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Telecommunications performance metric
In antenna theory, radiation efficiency is a measure of how well a radio antenna converts the radio-frequency power accepted at its terminals into radiated
Radiation_efficiency
Telecommunications performance metric
performance parameter which combines the antenna's directivity and radiation efficiency. The term power gain has been deprecated by IEEE. In a transmitting
Gain_(antenna)
How efficiently a source produces visible light
luminous efficiency of a source, overall luminous efficiency or lighting efficiency. The main difference between the luminous efficacy of radiation and the
Luminous_efficacy
Degree to which a process minimizes waste of resources
In thermodynamics: Energy conversion efficiency, measure of second law thermodynamic loss Radiation efficiency, ratio of radiated power to power absorbed
Efficiency
Electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of particles
Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation emitted by the thermal motion of particles in matter. All matter with a temperature greater than absolute
Thermal_radiation
Directional variation in strength of radio waves
An antenna radiation pattern (or antenna pattern or far-field pattern) is the directional (angular) dependence of the field strength (sometimes also the
Radiation_pattern
Extent to which an antenna is uniformly excited
It is not to be confused with radiation efficiency or antenna efficiency. Antenna [aperture] illumination efficiency is defined as "The ratio, usually
Illumination_efficiency
Measure of how much of an antenna's signal is transmitted in one direction
An antenna's directivity is greater than its gain by an efficiency factor, radiation efficiency. Directivity is an important measure because many antennas
Directivity
Ratio of energy extracted from sunlight in solar cells
gap of that cell, and with 6000 K blackbody radiation coming from all directions. However, the 95% efficiency thereby achieved means that the electric power
Solar-cell_efficiency
Type of radio antenna consisting of a loop or coil
small loop antennas have small radiation resistance which is dwarfed by ohmic losses, resulting in a poor antenna efficiency. They are thus mainly used as
Loop_antenna
Antenna constructions for different applications
Halos' radiation pattern is mostly in-plane and nearly omnidirectional, about the same as small loops' radiation pattern. Halos' radiation efficiency is intermediate
Antenna_types
Maximum theoretical efficiency of a solar cell
light) is proportional to the blackbody radiation Qc. This rate of recombination plays a negative role in the efficiency. Shockley and Queisser calculate Qc
Shockley–Queisser_limit
Surface on an antenna in electromagnetics
power P R {\displaystyle P_{\text{R}}} received by an antenna by the radiation efficiency η {\displaystyle \eta } of the antenna. P R {\displaystyle P_{\text{R}}}
Aperture_(antenna)
Ecological metric
optimal solar radiation levels) and do not convert all harvested energy into biomass, which results in a maximum overall photosynthetic efficiency of 3 to 6%
Photosynthetic_efficiency
Ratio between the useful output and the input of a machine
mechanical work, light (radiation), or heat. The resulting value, η (eta), ranges between 0 and 1. Energy conversion efficiency depends on the usefulness
Energy_conversion_efficiency
Rhombus-shaped antenna
the excitation from the transmitter. This circuit can increase the radiation efficiency of transmitting antennas to the 70-80% range, at the cost of increased
Rhombic_antenna
Lower bound on the quality factor of small radio antennae
shrinks and radiation resistance becomes smaller compared to loss resistances that may be present, thus reducing the radiation efficiency. For users this
Chu–Harrington_limit
Portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye
electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light (or simply light)
Visible_spectrum
Radio signal transmission equipment
not all of, the shortwave spectrum with good radiation efficiency and minimal compromise of the radiation pattern. Most practical broadband antennas compromise
Shortwave_broadband_antenna
Type of radio antenna
frequencies, even a 'T'-antenna can have very low radiation resistance, often less than 1 ohm, so the efficiency is limited by other resistances in the antenna
T-antenna
Topics referred to by the same term
stomach into the esophagus G = e R D {\displaystyle G=e_{R}\,D} : in radiation efficiency General Electric Research Laboratory, Schenectady, New York State
Gerd
Instrument used for measuring ionizing radiation
defense Geiger counters, handheld radiation monitors, both G-M and ion chambers Counting efficiency the ratio of radiation events reaching a detector and
Geiger_counter
measurement of ionising radiation the counting efficiency is the ratio between the number of particles or photons counted with a radiation counter and the number
Counting_efficiency
Radio antenna on a vehicle for wireless keys
multi-antenna systems (shark-fin design). These antenna types differ in radiation efficiency, bandwidth, sensitivity to the ground plane, and suitability for
Automotive RKE receiver antenna
Automotive_RKE_receiver_antenna
Radio antenna; long wire suspended above the ground
where conventional impedance matching schemes are adequate. The radiation efficiency of the antenna is not changed, despite high resistance; if the antenna
Random_wire_antenna
Range of light usable for photosynthesis
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) designates the spectral range (wave band) of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that photosynthetic organisms
Photosynthetically active radiation
Photosynthetically_active_radiation
Range 300-3000 GHz of the electromagnetic spectrum
Terahertz radiation – also known as submillimeter radiation, terahertz waves, tremendously high frequency (THF), T-rays, T-waves, T-light, T-lux or THz –
Terahertz_radiation
Instrument for measuring ionizing radiation
in radiation protection, assay of radioactive materials and physics research because they can be made inexpensively yet with good quantum efficiency, and
Scintillation_counter
Form of electromagnetic radiation
Ultraviolet radiation (UV; sometimes called ultraviolet light) is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 100–400 nanometers, shorter than that of
Ultraviolet
British audio equipment manufacturer
benefits such as a controlled directivity pattern and increased radiation efficiency. Uniform Dispersion (UD) Waveguide II: Building on the UD Waveguide
Monitor_Audio
Form of electromagnetic radiation
Infrared (IR; sometimes called infrared light) is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than that of visible light but shorter than
Infrared
Device that emits light via optical amplification
of electromagnetic radiation. The word laser originated as an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. The first laser was
Laser
Set of multiple antennas which work together
pattern synthesis. Additional issues to be considered are matching, radiation efficiency and bandwidth. The design of an electronically steerable antenna
Antenna_array
Quality metric for imaging detectors
the radiation dose efficiency of a detector since the required radiation exposure to a patient (and therefore the biological risk from that radiation exposure)
Detective_quantum_efficiency
Type of electrical resistance from an antenna
antenna efficiency, the radiation resistance and loss resistance must be referred to the same point on the antenna, often the input terminals. Radiation resistance
Radiation_resistance
Form of electromagnetic radiation
An X-ray is a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than those of ultraviolet rays and longer than those of gamma rays
X-ray
SI unit of luminous intensity
emits one candela, but does not specify the luminous efficiency function for weighting radiation at other frequencies. Such a source could then be used
Candela
Class of antennas
arrays. Metamaterial, high-impedance groundplanes can also improve radiation efficiency and axial ratio performance of low-profile antennas located close
Metamaterial_antenna
Part of a Geiger counter
generation of avalanches. Too low a pressure and the efficiency of interaction with incident radiation is reduced. Too high a pressure, and the “mean free
Geiger–Müller_tube
Solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface
Diffuse sky radiation, is solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface after having been scattered from the direct solar beam by molecules or particulates
Diffuse_sky_radiation
Omnidirectional circular bent dipole antenna
distinct from the small-loop antenna in size, radiation resistance, and efficiency, but their radiation patterns are nearly the same. A halo antenna is
Halo_antenna
Making devices resist ionizing radiation
malfunction caused by high levels of ionizing radiation (particle radiation and high-energy electromagnetic radiation), especially for environments in outer
Radiation_hardening
Devices generating electricity from radioisotope decay
Henry Moseley first demonstrated a current generated by charged-particle radiation. Since RCA's initial nuclear research and development in the early 1950s
Atomic_battery
1954 U.S. thermonuclear weapon test in the Marshall Islands
caused local radiation decoupling and hence poor radiation reflection by the hohlraum. Radiation decoupling in turn reduced locally the efficiency of the ablation
Castle_Bravo
Regions of an electromagnetic field
of radiation scattering off an object. Non-radiative near-field behaviors dominate close to the antenna or scatterer, while electromagnetic radiation far-field
Near_and_far_field
Type of radiological weapon
rain of radioactive material from a typical fission bomb, a dirty bomb's radiation can be dispersed only within a few hundred meters or a few miles of the
Dirty_bomb
Monopole antenna
frequency range, achieving efficiencies of 70-80% where other VLF antenna designs have efficiency of 15-30% due to the low radiation resistance of the very
Umbrella_antenna
Maximum energy available for use
to the conversion of radiation fluxes, and in particular, solar radiation. For example, Bejan stated that “Petela’s efficiency is no more than a convenient
Exergy
Use of sunlight for water heating with a solar thermal collector
its environment, due to heat loss from conduction, convection and radiation. Efficiency (the proportion of heat energy retained for a predefined time period)
Solar_water_heating
use other formulations such as energy modes, radiation modes, stored energy modes or radiation efficiency modes. Garbacz, R.J. (1965). "Modal expansions
Characteristic_mode_analysis
Aspect of relativity in physics
waves transport energy as gravitational radiation, a form of radiant energy similar to electromagnetic radiation. Newton's law of universal gravitation
Gravitational_wave
antenna radiation efficiency. Impedance Z A , m o n o = 1 2 Z A , D i p o l e {\displaystyle Z_{A,mono}={\frac {1}{2}}Z_{A,Dipole}} Radiation Resistance
Dual-band_blade_antenna
{\displaystyle (1-|\Gamma _{a}^{t}|^{2})} . Since antennas in general have radiation efficiency 0 ≤ ϵ ≤ 1 {\displaystyle 0\leq \epsilon \leq 1} , the normalized
Total active reflection coefficient
Total_active_reflection_coefficient
Energy released in nuclear weapons explosions
is the amount of energy released such as blast, thermal, and nuclear radiation, when that particular nuclear weapon is detonated. It is usually expressed
Nuclear_weapon_yield
Disaster exclusion zone in Ukraine
Anders Pape; Mousseau, Timothy A. (March 2011). "Efficiency of bio-indicators for low-level radiation under field conditions". Ecological Indicators. 11
Chernobyl_exclusion_zone
Transmission of sound through indirect pathways in buildings
measuring or predicting radiation efficiency, including both resonant and non-resonant components, as well as the radiation efficiency generated by airborne
Flanking_transmission
High-frequency radio antenna
inherent conductor loss in dielectric resonators. This leads to high radiation efficiency of the antenna. This feature is especially attractive for millimeter
Dielectric_resonator_antenna
Undesirable presence of radioactive substances
concentration of the contaminants, the energy of the radiation being emitted, the type of radiation, and the proximity of the contamination to organs of
Radioactive_contamination
phones, and various other electronic devices, emit radiation which consists of non-ionising radiation or radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF)
Wireless device radiation and health
Wireless_device_radiation_and_health
Device for concentrating solar radiation using luminescence
concentrating radiation, solar radiation in particular, to produce electricity. Luminescent solar concentrators operate on the principle of collecting radiation over
Luminescent solar concentrator
Luminescent_solar_concentrator
Acoustics of Friction
roughness noise. This noise is largely broad-band near the surface, and radiation efficiency and material geometry dictates which frequency content is radiated
Friction_Acoustics
2011 nuclear accident in Japan
of Atomic Radiation, "no adverse health effects among Fukushima residents have been documented that are directly attributable to radiation exposure from
Fukushima_nuclear_accident
Type of antenna
reflector is concave (ellipsoidal) in shape. Aperture efficiency over 70% can be achieved. The radiation pattern of the feed antenna has to be tailored to
Parabolic_antenna
Measurement for ionizing radiation
been measured as decayed. The efficiency of the radiation detector and its relative position to the source of radiation must be accounted for when relating
Counts_per_minute
The history of radiation protection begins at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries with the realization that ionizing radiation from natural and artificial
History of radiation protection
History_of_radiation_protection
Device used to produce electricity from light
example infrared detectors), to detect light or other electromagnetic radiation near the visible light range, as well as to measure light intensity. The
Solar_cell
Wireless specification for communication between medical devices
Maxim; Karban, Pavel; Sauleau, Ronan (2018-02-28). "Electromagnetic Radiation Efficiency of Body-Implanted Devices". Physical Review Applied. 9 (2) 024033
Medical Device Radiocommunications Service
Medical_Device_Radiocommunications_Service
Maximum possible efficiency of electrical power from sunlight
black-body radiation, the theoretical maximum efficiency is 43% whereas for a solar cell powered by the Sun's full concentrated radiation, the efficiency limit
Thermodynamic efficiency limit
Thermodynamic_efficiency_limit
Property of photosensitive devices
The quantum efficiency (QE) of a photodetector is a measure of its electrical response to light. Another name for it is incident photon to converted electron
Quantum_efficiency
Device designed to create radiative heat
through electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the temperature of the emitter, the wavelength of the peak of the infrared radiation ranges from 750 nm to
Infrared_heater
Quantitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources
beta-radiation. Thallium-doped sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) has two principal advantages: It can be produced in large crystals, yielding good efficiency, and
Gamma_spectroscopy
Device that transmits and receives radio waves
radio waves into a beam or other desired radiation pattern. Strong directivity and good transmitting efficiency when transmitting are hard to achieve with
Antenna_(radio)
Gas-filled radiation detector
measuring high levels of gamma radiation, such as in a radiation hot cell as they can tolerate prolonged periods in high radiation fields without degradation
Ionization_chamber
Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 1 m to 1 mm
Microwave is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than other radio waves but longer than infrared waves. Its wavelength ranges
Microwave
Use of multiple antennas in radio
recent technology is holographic MIMO to realize high energy and spectral efficiency with very high spatial resolution. Holographic MIMO is a key conceptual
MIMO
Radio station in Perth, Western Australia
equal radiation efficiency. This creates greater real estate requirements where the radiation system is located on the ground. Also efficiency is typically
ABC_Radio_Perth
Type of nuclear battery which generates electric current
isotope tritium. Unlike most nuclear power sources which use nuclear radiation to generate heat which then is used to generate electricity, betavoltaic
Betavoltaic_device
Signal processing technique for sensor arrays
different sensors is combined in a way where the expected pattern of radiation is preferentially observed. For example, in sonar, to send a sharp pulse
Beamforming
Atmospheric heat retention
shortwave radiation (sunlight) that passes through greenhouse gases to heat the Earth's surface. In response, the Earth's surface emits longwave radiation that
Greenhouse_effect
Gaseous ionization detector
to measure particles of ionizing radiation. The key feature is its ability to measure the energy of incident radiation, by producing a detector output
Proportional_counter
Ukrainian public nuclear company
power plants, radiation accidents in industry, compliance with the requirements of nuclear legislation, norms and rules on nuclear and radiation safety. In
Energoatom
1997 and 1999 Tōkai nuclear plant events
radioactive waste bituminisation facility. Over twenty people were exposed to radiation. The second was a criticality accident at a separate fuel reprocessing
Tokaimura_nuclear_accidents
Process that eliminates all biological agents on an object or in a volume
particulate radiation can be energetic enough to ionize atoms or molecules (ionizing radiation), or less energetic (non-ionizing radiation).[citation needed]
Sterilization_(microbiology)
Type of electrodeless gas-discharge lamp
The "system efficiency" for a high-efficiency plasma lamp is given by the last three variables, that is, it excludes the luminaire efficiency. Though plasma
Plasma_lamp
Electrical device
in the secondary winding. The ratio of loops in each winding and the efficiency of the coils' magnetic coupling determines the ratio of electrical potential
Balun
German international scientific organization
exposure to non-ionizing radiation. ICNIRP consists of a main commission which membership is limited to fourteen to ensure efficiency covering the fields of
International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
International_Commission_on_Non-Ionizing_Radiation_Protection
Electric current that periodically reverses direction
signal, but it is effectively canceled by radiation from the other wire, resulting in almost no radiation loss. Coaxial cables are commonly used at audio
Alternating_current
Antenna with a fractal shape
structure), of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume. Such fractal antennas are
Fractal_antenna
Mast in Kalundborg, Zealand
in the sea on the narrow Gisseløre peninsula, providing excellent radiation efficiency. Times given in Central European Time. Source: 06.00 - 06.05: News
Kalundborg_Transmitter
Ability of a cell to take up DNA
cells that may yield a transformation efficiency of over 1 billion. Damage to DNA – Exposure of DNA to UV radiation in standard preparative agarose gel
Transformation_efficiency
Assembly of photovoltaic cells used to generate electricity
conversion efficiency, including its reflectance, thermodynamic efficiency, charge carrier separation efficiency, charge carrier collection efficiency and conduction
Solar_panel
Laboratory Berkeley, California, and Oakland, California, US
fit-for-purpose processing. NAWI is supported primarily by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, partnering with the California Department of Water
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory
Substances which absorb radio frequency energy
science, radiation-absorbent material (RAM) is a material which has been specially designed and shaped to absorb incident radio frequency (RF) radiation (also
Radiation-absorbent_material
Use of mirror or lens assemblies to generate current from multi-junction solar cells
- Average Solar Radiation". Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2019. "PV Education - Solar Cell Efficiency". Archived from
Concentrator_photovoltaics
Direct conversion process from heat to electricity via photons
and Temit= ~1800 K, giving a maximum possible efficiency of ~83%. This assumes the PV converts the radiation into electrical energy without losses, such
Thermophotovoltaic energy conversion
Thermophotovoltaic_energy_conversion
the Space Radiation Environment" (PDF). 2006 IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC). See also slides Solar cell efficiency "Rosetta's
Solar_panels_on_spacecraft
Heat from a current in an electric conductor
lattice oscillations). The oscillations of the ions are the origin of the radiation ("thermal energy") that one measures in a typical experiment. Joule heating
Joule_heating
Measurement concept in nuclear physics
\epsilon } is the detection efficiency of the detector, P {\displaystyle P} is the emission probability of the radiation, and t {\displaystyle t} is the
Minimum_detectable_activity
Surface with certain thermo-radiative properties
temperature and/or efficiency. The selectivity is defined as the ratio of solar radiation absorption (αsol) to thermal infrared radiation emission (εtherm)
Selective_surface
Diode that emits light from an organic compound
crystalline p-n structure. Doping of OLEDs is used to increase radiative efficiency by direct modification of the quantum-mechanical optical recombination
OLED
RADIATION EFFICIENCY
RADIATION EFFICIENCY
Boy/Male
Hindu
Tradition, Culture
Boy/Male
Indian
Intercession, Mediation
Boy/Male
Muslim
Intercession, Mediation
Girl/Female
Hindu
Tradition, Culture
Boy/Male
Muslim
Mediation. Advocacy.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Tradition
Girl/Female
Danish, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Tradition
Boy/Male
Muslim
Mediation. Advocacy.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Tradition, Culture
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Variation
Girl/Female
Indian
Tradition
Girl/Female
Tamil
Ratnaprabha | ரதà¯à®¨à®ªà¯à®°à®ªà®¾
Radiation from the diamonds
Ratnaprabha | ரதà¯à®¨à®ªà¯à®°à®ªà®¾
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Tradition
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Tradition
Girl/Female
Gaelic, Indian, Kannada
Tradition
Girl/Female
Hindu
Radiation from the diamonds
Girl/Female
Tamil
Tradition, Culture
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Tradition
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Tradition
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Tradition
RADIATION EFFICIENCY
RADIATION EFFICIENCY
Girl/Female
Australian, British, German, Hindu, Indian, Russian
Impressive; Cute
Male
Hebrew
Pet form of English Lemuel and Hebrew Lemuwel, LEMMY means "by God" or "for God."Â
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
The One who Lead
Girl/Female
Indian
Ruler of the World
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Beautiful; Glorious
Surname or Lastname
English
English : origin uncertain. Perhaps a variant spelling of Weedon.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
One who confirms or verifies another
Female
Japanese
(ナナ) Japanese name NANA means "seven." Compare with other forms of Nana.
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Memory
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Pashtun
Light
RADIATION EFFICIENCY
RADIATION EFFICIENCY
RADIATION EFFICIENCY
RADIATION EFFICIENCY
RADIATION EFFICIENCY
adv.
Without variation.
n.
Radiation of light.
n.
The measurement of the force of solar radiation.
n.
The act of radiating, or the state of being radiated; emission and diffusion of rays of light; beamy brightness.
n.
The act of varying; a partial change in the form, position, state, or qualities of a thing; modification; alternation; mutation; diversity; deviation; as, a variation of color in different lights; a variation in size; variation of language.
n.
Emission of radiance.
a.
Pertaining to mediation; used in mediation; as, mediative efforts.
n.
The act of progressing by regular steps or orderly arrangement; the state of being graded or arranged in ranks; as, the gradation of castes.
n.
The act of graduating, or the state of being graduated; as, graduation of a scale; graduation at a college; graduation in color; graduation by evaporation; the graduation of a bird's tail, etc.
a.
Capable of radiating; acting by radiation.
n.
Variety; gradation; degree.
n.
That which radiates or emits rays, whether of light or heat; especially, that part of a heating apparatus from which the heat is radiated or diffused; as, a steam radiator.
n.
The process of taking root, or state of being rooted; as, the radication of habits.
adv.
By tradition.
n.
Eradication.
n.
The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like the diverging rays of light; as, the radiation of heat.
a.
Radiating; radiant.
v. t.
To transmit by way of tradition; to hand down.
n.
Mediation.
n.
The disposition of the roots of a plant.