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Protein complexes present on the cell membranes of bacteria for secretion of substances
Bacterial secretion systems are protein complexes present on the cell membranes of bacteria for secretion of substances. Specifically, they are the cellular
Bacterial_secretion_system
Controlled release of substances by cells or tissues
interior (cytoplasm or cytosol) of a bacterial cell to its exterior. Secretion is a very important mechanism in bacterial functioning and operation in their
Secretion
Bacterial virulence factor
The type III secretion system (T3SS or TTSS) is one of the bacterial secretion systems used by bacteria to secrete their effector proteins into host cells
Type_III_secretion_system
Bacterial molecular machine
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is one of the bacterial secretion systems, membrane protein complexes, used by a wide range of gram-negative bacteria
Type_VI_secretion_system
The type IX secretion system is a specialized protein bacterial secretion system found in the Fibrobacteres-Chlorobi-Bacteroidetes superphylum. It plays
Type_IX_secretion_system
Protein complex found in bacteria and archaea
The bacterial type IV secretion system, also known as the type IV secretion system or the T4SS, is a secretion protein complex found in gram negative bacteria
Type_IV_secretion_system
Domain of microorganisms
The assembly of these extracellular structures is dependent on bacterial secretion systems. These transfer proteins from the cytoplasm into the periplasm
Bacteria
Type VII secretion systems are bacterial secretion systems first observed in the phyla Actinomycetota and Bacillota. Bacteria use such systems to transport
Type_VII_secretion_system
Bacterial system for secreting proteins
The type 2 secretion system (often referred to as the type II secretion system or by the initials T2SS) is a type of protein secretion machinery found
Type_II_secretion_system
Origin of three known varieties of flagella
the type three secretory system supports the hypothesis that the flagellum evolved from a simpler bacterial secretion system. However, the true relationship
Evolution_of_flagella
French microbiologist
"Identification of Tse8 as a Type VI secretion system toxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa that targets the bacterial transamidosome to inhibit protein synthesis
Alain_Filloux
Protein family
PMC 2253397. PMID 15930010. Hueck CJ (June 1998). "Type III protein secretion systems in bacterial pathogens of animals and plants". Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev
YopR_bacterial_protein_domain
Virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis
N-terminal signal sequences promotes the secretion of PRN into the periplasm through the bacterial secretion system (Sec) and consequently, the translocation
Pertactin
Bacterial effectors are proteins secreted by pathogenic bacteria into the cells of their host, usually using a type 3 secretion system (TTSS/T3SS), a type
Bacterial_effector_protein
Topics referred to by the same term
opening across both inner and outer bacterial membranes, a part of many Gram-negative bacterial secretion systems One of the openings communicating with
Pore
Protein complex for polypeptide membrane transport
degradation by the proteasome. SecY protein Sec61 Protein targeting Bacterial secretion system Johnson AE, van Waes MA (1999). "The translocon: a dynamic gateway
Translocon
Polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope in many bacteria
The bacterial capsule is a large structure common to many bacteria. It is a polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope, and is thus deemed
Bacterial_capsule
Type VIII secretion system is a type of secretion system found within the inner and outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria. This system is also referred
Type_VIII_secretion_system
Protein family
alphaproteobacteria. SEC61A1; SEC61A2; Sec61 Translocon Protein targeting Bacterial secretion system Van den Berg B, Clemons WM, Collinson I, Modis Y, Hartmann E,
SecY_protein
Inflammation of membranes around the brain
common in bacterial meningitis. The cause of hyponatremia, however, is controversial and may include dehydration, the inappropriate secretion of the antidiuretic
Meningitis
Method of bacterial gene transfer
connection between two cells. This typically takes place through a type IV secretion system, a type of pilus.[full citation needed] It is a parasexual mode of
Bacterial_conjugation
Pattern formation of bacteria colony shapes
favorable conditions using their chemotaxis system, and the cell-mediated chemical changes to the environment. Bacterial pattern formation has been observed and
Bacterial_patterns
type VI secretion system as well as his work on the pathogenicity of the bacterial species Vibrio cholerae, its toxin, and its secretion systems. Since
John_Mekalanos
Reproductive system of female humans
the mons Venus, helps with arousal and orgasm. The uterus also produces secretions which help the transit of sperm to the fallopian tubes, where one of them
Female_reproductive_system
Interdisciplinary branch of biology and engineering
bacterial secretion system. Lysis has the advantage that it can stimulate the immune system and control growth. Multiple types of secretion systems can
Synthetic_biology
extracellular medium or intracellular organelles using a type III or IV bacterial secretion system, also known as a "molecular syringe".[citation needed] More recently
Nucleomodulin
Polymer in bacterial cell walls
bacteria-mediated (secretion systems, membrane vesicles) or host cell-mediated (receptor-mediated, peptide transporters). Bacterial secretion systems are protein
Peptidoglycan
Coulthurst SJ (January 2016). "Aim, Load, Fire: The Type VI Secretion System, a Bacterial Nanoweapon". Trends in Microbiology. 24 (1): 51–62. doi:10.1016/j
Contact-dependent growth inhibition
Contact-dependent_growth_inhibition
Species of bacterium
citri uses its type IV secretion system to kill other Gram-negative bacterial species in a contact-dependent manner. The secretion of the effector proteins
Xanthomonas_citri
Cellular appendage functioning as locomotive or sensory organelle
bacterial flagella evolved from the type-three secretion system (TTSS). The atomic structure of both bacterial flagella as well as the TTSS injectisome have
Flagellum
Genus of bacteria
their prey, Aureispira bacteria use a type 6 secretion system (T6SS), another type of bacterial secretion system. In Aureispira, this T6SS is most notably
Aureispira
type V and VI secretion systems) or the release of soluble toxins (including colicins) in the environment. Polymorphic toxins are bacterial exotoxins which
Polymorphic_toxins
gram-negative pathogens: a novel bacterial outermembrane-bound nanovesicular exocytosis model for type-III secretion system". Toxicology International. 10
Membrane_vesicle_trafficking
Species of bacterium
tuberculosis.[citation needed] Bacterial secretion systems are specialized protein complexes and pathways that allow bacterial pathogens to secrete proteins
Mycobacterium_smegmatis
Scientific discipline
include toxins, secretion systems, and effector proteins that directly interact with host cellular machinery. Bacterial secretion systems, such as type
Cellular_microbiology
Glands found near the anus in many mammals
anal pocket secretions between the sexes. Evidence shows that the carboxylic acids found in the anal pocket secretions are produced by bacterial metabolism
Anal_gland
Species of bacterium
disease progresses the bacteria spreads to the stem via the vascular system. Secretion of exopolysaccharides leads to gumming and vascular ooze which blocks
Xanthomonas_vasicola
Biological process of breaking down food
Cascales E. (2005). "Biogenesis, architecture, and function of bacterial Type IV secretion systems". Annu Rev Microbiol. 59 (1): 451–485. doi:10.1146/annurev
Digestion
Receptor used by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
cytoskeleton via the secretion of virulence factors. These factors are secreted directly into the cells using a Type three secretion system. One of the virulence
Tir_(receptor)
Pathologic lack of stomach acid production
cause for small bacterial growth in the bowel and a deficiency of Vitamin B-12. These have also proved to be factors of acid secretion in the stomach.
Achlorhydria
Immune system of the human eye
lacrimal glands and the conjunctiva contribute to ocular defenses via secretion of both immunoglobulins and lymphoid tissues. The latter is understood
Ocular_immune_system
Cytosolic multiprotein complex that mediates the activation of Caspase 1
the bacterial PAMPs in the cytosol, which are provided by the rod (NAIP2) and needle (NAIP1) components of the bacterial type-3 secretion system (T3SS)
Inflammasome
Bacterial plant disease
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis is the pathogen that causes bacterial blight of cassava. Originally discovered in Brazil in 1912, the disease has
Bacterial_blight_of_cassava
Disease bacteria of tomato family, others
more intensively studied phytopathogenic bacteria, and bacterial wilt of tomato is a model system for investigating mechanisms of pathogenesis. Ralstonia
Ralstonia_solanacearum
Proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria
determinants of surface colonization in bacteria: bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation from a protein secretion perspective". Frontiers in Microbiology. 4:
Pilus
Protein made by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the ESX-1 secretion system, a type VII bacterial secretion system, includes Rv3877 and two AAA ATPases, Rv3870 and
CFP-10
Vesicles released from the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria
by Gram-negative organisms: A novel bacterial outermembrane-bound nanovesicular model for Type-III secretion system". Toxicology International. 10 (1):
Outer_membrane_vesicle
Severity of disease pathogens on its host
injected into the host cells by specialized secretion apparati, such as the type three secretion system. Host-mediated pathogenesis is often important
Virulence
American microbiologist
bacterial geneticist who has made fundamental contributions to several different research fields. He is best known for his work on protein secretion,
Thomas_J._Silhavy
Research institute in Marburg, Germany
parentheses: Bacterial secretion systems (Andreas Diepold) Bacterial development & differentiation (Lotte Søgaard-Andersen) The Department of Systems and Synthetic
Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology
Max_Planck_Institute_for_Terrestrial_Microbiology
Film of microorganisms on a surface
times its dry weight in water. Biofilms are not just bacterial slime layers but biological systems; the bacteria organize themselves into a coordinated
Biofilm
Digestive system in humans
phase. The first stage, the cephalic phase of digestion, begins with secretions from gastric glands in response to the sight and smell of food, and continues
Human_digestive_system
Sweat gland distributed almost all over the human body
eccrine secretions is caused by evaporation that increases the concentration of salts. The odor from sweat is due to bacterial activity on the secretions of
Eccrine_sweat_gland
Proteins found on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
through a method named the secretion pathway. TAAs are part of the secretion pathway, to be more specific the type Vc secretion system. Trimeric autotransporter
Trimeric autotransporter adhesin
Trimeric_autotransporter_adhesin
Bodily fluid secreted by salivary glands
second messenger system). Increased calcium causes vesicles within the cells to fuse with the apical cell membrane leading to secretion. ACh also causes
Saliva
Enzyme that functions outside the cell it is secreted from
deliver the virulent exoenzyme into the host cell using a type three secretion system. With either process, pathogens can attack the host cell's structure
Exoenzyme
Bacterial disease caused by the bacteria Salmonellosis
genes such as Vi capsular antigen, flagella antigens, and Type III secretion systems. Humans are the only reservoir of this infection. Various human challenge
Enteric_fever
Species of fungus
eliminate its bacterial endosymbiont; without this endosymbiont the fungus is unable to sporulate. The bacterium has a type III secretion system that allows
Rhizopus_microsporus
Species of spider
genital system of the cellar spider Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775) (Pholcidae, Araneae): development of spermatozoa and seminal secretion". Frontiers
Pholcus_phalangioides
Disease-causing bacteria
Erysipelas is an acute streptococcus bacterial infection of the deeper skin layers that spreads via with lymphatic system. Cellulitis is a diffuse inflammation
Pathogenic_bacteria
Species of bacterium
potato. Unlike most Pectobacterium, P. wasabiae strains lack a type III secretion system. Its type strain is CFBP 3304T(=LMG 8404T =NCPPB 3701T =ICMP 9121T)
Pectobacterium_wasabiae
Class of enzymes
alleles differentially impact the risk for Alzheimer's disease Bacterial secretion system Membrane transport Protein targeting Translocon "EC class 7".
Translocase
Secretion of mammalian genitals
with dead skin cells forms smegma. Smegma clitoridis is defined as the secretion of the apocrine (sweat) and sebaceous (sebum) glands of the clitoris in
Smegma
System for the calculation of the available energy of foods
faecal excretion was a complex mixture of unabsorbed intestinal secretions, bacterial material and metabolites, sloughed mucosal cells, mucus, and only
Atwater_system
Species of Gram-positive bacterium
of S. aureus type VII secretion system; EssC is a large integral membrane ATPase, which most likely powers the secretion systems, and has been hypothesised
Staphylococcus_aureus
Inflammation of the sinus' membranes
The Th1 response is characterized by secretion of interferon gamma. The Th2 response is characterized by secretion of interleukin-4 receptor, interleukin
Sinusitis
Infection specificity of pathogens
epithelial cells in the gut. Along with the Type III secretion system, temperature may also effect the secretion of intimin, which increases E. coli infectivity
Host_tropism
Protein family
SP-D. It is part of the innate immune system and is used to opsonize bacterial cells in the alveoli marking them for phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages
Surfactant_protein_A
Sequence of amino acids
amino acids which, when attached to a protein, directs the protein to the bacterial periplasm, where the sequence is removed by a signal peptidase. Specifically
PelB_leader_sequence
Hormone that affects blood pressure / heart rate
the digestive system, VIP seems to induce smooth muscle relaxation (lower esophageal sphincter, stomach, gallbladder), stimulate secretion of water into
Vasoactive_intestinal_peptide
Antibacterial drug
time of delivery. While it usually works by slowing bacterial growth, it may result in bacterial death at the high concentrations found in urine, provided
Nitrofurantoin
Unicellular organism lacking a membrane-bound nucleus
can form stable aggregate communities in biofilms. Bacterial biofilms are formed by the secretion of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Myxobacteria
Prokaryote
Group of bacteria that do not retain the Gram stain used in bacterial differentiation
Hébraud M, Talon R, Henderson IR (April 2009). "Secretion and subcellular localizations of bacterial proteins: a semantic awareness issue". Trends Microbiol
Gram-negative_bacteria
Biotechnological process
"Comparison of different signal peptides for protein secretion in nonlytic insect cell system". Analytical Biochemistry. 359 (1): 45–53. doi:10.1016/j
Protein_production
Biological system protecting an organism against disease
S2CID 15418509. Cianciotto NP (December 2005). "Type II secretion: a protein secretion system for all seasons". Trends in Microbiology. 13 (12): 581–88
Immune_system
Genus of bacteria
Xanthomonas actively kill other bacterial using type IV secretion system and defend itself from amoeba using type VI secretion system. To prevent infections,
Xanthomonas
Anti-microbial epithelial cell of the small intestine
for bacterial DNA. Internalizing these PAMPs and activating TLR9 leads to degranulation and release of antimicrobial peptides and other secretions. Surprisingly
Paneth_cell
Genus of bacteria
in the epithelia of the small intestine. Shigella uses a type-III secretion system that acts as a biological syringe to translocate toxic effector proteins
Shigella
IV secretion systems, which are both expressed in Gram-negative bacteria, are the secretion systems most frequently linked to PAIs. The bacterial membranes
Pathogenicity_island
Form of crawling bacterial motility
; Saier, Milton H. (November 2003). "Type II protein secretion and its relationship to bacterial type IV pili and archaeal flagella". Microbiology. 149
Twitching_motility
Breakdown product of creatine phosphate
kidneys, primarily by glomerular filtration, but also by proximal tubular secretion. Little or no tubular reabsorption of creatinine occurs. If filtration
Creatinine
Small molecule affecting biological activity
Westerhausen S (October 2018). "Bacterial type III secretion systems: a complex device for the delivery of bacterial effector proteins into eukaryotic
Effector_(biology)
Chronic low-grade inflammation that develops with advanced age
activated, this system can go on to elicit pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and sometimes cell death. Pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion acts as the
Inflammaging
Medical condition
umbrella term for a variety of medical conditions that incorporate bacterial and non-bacterial origin illnesses in the pelvic region. In contrast with the plain
Prostatitis
Medical condition
or suppress the secretion of acid by the stomach. Their use in treating cirrhosis is associated with the development of SBP. Bacterial translocation is
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Spontaneous_bacterial_peritonitis
Bacterial protein
filament in a bacterial flagellum. Flagellin has a mass on average of about 40,000 daltons. Flagellins are the principal component of bacterial flagella that
Flagellin
Chemical compound
Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ or SMX) is an antibiotic. It is used for bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections, bronchitis, and prostatitis and
Sulfamethoxazole
Species of bacteria
by reducing interferon gamma. Cgt is also secreted by the type IV secretion system, and is secreted selectively so that gastric niches where the pathogen
Helicobacter_pylori
Inflammatory skin rash within bodily folds
promote skin breakdown such as moisture, friction, and exposure to bodily secretions and excreta such as sweat, urine, or feces. Areas of the body which are
Intertrigo
Adaptive behavior by microscopic organisms including bacteria and protists
G, et al. (June 2020). "Modulation of bacterial multicellularity via spatio-specific polysaccharide secretion". PLOS Biology. 18 (6) e3000728. doi:10
Microbial_intelligence
Biological organ system that removes unnecessary materials from the body of an organism
can perspire amounts as much as 10 liters. The two functions consist of secretion of a filtrate in response to acetylcholine and reabsorption of sodium
Excretory_system
Genus of viruses
host-interaction factors within Bartonella communities such as VirB type IV secretion system (T4SS) and its cognate Bartonella effector proteins. Maintenance of
Bartonegtaviriform
Liquid by-product of animal metabolism
urinary bladder, and urethra. The system produces urine by a process of filtration, reabsorption, and tubular secretion. The kidneys extract the soluble
Urine
Antibiotic
reductase in some bacteria, preventing creation of bacterial DNA and RNA and leading to bacterial cell death. Trimethoprim was first used in 1962. It
Trimethoprim
Inflammation of the eyelid
whether they be infectious or noninfectious, including, but not limited to, bacterial infections or allergies. Different variations of blepharitis can be classified
Blepharitis
Protein family
around 37o Celsius. Hueck CJ (June 1998). "Type III protein secretion systems in bacterial pathogens of animals and plants". Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev
LcrV
Human salivary gland
60–67% of unstimulated saliva secretion; on stimulation, their contribution decreases in proportion as parotid gland secretion rises to 50%. The average length
Submandibular_gland
Bacteria use a variety of DNA-binding proteins, generally basic in pH. Since bacterial binding proteins have a diversity of functions, it has been difficult
Bacterial_DNA_binding_protein
Species of bacterium
system, and proteins (secreted by the type III secretion system), for example. The genes in the bacterial genome that are responsible for such interactions
Xanthomonas_campestris
Protein found in humans
include bacterial type 3 secretion system (T3SS) rod protein and flagellin, which are potent activators of NLRC4 inflammasome, and bacterial toxin nigericin
GSDMD
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BACTERIAL SECRETION-SYSTEM