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Ethical belief that actions are morally good only if they benefit others
version of altruism calls for living for the sake of others. One who holds to either of these ethics is known as an "altruist". The word "altruism" (French:
Altruism_(ethics)
Philosophical and social movement
Effective altruism (EA) is a 21st-century philosophical and social movement that advocates impartially calculating benefits and prioritizing causes to
Effective_altruism
Behaviour that increases the fitness of another while decreasing the fitness of self
In biology, altruism is behaviour by an individual that increases the fitness of another individual while decreasing their own. Altruism in this sense
Altruism_(biology)
Concern for the well-being of others
Altruism is concern for the well-being, the life, of others independently of personal benefit or reciprocity. The word altruism was popularised (and possibly
Altruism
Ethical theory
those who are cared for. Altruism Ecofeminism Ethical relationship Feminist epistemology Feminist ethics Feminist justice ethics I and Thou Intersubjectivity
Ethics_of_care
Philosophical study of morality
normative ethics, applied ethics, and metaethics. Normative ethics aims to find general principles that govern how people should act. Applied ethics examines
Ethics
Virtue linked with basic ethics
of altruism towards individuals included in humanity more so than in the fairness found in justice. That is, humanity, and the acts of love, altruism, and
Humanity_(virtue)
Social norm of reciprocating actions
expectation of future reward). For more information on this idea, see altruism or altruism (ethics). Reciprocity dates as far back as the time of Hammurabi (c.
Reciprocity (social psychology)
Reciprocity_(social_psychology)
Scottish philosopher and ethicist (born 1987)
philosopher and author, as well as one of the originators of the effective altruism movement. He was a Research Fellow at the Global Priorities Institute at
William_MacAskill
View that people should only act in their own self-interest
accepts the ethics of altruism, his first concern is not how to live his life but how to sacrifice it." Moreover, "[t]he basic principle of altruism is that
Ethical_egoism
Ethical philosophy
Journal of Mass Media Ethics. 9 (2): 100–108. doi:10.1207/s15327728jmme0902_4. Retrieved 8 January 2023. Stark, Oded (1989). "Altruism and the Quality of
Enlightened_self-interest
Australian philosopher (born 1979)
their income to effective charities, and is a key figure in the effective altruism movement, which promotes using reason and evidence to help the lives of
Toby_Ord
Philosophical and social movement
media profiles. Effective accelerationism, a portmanteau of "effective altruism" and "accelerationism", is a fundamentally techno-optimist movement. According
Effective_accelerationism
In the philosophy of effective altruism, an altruistic act such as charitable giving is considered more effective, or cost-effective, if it uses a set
Psychological barriers to effective altruism
Psychological_barriers_to_effective_altruism
Ethical theory of Immanuel Kant
Kantian ethics refers to a deontological ethical theory developed by German philosopher Immanuel Kant that is based on the notion that "I ought never to
Kantian_ethics
Personal value, basis for ethical action
In ethics and social sciences, value denotes the degree of importance of something or an action, with the aim of determining which actions are best to
Value_(ethics)
1981 book by Peter Singer
between reason and ethics. Singer discusses the relationship between biological capacity for altruism and morality. He argues that altruism, when directed
The_Expanding_Circle
Application of ethical principles to the area of business activities
Business ethics (also known as corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical
Business_ethics
Hypothetical agent surpassing human intelligence
takeover Artificial brain Artificial intelligence arms race Effective altruism Ethics of artificial intelligence Existential risk Friendly artificial intelligence
Superintelligence
Standard, doctrine or system of conduct
deontological ethics, sometimes distinguish between ethics and morality. Philosopher Simon Blackburn writes: Although the morality of people and their ethics amounts
Morality
Work on ethics by Aristotle
Nicomachean Ethics (/ˌnaɪkɒməˈkiən, ˌnɪ-/; Ancient Greek: Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια, Ēthika Nikomacheia) is Aristotle's best-known work on ethics: the science
Nicomachean_Ethics
Normative ethical theories
Virtue ethics (also aretaic ethics, from Greek ἀρετή [aretḗ]) is a philosophical approach that treats dispositional virtue and character as the primary
Virtue_ethics
Proposed ideological bundle
Rationalism (denoting the ideology of the rationalist community), Effective Altruism, and Longtermism. Gebru and Torres argue that these ideologies should be
TESCREAL
Principle of treating others reciprocally
others as one would want to be treated by them. It is sometimes called an ethics of reciprocity, meaning that one should reciprocate to others how one would
Golden_Rule
American nonprofit executive
Karnofsky is ethnically Jewish. Karnofsky identifies with the effective altruism and has both represented and engaged with the movement.[citation needed]
Holden_Karnofsky
Emergence of human moral behavior over the course of human evolution
develop complex cooperative behaviors—often involving self-restraint, altruism, or even reproductive sacrifice—because group living dramatically increases
Evolution_of_morality
1964 book by Ayn Rand
identification and validation of egoism as a rational code of ethics, the destructiveness of altruism, and the nature of a proper government. The book contains
The_Virtue_of_Selfishness
Australian moral philosopher (born 1946)
Good You Can Do: How Effective Altruism Is Changing Ideas About Living Ethically. Yale University Press, 2015. Ethics in the Real World: 82 Brief Essays
Peter_Singer
elections Computer ethics Dead internet theory Data colonialism Effective altruism, the long term future and global catastrophic risks Ethics of uncertain sentience
Ethics of artificial intelligence
Ethics_of_artificial_intelligence
Ethical theory based on maximizing well-being
and wrong. Unlike other forms of consequentialism, such as egoism and altruism, egalitarian utilitarianism considers either the interests of all humanity
Utilitarianism
Practical application of moral considerations
solving practical problems. Economic ethics – Application of ethical principles to economic phenomena Effective altruism – Philosophical and social movement
Applied_ethics
Pursuit of high income to donate more
portion of earned income, typically because of a desire to do effective altruism. Advocates of earning to give contend that maximizing the amount one can
Earning_to_give
Moral behaviours of man-made machines
Machine ethics (or machine morality, computational morality, or computational ethics) is a part of the ethics of artificial intelligence concerned with
Machine_ethics
Overview of and topical guide to ethics
following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ethics. Ethics (also known as moral philosophy) is the branch of philosophy that involves
Outline_of_ethics
Relationship between the guest and the host, or the art or practice of being hospitable
augmenting or decreasing the volume of sales of an organization. Hospitality ethics is a discipline that studies this usage of hospitality. "Hospitality" derives
Hospitality
Branch of philosophy concerned with population changes
Population ethics is the philosophical study of the ethical problems arising when actions affect who is born and how many people are born in the future
Population_ethics
Moral virtue and practice
uncompromising adherence to strong moral and ethical principles and values. In ethics, integrity is regarded as the honesty and truthfulness or earnestness of
Integrity
1751 book by Scottish enlightenment philosopher David Hume (1711–1776)
published in 1751, three years after the first Enquiry. Hume first discusses ethics in A Treatise of Human Nature (in Book 3 - "Of Morals"). He later extracted
An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals
An_Enquiry_Concerning_the_Principles_of_Morals
Philosophical system developed by Ayn Rand
her rejection of the ethical doctrine of altruism—which she defined in the sense of Auguste Comte's altruism (he popularized the term), as a moral obligation
Objectivism
Philosophy concerning self-regarding motivations or behaviour
Brosnahan, Timothy (1907). "Altruism". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 19, 2020 – via New Advent. "Altriusm (ethics)". Encyclopædia Britannica
Egoism
Voluntary giving of help to those in need
cause-neutral approach that distinguishes effective altruism from traditional altruism or charity. Effective altruism is part of the larger movement towards evidence-based
Charity_(practice)
Ethical theory based on consequences
along with eudaimonism, falls under the broader category of teleological ethics, a group of views which claim that the moral value of any act consists in
Consequentialism
Voluntarily prosocial behaviour
sharing, comforting, rescuing and helping). Altruism is distinguished from helping behavior in this way: Altruism refers to prosocial behaviors that are carried
Helping_behavior
2015 book by Peter Singer
The Most Good You Can Do: How Effective Altruism Is Changing Ideas About Living Ethically is a 2015 Yale University Press book by moral philosopher and
The_Most_Good_You_Can_Do
Broadening of moral consideration
psychological measure of altruism that developed from thinking about moral circle expansion. Ethics of uncertain sentience – Area of applied ethics Evolution of morality –
Moral_circle_expansion
American philosopher, historian, and author (born 1982)
transhumanism, extropianism, singularitarianism, cosmism, rationalism, effective altruism, and longtermism. Torres grew up in Maryland. They were raised in a fundamentalist
Émile_P._Torres
Ethical views prioritising the reduction of suffering
judgment that procreation is unethical Buddhist ethics – Ethics and code of conduct in Buddhism Effective altruism – Philosophical and social movement Eradication
Suffering-focused_ethics
Person's exterior actions or deeds
the free dictionary. Wikiquote has quotations related to Good works. Altruism (ethics) Biblical law in Christianity Conditional preservation of the saints
Good_works
Branch of philosophy of science
novel Atlas Hugged (2021) both examine evolutionary ethics, exploring prosocial behavior (altruism) versus selfish behavior. Evolutionary aesthetics is
Philosophy_of_evolution
Study of evolution on morality or ethics
Evolutionary ethics is a field of inquiry that explores how evolutionary theory might bear on our understanding of ethics or morality. The range of issues
Evolutionary_ethics
Principle that an action is rational if it maximizes one's self-interest
Conversely, Rand was sharply critical of the ethical doctrine of altruism: Do not confuse altruism with kindness, good will or respect for the rights of others
Rational_egoism
Moral quality of truthfulness
William Wollaston argued that all religion ultimately reduces to ethics and all ethics reduces to honesty (The Religion of Nature Delineated, 1722). “[E]very
Honesty
Philosophical paradox about pleasure-seeking
balance hedonism with good acts and intentions, thus "earning" the pleasure. Altruism Anti-consumerism Cognitive dissonance Crab mentality Dukkha Easterlin paradox
Paradox_of_hedonism
Personality trait
commonly grouped under agreeableness include trust, straightforwardness, altruism, helpfulness, modesty, and tender-mindedness. As is the case with all Big
Agreeableness
Insects in ethics concerns ethical views about the moral status and treatment of insects, including whether humans have obligations to avoid harming or
Insects_in_ethics
Descriptive ethical view that people are always motivated by self-interest
motivated by self-interest and selfishness, even in what seem to be acts of altruism. It claims that, when people choose to help others, they do so ultimately
Psychological_egoism
American animal advocacy nonprofit
Animal Ethics (AE) is an American nonprofit organization based in Oakland, California. Founded in 2012 by Daniel Dorado, Oscar Horta, and Leah McKelvie
Animal_Ethics_(organization)
Philosopher and writer (born 1973)
his work on existential risk, the anthropic principle, human enhancement ethics, whole brain emulation, superintelligence risks, and the reversal test.
Nick_Bostrom
Interdisciplinary field of study
moral diversity, moral character (especially as related to virtue ethics), altruism, psychological egoism, moral luck, moral forecasting, moral emotion
Moral_psychology
1991. "U.S. AID's Democratic Pluralism Initiative: Pragmatism or Altruism?" Ethics and International Affairs 1991. "The Rationality of Collective Political
Jerrold_D._Green
Moral considerations for individuals near death
beneficence requires active efforts to improve patient welfare. While rooted in altruism and ethical responsibility, it also serves as a form of reciprocity for
End-of-life_ethics
Meta-ethical view
organisation. Altruism Consequentialism Consequentialist libertarianism Cornell realism Ethical egoism Evolutionary ethics Hedonism Humanistic ethics Natural
Ethical_naturalism
Chinese ethical and philosophical system
Schools of Thought era (c. 500 BCE), Confucianism integrates philosophy, ethics, and social governance, with a core focus on virtue, social harmony, and
Confucianism
American philosopher (born 1937)
contributions to liberal moral and political theory in The Possibility of Altruism (1970) and subsequent writings. He continued the critique of reductionism
Thomas_Nagel
Absence of guilt, also a legal term, and a lack of experience
Inventory of Strengths Yamas Individual virtues Accountability Alertness Altruism Authenticity Calmness Charisma Charity Chastity Chivalry Civility Cleanliness
Innocence
Virtues of mind and character
prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance. They form a virtue theory of ethics. The term cardinal comes from the Latin cardo (hinge); these four virtues
Cardinal_virtues
Concern for self above that of others
pleasure, or welfare, regardless of others. Selfishness is the opposite of altruism or selflessness, and has also been contrasted (as by C. S. Lewis) with
Selfishness
Greek word for love
has also been considered in the contexts of other religions, religious ethics, and science. Liddell–Scott–Jones (LSJ) Lexicon lists many instances of
Agape
help the genocide victims survive. In many cases, they are motivated by altruism and/or humanitarianism. The best-studied example of this phenomenon is
Rescuer_(genocide)
American AI researcher and writer (born 1979)
American artificial intelligence researcher and writer on decision theory and ethics, known for popularizing ideas related to friendly artificial intelligence
Eliezer_Yudkowsky
Problem in ethics
paradox (also known as the repugnant conclusion) is a problem in population ethics identified by Derek Parfit and discussed in his book Reasons and Persons
Mere_addition_paradox
American philosopher (1929–2022)
compassion, altruism, and peaceful human relationships. Nel Noddings's approach to ethics of care has been described as relational ethics because it prioritizes
Nel_Noddings
Family of views prioritizing pleasure
comes from selfish drives on which all secondary motivation, including altruism, depends. Critics of psychological hedonism often cite apparent counterexamples
Hedonism
Philosophical view which prioritises the long-term future
future is a key moral priority. It is an important concept in effective altruism and a primary motivation for efforts that aim to reduce existential risks
Longtermism
Irish sociologist
His research interests include the social basis of self-interest and altruism, the organization of exchange in human goods (like blood, organs, eggs
Kieran_Healy
2015 book by Larissa MacFarquhar
20 children. MacFarquhar explores the concepts of morality, effective altruism and utilitarianism, alternating chapters between profiles and essays on
Strangers_Drowning
2005–2024 Oxford University research centre
Ord. Sharing an office and working closely with the Centre for Effective Altruism, the institute's stated objective was to focus research where it can make
Future_of_Humanity_Institute
2022 book by William MacAskill
in philosophy at the University of Oxford. It advocates for effective altruism and the philosophy of longtermism, which MacAskill defines as "the idea
What_We_Owe_the_Future
Proposed mechanism of evolution
S. Haldane proposed the concept of kin selection, a form of biological altruism from the gene-centered view of evolution, arguing that animals should sacrifice
Group_selection
Thought experiment critiquing utilitarianism
The utility monster is a thought experiment in the study of ethics created by philosopher Robert Nozick in 1974 as a criticism of utilitarianism. A hypothetical
Utility_monster
1971 essay by Peter Singer
founder of the effective altruism movement. In 2015, The New Republic noted the influence of Singer's essay on effective altruism. The "drowning child" analogy
Famine, Affluence, and Morality
Famine,_Affluence,_and_Morality
Application of ethical principles to economic phenomena
Economic ethics is the combination of economics and ethics, incorporating both disciplines to predict, analyze, and model economic phenomena. It can be
Economic_ethics
Russian-American philosopher (1905–1982)
and religion. She supported rational and ethical egoism as opposed to altruism and hedonism. In politics, she condemned the initiation of force as immoral
Ayn_Rand
Blog focused on psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, and futurism
Rethink Charity of how effective altruists first heard about effective altruism, after "personal contact", "LessWrong", and "other books, articles and
Slate_Star_Codex
English philosopher and feminist (born 1966)
editions of In Our Time, BBC Radio 4, on Virtue (2002), Pragmatism (2005), Altruism (2006) and Guilt (2007) "People". New York Institute of Philosophy, New
Miranda_Fricker
Measure of evolutionary success
behaviour, alongside the less prevalent reciprocity (see also reciprocal altruism), and to be of particular importance in enabling the evolution of eusociality
Inclusive_fitness
American clinical professor of neurosurgery
Stanford University and founder and director of the Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education, an affiliate of the Stanford Neurosciences Institute
James_Doty_(physician)
Morality that is based on human nature
concludes that moral sense is based on the species' sociability, notably altruism. In Darwin's view, empathy lays as the foundation for our actions, as opposed
Natural_morality
American cryptocurrency entrepreneur and criminal (born 1992)
Berkeley, California, where he worked briefly at the Centre for Effective Altruism (CEA) as director of development from October to November 2017. In November
Sam_Bankman-Fried
Movement or motivation to help others
and resolve. It is often, though not inevitably, the key component in altruism. The difference between sympathy and compassion is that the former responds
Compassion
Nonprofit organization that promotes effective giving
Giving What We Can (GWWC) is an effective altruism nonprofit that promotes effective giving through education, outreach, and advocacy around the 10% Pledge
Giving_What_We_Can
Latin phrase meaning 'love of fate'
Inventory of Strengths Yamas Individual virtues Accountability Alertness Altruism Authenticity Calmness Charisma Charity Chastity Chivalry Civility Cleanliness
Amor_fati
American grantmaking foundation
related academic fields). Notable grantees include the Centre for Effective Altruism, Kurzgesagt, and several academics funded to develop courses on relevant
Coefficient_Giving
Logical fallacy
the context of “values,” “desires,” “self-interest” and ethics. Rand also identified altruism as a package deal when it is regarded as synonymous with
Package-deal_fallacy
Flavour of utilitarianism
Act utilitarianism is a utilitarian theory of ethics that states that the morally right action is the one that produces the best results in that specific
Act_utilitarianism
2016 book by Paul Bloom
his case for "rational compassion" by discussing acts of kindness and altruism. Bloom believes that people "can make decisions based on considerations
Against_Empathy
Philosophical book by Peter K. Unger
the violinist. Effective altruism Notes Singer, Peter (2002). Kuhse, Helga (ed.). Unsanctifying human life: essays on ethics. New York: Blackwell. pp
Living_High_and_Letting_Die
Abstract state of being clean and free from dirt
University Press. ch. 1. ISBN 978-0192853431. Portmann, John (2013). The Ethics of Sex and Alzheimer's. Taylor & Francis. pp. 13–18. ISBN 9781135122126
Cleanliness
Ability to understand or feel what another is feeling
1093/brain/awn279. PMID 18971202. de Waal FB (2008). "Putting the altruism back into altruism: the evolution of empathy" (PDF). Annual Review of Psychology
Empathy
Algorithm in utilitarian ethics
Methods of Ethics (1874) Better-World Philosophy (1899) Related topics Effective altruism Game theory Neoclassical economics Population ethics Rational
Felicific_calculus
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ALTRUISM ETHICS
ALTRUISM ETHICS
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Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Good Ethics and Moral Values
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Ethics
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Altruism; Advantage; Virtue; Accord; Heart; Warm and Loving; For You are Blessed with Many
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Hindu
Good ethics and moral values
Girl/Female
Indian
Altruism, Advantage, Virtue, Accord, Heart, Warm and loving. heart, Warm and loving. for you are blessed with many
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Good Ethics and Moral Values
Girl/Female
Tamil
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Altruism, Advantage, Virtue, Accord, Heart, Warm and loving. heart, Warm and loving. for you are blessed with many
Aavihshka | ஆவீஹà¯à®·à¯à®•à®¾
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Sanskar | ஸஂஸà¯à®•à®¾à®°
Good ethics and moral values
Sanskar | ஸஂஸà¯à®•à®¾à®°
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Tamil
Samskara | ஸமà¯à®¸à¯à®•à®¾à®°à®¾
Ethics
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Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Have Manner; Good Ethics and Moral Values
ALTRUISM ETHICS
ALTRUISM ETHICS
ALTRUISM ETHICS
ALTRUISM ETHICS
ALTRUISM ETHICS
ALTRUISM ETHICS
ALTRUISM ETHICS
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