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In array antenna systems, array gain is the measure of the improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achieved by the array. It is calculated as the SNR
Array_gain
Measure of how much of an antenna's signal is transmitted in one direction
D_{\text{max}}\approx 4N\pi } . The directivity of a planar array is the product of the array gain, and the directivity of an element (assuming all of the
Directivity
The relative gain array (RGA) is a classical widely used[citation needed] method for determining the best input-output pairings for multivariable process
Relative_gain_array
Disambiguation article
many variants thereof Wi-Fi array, a wireless networking device Antenna array Array gain, a telecommunications parameter Array processing of multichannel
Array
Array of antennas creating a steerable beam
the size of an antenna array must extend many wavelengths to achieve the high gain needed for narrow beamwidth, phased arrays are mainly practical at
Phased_array
Type of radio antenna
of the band of frequencies having a gain within 3 dB (one-half the power) of its maximum gain. The Yagi–Uda array in its basic form has a narrow bandwidth
Yagi–Uda_antenna
Set of multiple antennas which work together
gain and the narrower the beam. Some antenna arrays (such as military phased array radars) are composed of thousands of individual antennas. Arrays can
Antenna_array
Multi-element, directional antenna useable over a wide band of frequencies
A log-periodic antenna (LP), also known as a log-periodic array or log-periodic aerial, is a multi-element, directional antenna designed to operate over
Log-periodic_antenna
Radio aerial composed of directly-connected and passive elements
In an antenna array made of multiple conductive elements (typically metal rods), a driven element or active element (also called driven radiator or active
Driven_and_parasitic_elements
Group of sensors used to increase gain or dimensionality over a single sensor
example an array of radio antenna elements used for beamforming can increase antenna gain in the direction of the signal while decreasing the gain in other
Sensor_array
Signal processing technique for sensor arrays
technique used in sensor arrays for directional signal transmission or reception. This is achieved by combining elements in an antenna array in such a way that
Beamforming
Device that transmits and receives radio waves
dipole arrays) as television antennas. Gain is a parameter which measures the degree of directivity of the antenna's radiation pattern. A high-gain antenna
Antenna_(radio)
Radio antenna which has greater performance in specific alignments
medium wavelength frequencies, tower arrays are used in most cases as directional antennas. When transmitting, a high-gain antenna allows more of the transmitted
Directional_antenna
Formula in telecommunications engineering of antenna performance
his transmission formula was to dispense with the usage of directivity or gain when describing antenna performance. In their place is the descriptor of
Friis_transmission_equation
Optical axis of a directional antenna
telecommunications and radar engineering, the antenna boresight is the axis of maximum gain (maximum radiated power) of a directional antenna. For most antennas the
Antenna_boresight
System of linked seismometers
class of design is considered to provide the best overall array gain. With a seismic array, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a seismic signal can be
Seismic_array
Telecommunications performance metric
which applies to aperture antennas such as a parabolic reflector or phased array, or antenna/aperture illumination efficiency, which relates the maximum
Radiation_efficiency
Use of multiple antennas in radio
receiver's antenna array, each having a different spatial signature—gain phase pattern at the receiver’s antennas. These distinct array signatures allow
MIMO
Directional variation in strength of radio waves
pattern), the power per unit solid angle (power pattern), and the directive gain (gain pattern). Very often, only the relative amplitude is plotted, normalized
Radiation_pattern
Tax on investment profits
and state legislation often has a large array of fiscal obligations that must be respected regarding capital gains. The CGT can be considered a cost of selling
Capital_gains_tax
Class of directive antennas
gain, by moving the elements about. If the antenna is properly aligned with the signal, at any given instant in time, all of the elements in an array
Reflective_array_antenna
Antenna system type
collinear; that is, they are located along a common axis. Collinear arrays are high gain omnidirectional antennas. Both dipoles and quarter-wavelength monopoles
Collinear_antenna_array
Radio astronomy observatory in New Mexico, US
The Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) is a centimeter-wavelength radio astronomy observatory in the southwestern United States built in the 1970s
Very_Large_Array
Family of wireless network protocols
semi-parabolic antenna (15 dB gain) with a similarly equipped receiver at the far end might have a range of over 32 km. Higher gain rating (dBi) indicates deviation
Wi-Fi
expected diversity gain has been shown to be ∑ k = 1 N 1 k {\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{N}{\frac {1}{k}}} , expressed as a power ratio. Array gain Diversity combining
Diversity_gain
Lobes of far field radiation pattern of antenna
of phase to each other. For discrete aperture antennas (such as phased arrays) in which the element spacing is greater than a half wavelength, the spatial
Sidelobes
Antenna with a fractal shape
extra components such as inductors or capacitors. Log-periodic antennas are arrays invented in 1952 and commonly seen as TV antennas. This was long before
Fractal_antenna
Antenna capable of modifying its frequency and radiation properties dynamically
(dielectric liquid or liquid metal). Antenna (radio) Beam steering Phased array RF MEMS Smart antenna Rodrigo, D.; Cetiner, B.A.; Jofre, L. (2014). "Frequency
Reconfigurable_antenna
Acoustic sensing method
is the target strength, NL is the noise level, AG is the array gain of the receiving array (sometimes approximated by its directivity index) and DT is
Sonar
System of hydrophones
Hydrophones in a towed array system are placed at specific distances along the cable, the end elements far enough apart to gain a basic ability to triangulate
Towed_array_sonar
WiFi option
the highly scattering environment, substantial capacity gains are enabled when antenna arrays are used at both ends of a link. An alternative approach
Space–time_block_code
Regions of an electromagnetic field
Alternatively, multiple active elements can also be combined to form an antenna array, with lobe shape becoming a factor of element distances and excitation phasing
Near_and_far_field
Telecommunications networks transmitted by radio waves
plane Characteristics Array gain Directivity Efficiency Electrical length Equivalent radius Factor Friis transmission equation Gain Height Radiation pattern
Cellular_network
Region of the radiation pattern of an antenna
transducers like microphones and loudspeakers. Antenna boresight Antenna gain Beam radio navigation Beam waveguide antenna Beamwidth Side lobe Software
Main_lobe
Changing the direction of the main lobe of a radiation pattern
reflectors and phased arrays are now complemented by Reflectarray (RA) and Transmitarray (TA) antennas. These designs serve as high-gain, planar alternatives
Beam_steering
Type of parabolic antenna
Waterloo in 2004. The theoretical gain (directive gain) of a dish increases as the frequency increases. The actual gain depends on many factors including
Satellite_dish
radiation pattern to concentrate energy over a smaller range and increase gain. "47 CFR 73.316 -- FM antenna systems". eCFR. Retrieved 2026-03-14. "47 CFR
Vertical and horizontal (radio propagation)
Vertical_and_horizontal_(radio_propagation)
High bandwidth channel access method
channel access method, developed for multi-transceiver systems such as active array antennas. WSDMA is a beamforming technique suitable for overlay on the latest
WSDMA
azimuth and the elevation components of the direction of an antenna system or array. Such antenna configurations are used in, for example, amateur radio satellite
Antenna_rotator
the size of a city block. Instead of a cell tower, each cell will use an array of multiple small antennas mounted on existing buildings and utility poles
Wireless device radiation and health
Wireless_device_radiation_and_health
Characteristic of a radio antenna
terminals of an antenna is not the actual field intensity due to actual antenna gain, aperture characteristics, and loading effects.[clarification needed] For
Antenna_factor
Type of radio antenna consisting of a loop or coil
higher gain in the two favored horizontal directions. Additional gain (and a uni-directional radiation pattern) is usually obtained with an array of such
Loop_antenna
Type of antenna
the IEEE definition of "Log-Periodic Antenna". The "Log-Periodic Dipole Array" or "Log-Periodic Dipole Antenna" (LPDA), is a practically modified self-complementary
Self-complementary_antenna
Electrically conductive surface, usually connected to electrical ground
play major roles in determining its radiation characteristics including gain. To function as a ground plane, the conducting surface must be at least a
Ground_plane
Antenna used with a television to receive television programs
elements, the higher the gain and the more directional. Another design used mainly for UHF reception is the reflective array antenna, consisting of a
Television_antenna
General proclamation to defend the state in the Kingdom of England
royal assent. Both decrees tried to gain control of existing militia and to raise further troops. The Commission of Array issued by the king thus sought to
Commission_of_array
Type of surface-mount packaging for integrated circuits
The land grid array (LGA) is a type of surface-mount packaging for integrated circuits (ICs) that is notable for having the pins on the socket (when a
Land_grid_array
Area dedicated to radio transmitting
technicians Telecommunications facility manager Security guards Antenna array Ham radio Earth station Echelon (signals intelligence) "MSN Encarta - antenna
Antenna_farm
Antenna consisting of two rod-shaped conductors
standalone low-gain antennas, dipoles are also employed as driven elements in more complex antenna designs such as the Yagi antenna and driven arrays. Dipole
Dipole_antenna
Method to evaluate biological samples
altered Cy3:Cy5 ratio this indicates a loss or a gain of the patient DNA at that specific genomic region. Array CGH has been implemented using a wide variety
Comparative genomic hybridization
Comparative_genomic_hybridization
American physicist (born 1925)
in transducer source and receive arrays (1977) Economical computation of array gain of large lattice acoustic arrays in anisotropic sea noise (1977) Effects
Gordon_Eugene_Martin
Search algorithm finding the position of a target value within a sorted array
of a target value within a sorted array. Binary search compares the target value to the middle element of the array. If they are not equal, the half in
Binary_search
Type of directional antenna
serves to provide broad bandwidth gain at the lower end of the UHF band, while the Yagi array is cut to give extra gain at the high end of the band. Monopole
Corner_reflector_antenna
Digital imaging circuit since 1970
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors. Under the control of an external circuit
Charge-coupled_device
Antenna constructions for different applications
antenna; most compact but highly directional / "high gain" / beam antennas are some type of an array antenna Aperture antennas Aperture antennas are made
Antenna_types
Part of the International Space Station; sequence of connected trusses
"STS-122 spacewalkers gain extra protection". NASA SpaceFlight.com. Retrieved December 1, 2007. WILLIAM HARWOOD, "New solar array drive motor successfully
Integrated_Truss_Structure
Type of antenna with a low profile
image) called microstrip antennas, can be used to make high gain array antennas, and phased arrays in which the beam can be electronically steered. A variant
Patch_antenna
Class of large multielement directional wire radio transmitting antennas
curtain array may have a gain of 20 dB greater than a simple dipole antenna. Because of the strict phase requirements, earlier curtain arrays had a narrow
Curtain_array
Cable or conductor connecting a radio transmitter to an antenna
the radio waves waveguide switches waveguide rotary joints An array antenna or antenna array consists of multiple antennas which are connected to a single
Antenna_feed
Aspect of a lens or reflector
cloud can render a satellite dish less efficient, resulting in a reduced gain. The imperfections of the antenna lead to two problems: On the one hand the
Focal_cloud
Telecommunications device
increase the signal in the target area. Adjustment of the ATUs in a multitower array is a complex and time-consuming process requiring considerable expertise
Antenna_tuner
Digital information reflecting an individual's karyotype
disrupted DNA have emerged, such as array comparative genomic hybridization (arrayCGH) and SNP arrays. Conceptually, the arrays are composed of hundreds to millions
Virtual_karyotype
Device in neurophysiology
Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) (also referred to as multielectrode arrays) are devices that contain multiple (tens to thousands) microelectrodes through
Microelectrode_array
Receiving device on satellite dishes
polarization, low/vertical and high/horizontal) to a multiswitch or an array of multiswitches, which then delivers to each connected tuner whichever
Low-noise_block_downconverter
Season of television series
a cast that represents all types of players, spanning all the eras. An array of people who have slept bled this ever-changing game design for the last
Survivor 50: In the Hands of the Fans
Survivor_50:_In_the_Hands_of_the_Fans
Problem in computer science
contiguous subarray with the largest sum, within a given one-dimensional array A[1...n] of numbers. It can be solved in O ( n ) {\displaystyle O(n)} time
Maximum_subarray_problem
Parameter characterizing an AC conductor
radiation pattern; it does not radiate as much power, and therefore has lower gain than a full-sized antenna. Conversely, an antenna longer than resonant length
Electrical_length
arrays. The equation is named after John Ruze, who introduced the equation in a paper he wrote in 1952. The equation states that the antenna's gain is
Ruze's_equation
Stacked combination of two or more standard RAID levels
(where "RAID" stands for "redundant array of independent disks" or "redundant array of inexpensive disks") to gain performance, additional redundancy or
Nested_RAID_levels
Technique for detecting polymorphisms in a genome
In molecular biology, SNP array is a type of DNA microarray which is used to detect polymorphisms within a population. A single nucleotide polymorphism
SNP_array
Microwave network module
phased arrays. Active phase shifters provide gain, while passive phase shifters are lossy. Active: Applications: active electronically scanned array (AESA)
Phase_shift_module
Noise pattern on digital imaging sensors
conditions in an imaging array. This problem arises from small differences in the individual responsitivity of the sensor array (including any local postamplification
Fixed-pattern_noise
Set of two dipole antennas
increase the axial mode radiation is to replace each dipole with a Yagi array. In a circularly polarized antenna, it is important that the direction of
Turnstile_antenna
Early warning radar
separate elements combine in front of the antenna to form a beam. The array has a gain of 38.6 dB, and the width of the beam is only 2.2°. The drive current
PAVE_PAWS
Physical transmission device
to direct or collect microwave radiation. An array antenna is a high gain antenna consisting of an array of smaller antenna elements. A leaky wave antenna
Microwave_antenna
American media mogul (1938–2026)
wrestling on TBS dating back to 1971, and credited wrestling with helping TBS gain a national footprint with the coming of cable television. In 1988, Turner
Ted_Turner
Object detection system using radio waves
The amount of reinforcement is antenna gain. The amount of cancellation is side-lobe suppression. Phased array radars have been in use since the earliest
Radar
1995 edition of the Fortran programming language standard
tar%u ! array section (structure component) tar(1, 1)%u ! component of an array element Vector and matrix multiply Array reduction Array inquiry Array construction
Fortran_95_language_features
Fleet of truck-mounted weather radars
quickly deployable truck-mounted weather radars managed by FARM (Flexible Array of Radars and Mesonets), an American research company affiliated with the
Doppler_on_Wheels
Collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface
nucleic acid sequences in the target. The original nucleic acid arrays were macro arrays approximately 9 cm × 12 cm and the first computerized image based
DNA_microarray
KF-21 Boramae fire-control radar
APY-016K is a gallium nitride (GaN) based active electronically scanned array (AESA) fire-control radar designed by Agency for Defense Development (ADD)
APY-016K
Information method in electromagnetic radiation
itself. Arrays in 2D can be created as well, and since the arrays are virtual, the number of pixels, their size, and their individual gains can be adapted
Optical_heterodyne_detection
Matrix in which most of the elements are zero
numerical analysis and scientific computing, a sparse matrix or sparse array is a matrix in which most of the elements are zero. There is no strict definition
Sparse_matrix
Soviet over-the-horizon early-warning radar system
game features many actual locations in the area, including the Duga-1 array. The array itself appears in S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Clear Sky in the fictional city of
Duga_radar
General-purpose programming language
as an array. Since arrays are always accessed (in effect) via pointers, array accesses are typically not checked against the underlying array size, although
C_(programming_language)
Belfast-based activist group
Array Collective is the alias of 11 Belfast-based artists and activists. In 2021 they became the first Northern Irish winners of the Turner Prize. Array
Array_Collective
open area test sites for measurements of high gain, electrically large antennas or antenna arrays (gain > 20 dBi, diameter > 5λ) in an indoor, controlled
Near-field_scanner
Portuguese footballer (born 1985)
Ronaldo became noted for his dribbling and flair, often displaying an array of tricks and feints, such as the step overs and so-called 'chops' that
Cristiano_Ronaldo
GNU replacement for the Bourne shell
before the newline is made clear. $ # In Bash: $ array=( "a" " b" " > c " ) $ declare -p array declare -a array=([0]="a" [1]=" b" [2]=$' \n c ') Printing an
Bash_(Unix_shell)
Shortwave transmitting antenna
are modest-gain single-band curtain array antennas. They are named after Ernest J. Sterba, who developed a simple shortwave curtain array for Bell Labs
Sterba_antenna
Japanese stock market index
highly capitalised and liquid publicly owned companies in Japan from a wide array of industry sectors. Since 2017, the index is calculated every five seconds
Nikkei_225
Effort to find civilizations not from Earth
an Earth-based radio telescope array with 1,500 dishes known as "Project Cyclops". The price tag for the Cyclops array was US$10 billion. Cyclops was
Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence
Indian political party
Annadurai, M. G. Ramachandran and J. Jayalalithaa. The AIADMK posted an array of welfare schemes targeting the human development index of the state. The
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
All_India_Anna_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam
1847 novel by Emily Brontë
Victorian morality, religion, and the class system. It has inspired an array of adaptations across several types of media. Opening In 1801, Mr Lockwood
Wuthering_Heights
High-level programming language
using the bind method. Like in many scripting languages, arrays and objects (associative arrays in other languages) can each be created with a succinct
JavaScript
Active antennas that are designed to resist radio jamming
Beamforming: The antenna array combines signals from multiple elements to create a directional reception pattern that enhances the gain toward legitimate GPS
Controlled reception pattern antenna
Controlled_reception_pattern_antenna
Password-based key derivation function
iterations salt: array of Bytes (16 bytes) random salt password: array of Bytes (1..72 bytes) UTF-8 encoded password Output: hash: array of Bytes (24 bytes)
Bcrypt
Defunct American computer company
Post: 6B – via Newspapers.com. Rosen, Carol (January 1995). "Ball grid arrays gain respectability". Electronic Business Buyer. 21 (1). Reed Business Information:
Panda_Project
Divide and conquer sorting algorithm
elements in the range are equal, which gives an important efficiency gain for sorting arrays with many equal elements.) The risk of producing a non-advancing
Quicksort
six-armed species in Outworld. His multiple arms allow him to utilize a wide array of weaponry, including a lantern, chain mace, bag bomb, and vials of fire
Characters of the Mortal Kombat series
Characters_of_the_Mortal_Kombat_series
ARRAY GAIN
ARRAY GAIN
Boy/Male
Indian
One who is honored, Exalted
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin) or French
English (of Norman origin) or French : habitational name, with fused preposition d(e), principally for someone from Arras in northern France, or possibly from Arras-en-Lavedan (Hautes Pyrénées) or Arras-sur-Rhône (Ardèche).
Boy/Male
French, Hindu, Indian
Sea
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Aaron, ARRAN means "light-bringer."
Boy/Male
Muslim
One who is honored, Exalted (1)
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : from a medieval personal name, a pet form of Martin or Marta.English and French : metonymic occupational name for a smith or a nickname for a forceful person, from Old French martel ‘hammer’ (Late Latin martellus). Charles Martel, the grandfather of Charlemagne, gained his byname from the force with which he struck down his enemies in battle.Spanish and Portuguese : from Portuguese martelo, Old Spanish martel ‘hammer’ (Late Latin martellus), or an Iberianized form of the Italian cognate Martello.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Gaines.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Kadambini | காதமà¯à®ªà®¿à®¨à¯€
An array of clouds
Kadambini | காதமà¯à®ªà®¿à®¨à¯€
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : habitational name from the city of Arras in Artois, northern France, or one of the other places in France so named.Scottish : habitational name from Airhouse, a locality in Channelkirk, Berwickshire.English : habitational name from a place called Arras in East Yorkshire, earlier spelled Erghes, from the plural of Old Norse erg ‘hut’, ‘shelter’.German : metonymic occupational name for a cloth merchant, from a type of woolen cloth for which the city of Arras in Flanders was famous in the Middle Ages. This name is also established in Mexico.
Surname or Lastname
North German
North German : variant of Harr.English : from a pet form of Herbert.English : nickname from Old English hēarra ‘chief’, ‘lord’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Gain.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Array of clouds
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu
Array of Clouds
Boy/Male
Hebrew
Lofty; exalted; high mountain.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Meghamala | மேகமாலா
Array of clouds
Meghamala | மேகமாலா
Girl/Female
Tamil
Array of clouds
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
An Array of Clouds
Boy/Male
Indian, Parsi
Strong
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh, Traditional
An Array of Clouds; Garland of Clouds
Boy/Male
American, English
Lucky
ARRAY GAIN
ARRAY GAIN
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Lively
Girl/Female
Indian
Daughter
Boy/Male
Biblical
The silence of the Lord.
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Bee. Deborah was the Biblical prophetess who summoned Barak to battle against an army of...
Boy/Male
Greek American French
Stone; rock.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Slavery of Love
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Chinese
High Tower; Woman of Magdala
Boy/Male
Tamil
Radhe Shyam | ராதே à®·à¯à®¯à®¾à®®Â
Lord Krishna and Radha
Boy/Male
Tamil
Visisht | விஷிஷà¯à®Ÿ
One who excels everything
Boy/Male
Latin French
Loves God.
ARRAY GAIN
ARRAY GAIN
ARRAY GAIN
ARRAY GAIN
ARRAY GAIN
n.
To deck or dress; to adorn with dress; to cloth to envelop; -- applied esp. to dress of a splendid kind.
v. t.
To clothe; array; deck.
n.
Figure; dress; array.
n.
To place or dispose in order, as troops for battle; to marshal.
v. t.
To dress up; to array; accouter.
n.
Weapons, collectively; as, an array of weaponry.
v. t.
To array.
v.
To clothe or array; to dress.
imp. & p. p.
of Array
v. t.
To furnish with an arras.
v. t.
To make ready to fight; to array.
n.
To set in order, as a jury, for the trial of a cause; that is, to call them man by man.
v. t.
To warray.
v. i.
To spread out in array.
n.
Order; a regular and imposing arrangement; disposition in regular lines; hence, order of battle; as, drawn up in battle array.
n.
Array; order; arrangement; dress.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Array
n.
Any outer covering; array; garb.
v. t.
To adorn with trapping; to array.
n.
To dress; to clothe; to array.