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Cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat
energy as fat. Adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal stem cells which give rise to adipocytes through adipogenesis. In cell culture, adipocyte progenitors
Adipocyte
Loose connective tissue composed mostly by adipocytes
body fat or simply fat) is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes. It also contains the stromal vascular fraction of cells including preadipocytes
Adipose_tissue
Protein found in humans
Adipocyte protein 2 (aP2) is a carrier protein for fatty acids that is primarily expressed in adipocytes and macrophages. aP2 is also called fatty acid
Adipocyte_protein_2
Metabolism involving breakdown of lipids
mobilize stored energy during fasting or exercise, and usually occurs in fat adipocytes. Fat storage in the body is through adipose tryglicerides and is utilized
Lipolysis
Process of stem cells differentiating into fat cells
Adipogenesis is the formation of adipocytes (fat cells) from stem cells. It involves 2 phases, determination, and terminal differentiation. Determination
Adipogenesis
Type of adipose tissue
deposits. The second develops from white adipocytes that are stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system. These adipocytes are found interspersed in white adipose
Brown_adipose_tissue
Family of microRNA precursors found in animals
shown to be downregulated during the differentiation of adipocytes. miR-27 inhibits adipocyte formation when overexpressed, acting by blocking the expression
MiR-27
Class of enzymes
lipogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis, inhibition of adipocyte lipogenesis, inhibition of adipocyte lipolysis, and modulation of insulin secretion by pancreatic
AMP-activated_protein_kinase
Cell line used in biological research
conditions, the cells differentiate into an adipocyte-like phenotype, providing an exemplar model for white adipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells can be utilized to study
3T3-L1
Precursor cell for an adipocyte (fat cell)
A lipoblast is a precursor cell for an adipocyte. Alternate terms include adipoblast and preadipocyte. Early stages are almost indistinguishable from
Lipoblast
Protein-coding gene in humans
Adipocyte Enhancer-Binding Protein is a zinc finger protein that in humans is encoded by the evolutionarily well-conserved gene AEBP2. It was initially
AEBP2
Form of liver parenchymal cell death
differentiated from adipocyte-like cells by their cytoplasm and nucleus; ballooned cells have their nucleus in the centre (unlike adipocyte-like cells, which
Ballooning_degeneration
Multipotent adult stem cells present in multiple tissues
(bone-making cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue). The primary function
Mesenchymal_stem_cell
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
as a transcription coregulator that controls the development of brown adipocytes in brown adipose tissue. Previously, this coregulator was believed to
PRDM16
Organ covering the outside of the human body
tissue and elastin. The main cell types are fibroblasts, macrophages and adipocytes (subcutaneous tissue contains 50% of body fat). Fat serves as padding
Human_skin
Protein in humans
(LDs) in adipocytes, the fat-storing cells in adipose tissue. In fact, PLIN1 is greatly expressed in white adipocytes. It controls adipocyte lipid metabolism
Perilipin-1
Surgical modification of the eyelids
removal, or the repositioning (or both) of excess tissues, such as skin and adipocyte fat, and the reinforcement of the corresponding muscle and tendon tissues
Blepharoplasty
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
skeletal muscle, and brown adipose tissue. PLIN4 coats lipid droplets in adipocytes to protect them from lipases. The PLIN4 gene may be associated with insulin
Perilipin-4
Lipid-rich cellular organelle found mainly in adipose tissue
lipid droplets ranges from 0.1–5 μm in non-adipocyte cells, but increases to over 100 μm in white adipocytes. Research on lipid droplet function has proved
Lipid_droplet
Surgical procedure
surgeon. To augment the volume of the breast hemisphere with autologous adipocyte tissue, the surgeon injects the woman's refined body-fat into the skin
Breast_augmentation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
GLUT5 is also expressed in skeletal muscle, testis, kidney, fat tissue (adipocytes), and brain. Fructose malabsorption or Dietary Fructose Intolerance is
GLUT5
Biological tissue housed in bone
agents such as bisphosphonates, teriparatide, and metformin. Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) originate from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) progenitors that also
Bone_marrow_adipose_tissue
Form of programmed cell death
Long-term live cell imaging (12h) of multinucleated mouse pre-Adipocyte trying to undergo mitosis. Due to the excess of genetic material the cell fails
Apoptosis
Connective tissue composed of reticular collagen fibers
Composition Cells Resident Fibroblast Fibrocyte Reticular cell Tendon cell Adipocyte Melanocyte Wandering cells Mast cell Macrophage Extracellular matrix Ground
Reticular_connective_tissue
Cell lines of mouse embryonic fibroblasts
model systems for studying cell proliferation, cancer transformation, and adipocyte differentiation. Over the decades, 3T3 cells have given rise to multiple
3T3_cells
British physiologist
clarified that the development paths of brown and white adipocytes are separate, with brown adipocytes showing characteristics of skeletal muscle early in
Barbara_Cannon
Type of lipid raft in endocytosis
feature of many vertebrate cell types, especially endothelial cells, adipocytes and embryonic notochord cells. They were originally discovered by E. Yamada
Caveolae
Mammalian protein found in humans
differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes (Scherer PE et al.). In 1996 it was characterised in mice as the mRNA transcript most highly expressed in adipocytes. In 2007, adiponectin
Adiponectin
Mammalian protein found in humans
in response to factors released by macrophages, T cells and fat cells (adipocytes). It is a member of the pentraxin family of proteins. It is not related
C-reactive_protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
active in inhibiting adipogenesis, the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into adipocytes. It is a member of the EGF-like family of homeotic proteins. Part
DLK1
Tumor originating in adipose (fat) tissue
subtypes or forms. Liposarcomas arise from the precursor lipoblasts of the adipocytes (i.e. fat cells) in adipose (i.e. fat) tissues. Adipose tissues are distributed
Liposarcoma
Physical effects resulting from activation of the immune system
chronic inflammation. IL-6 Cytokine and Myokine Macrophages, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and smooth muscle cells (cytokine) Skeletal muscle cells (myokine) Pro-inflammatory
Inflammation
Cancer of plasma cells
DeCicco-Skinner K (31 August 2023). "Unlocking Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma: Adipocytes as Modulators of Treatment Response". Cancers. 15 (17): 4347. doi:10
Multiple_myeloma
Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates
layer. It is composed of adipocytes, which are grouped together in lobules separated by connective tissue. The number of adipocytes varies among different
Subcutaneous_tissue
PPARy2 in OP9 cells confirm their adipocyte differentiation potential. In addition, OP9 cells can express adipocyte late marker proteins, including glucose
OP9_cell
Family of enzymes
PDE inhibitors Inhibitors ligands → Gi-GPCRs or PDE stimulators Effects adipocyte epinephrine → β-adrenergic receptor glucagon → Glucagon receptor enhance
Protein_kinase_A
Chemical compound
Benedikt; et al. (2016). "Quantitative assessment of adipocyte differentiation in cell culture". Adipocyte. 5 (4): 351–358. doi:10.1080/21623945.2016.1240137
Oil_Red_O
Species of flowering plant
Properties in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal cells via Regulation of Adipocyte and Osteoblast Differentiation". Stem Cells International. 2021: 1–17
Ligustrum_japonicum
Type of biological tissue in animals
in the body water. The cells of connective tissue include fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, mast cells and leukocytes. The term "connective tissue"
Connective_tissue
Mammalian protein found in humans
FoxO1 is repressed from localizing to the nucleus by deacetylation in adipocytes. Upregulation of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL) was successfully achieved
Adipose_triglyceride_lipase
Medical condition
eye muscles, and those fibroblasts can differentiate into fat cells (adipocytes). Fat cells and muscles expand and become inflamed. Veins become compressed
Graves'_ophthalmopathy
Class of animals with milk-producing glands
sebaceous gland, (4) Arrector pili muscle, (5) dermis, (6) hair follicle, (7) sweat gland. Not labeled, the bottom layer: hypodermis, showing round adipocytes
Mammal
Form of adipose tissue
in humans, mice, and rats. Direct effects of estrogen in adipose cells(adipocytes) includes modulation of cellular differentiation and proliferation, lipolysis
Estrogenic_fat
Nuclear receptor protein found in humans
The protein encoded by this gene is PPAR-gamma and is a regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor_gamma
of smaller adipocytes was correlated with the ability to store more fat, some evidence suggests the opposite—those with smaller adipocytes having a worse
Adipose tissue expandability hypothesis
Adipose_tissue_expandability_hypothesis
Protein family binding to β-galactoside sugars
that caused by UV radiation. Galectin-12 expression induces apoptosis of adipocytes. Galectin-3 has been shown to be the only galectin with anti-apoptotic
Galectin
Fatty tissue composed of white adipocytes
brown adipose tissue. White adipose tissue is composed of monolocular adipocytes. In humans, the healthy amount of white adipose tissue varies with age
White_adipose_tissue
Benign tumor originating in fat cells under the skin
Lipoblastoma Lipoblastoma. Note the plexiform vascular pattern and small immature adipocytes. Specialty Oncology
Lipoblastoma
One-humped camel
lipids and adaptation of camel to food and water shortage: new data on adipocyte size and plasma leptin". In Faye, B.; Esenov, P. (eds.). Desertification
Dromedary
Group of nuclear receptor proteins
Gong Z, Sheng X, Li Z, Zhang W, Qin Y (2006). "Berberine inhibits 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation through the PPARgamma pathway". Biochemical and Biophysical
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor
Class of chemical compounds
repression of specific genes is an increase in the storage of fatty acids in adipocytes, thereby decreasing the amount of fatty acids present in circulation.
Thiazolidinedione
Species of aquatic flowering plant
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn and Their Effects on Glucose Consumption in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 15 (3): 3481–3494. doi:10
Nelumbo_nucifera
Parameter of solute diffusion
1023/A:1011826525684. PMC 3456399. PMID 23345733. Elliott, C.; H. Joseph Goren (1984). "Adipocyte Insulin-binding Species: The 40 Å Stoke's Radius Protein". Biochemistry
Stokes_radius
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Group XVI phospholipase A2 also commonly known as adipocyte phospholipase A2 (AdPLA) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G16 gene. This
HRASLS3
Organic acid
(GPCR). Such activation of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1) in adipocyte causes inhibition of lipolysis. Meanwhile, such activation in brain causes
Lactic_acid
American diabetes researcher
Medicine. Ahima's research focuses on central and peripheral actions of adipocyte hormones in energy homeostasis, and glucose and lipid metabolism. Rexford
Rexford_S._Ahima
Monoamine neurotransmitter
Serotonin also regulates white and brown adipose tissue function, and adipocytes are capable of producing 5-HT separately from the gut. Serotonin increases
Serotonin
Medical condition
Typical micro-histologic features of ARVC/D. Ongoing myocyte death (upper) with early fibrosis and adipocyte infiltration (lower). Specialty Cardiology
Arrhythmogenic_cardiomyopathy
Set of biological processes
glycerol and chylomicron remnants. The fatty acids are absorbed by the adipocytes[citation needed], but the glycerol and chylomicron remnants remain in
Fatty_acid_metabolism
Class of phospholipids
used as a laboratory detergent,102,103 was just as potent at causing adipocyte lysis and cell death as the complete phosphatidylcholine formula, which
Phosphatidylcholine
Hormone that inhibits hunger
also known as obese protein, is a protein hormone predominantly made by adipocytes (cells of adipose tissue). Its primary role is likely to regulate long-term
Leptin
Hereditary adipose tissue disorder
the body's inability to properly metabolize fat Increase in fat cells (adipocytes) Enzymatic defect or a change in the surface of the cells that could prevent
Familial_multiple_lipomatosis
Distefano and Davies reported a scaffold modification of a recombinant adipocyte lipid-binding protein (ALBP) with iodoacetamido-1,10-phenanthroline coordinating
Artificial_metalloenzyme
Enzyme
triphosphate (ATP), which is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Adipocytes lack glycerol kinase so they cannot metabolize the glycerol produced during
Glycerol_kinase
All of the contents of a cell including organelles but excluding the nucleus
fatty acids and sterols. Lipid droplets make up much of the volume of adipocytes, which are specialized lipid-storage cells, but they are also found in
Cytoplasm
Type of white blood cell
indicate that this effect is indirectly exerted through the modulation of adipocyte function, and not through direct Beta-2 adrenergic receptor activation
Macrophage
Chinese neuroscientist
His research, supervised by Kan Liao, was on the molecular mechanism of adipocyte differentiation. In 2003, he earned his doctorate and moved to the University
Qiu_Zilong
Histological staining method
structures also tend to remain clear; these are usually rich in fats, e.g. adipocytes, myelin around neuron axons, and Golgi apparatus membranes.[citation needed]
H&E_stain
Class of enzymes
is repressed during adipocyte differentiation. Lipin is phosphorylated in response to insulin in skeletal muscle and adipocytes, linking the physiologic
Phosphatidate_phosphatase
adenology adip- of or relating to fat or fatty tissue Latin adeps, adip-, fat adipocyte adren- of or relating to the adrenal glands Latin ad + rēnēs, kidneys
List of medical roots and affixes
List_of_medical_roots_and_affixes
Class of G protein-coupled receptors
selective beta 3-adrenergic receptor antagonist SR 59230A in rat brown adipocytes". Molecular Pharmacology. 49 (1): 7–14. PMID 8569714. Archived from the
Adrenergic_receptor
Medical condition
different mechanisms of pathogenesis. Normally, adipose tissues contain adipocytes to store fat for energy during fasting period and release leptin to regulate
Acquired generalized lipodystrophy
Acquired_generalized_lipodystrophy
Non-invasive non-surgical technique
cells, apparently by inducing lipolysis, rupture and cell death among adipocytes. The stated aim of mesotherapy is to provide the skin with essential nutrients
Mesotherapy
George R. Cowgill Professor of Medicine at the Yale School of Medicine
team showed that suppression occurs mainly through inhibition of white adipocyte lipolysis, reducing glycerol and fatty acid flux to the liver. This leads
Gerald_I._Shulman
Any medical condition that affects the integumentary system
panniculus carnosus. The main cellular component of this tissue is the adipocyte, or fat cell. The structure of this tissue is composed of septal (i.e
Skin_condition
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(ADRP) was first characterized as an mRNA molecule that express early in adipocyte differentiation. The full length cDNA was cloned by rapid amplification
Perilipin-2
Macrophages present in adipose tissue
adipose tissue. Besides adipocytes, adipose tissue contains the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of cells that includes pre-adipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular
Adipose_tissue_macrophages
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
first selective β3-adrenergic receptor antagonist SR 59230A in rat brown adipocytes". Mol. Pharmacol. 49 (1): 7–14. PMID 8569714. Bexis S, Docherty JR (April
Beta-3_adrenergic_receptor
Part of the female primate torso that has mammary glands
Endocrine-Related Cancer. 13 (2): 279–92. doi:10.1677/erc.1.00729. PMID 16728564. Adipocytes make up the bulk of the human breast, with epithelial cells accounting
Breast
Protein in humans
to its marked stimulating action on triacylglycerol synthesis in human adipocytes and skin fibroblasts. ASP is also known for its augmentation of glucose
Acylation_stimulating_protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
from the adipocyte. RAB11FIP1 expression, which is increased with increasing BMI in humans, inhibits the release of adiponectin from the adipocyte, potentially
RAB11FIP1
Human protein and coding gene
show no change in white adipocytes, but do display reduced expression of the marker genes directly involved in brown adipocyte expression. Tbx15 is noteworthy
TBX15
Protein-coding gene in humans
death-inducing DFFA (DNA fragmentation factor-alpha)-like effector A (CIDEA) in adipocyte lipolysis and obesity". Diabetes. 54 (6): 1726–34. doi:10.2337/diabetes
CIDEA
progenitors, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. DPSCs were found to be able to differentiate into adipocytes and neural-like cells. DPSC differentiation
Dental_pulp_stem_cell
Application of growing 3D tissue
organogenesis of white adipose tissue (WAT) can be simulated from primary cells. Adipocyte-depleted stromal vascular fraction (SVF) containing adipose stromal cells
3D cell culturing by magnetic levitation
3D_cell_culturing_by_magnetic_levitation
Basic unit of life forms
The peroxisomes in animal cells are concentrated in the liver cells and adipocytes. Vacuoles sequester waste products. Some cells, most notably Amoeba, have
Cell_(biology)
Distinct pattern of nucleotides in molecular biology
various cells, but specifically hepatocytes, adipocytes, and hematopoietic cells. For example, in adipocytes, this has been shown in a variety of experiments
CAAT_box
Medical condition
proliferation of ectopic mature adipocytes in the reticular dermis, which ranges from 10 to 50% of the lesion. Adipocytes can exist alone or in small groups
Nevus lipomatosus superficialis
Nevus_lipomatosus_superficialis
Medical condition
neonatorum develops as a result of dysregulated fat metabolism, stems from adipocyte-peripheral connective tissue dysfunction, or is a secondary effect of
Sclerema_neonatorum
Diabetes and obesity researcher
particular focus on hormones in fat cells. A portion of her research examines adipocyte fatty acid binding protein from fat cells, where she has provided details
Karen_Lam_(researcher)
Obesity caused by a mutation in a single gene
that ultimately reduces food intake and increases energy expenditure. Adipocytes secrete Leptin, a peptide hormone encoded from the obese gene (ob), also
Monogenic_obesity
Beta blocker drug
beta 3-adrenergic receptor: relationship with the atypical receptor of adipocytes". The EMBO Journal. 10 (12): 3721–3727. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb04940
Propranolol
endothelial cells 0.5 Epidermal cells 0.5 Respiratory interstitial cells 0.5 Adipocytes (fat cells) 0.2 Dermal fibroblasts 0.1 Muscle cells 0.001 Other cells
List_of_human_cell_types
Dicarboxylic acid
types and physiological responses (see Functions regulated by SUCNR1). In adipocytes, the succinate-activated GPR91 signaling cascade inhibits lipolysis. Succinate
Succinic_acid
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the early development of the heart. An increased expression of FOXC2 in adipocytes can increase the amount of brown adipose tissue leading to lower weight
FOXC2
Structure that surrounds the sarcolemma of muscle cells
and Schwann cells also have an external lamina-like protective coating. Adipocytes also have an external lamina. Wheater's Functional Histology, 5th ed.
External_lamina
One of three major types of muscle
progenitors (FAPs) which can differentiate into fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and adipocytes. FAPs are distinct from MSCs by the lack of expression of PAX7. Nuclei
Skeletal_muscle
Disease causing insufficient blood cells of all types
autoantibodies against hematopoietic stem cells increased numbers of adipocytes and decreased numbers of pericytes also play a role in suppressing hematopoiesis
Aplastic_anemia
Multi-functional cells on the outer surface of microvascular endothelial cells
including smooth muscle cells, neural cells, NG2 glia, muscle fibers, adipocytes, as well as fibroblasts and other mesenchymal stem cells. However, whether
Pericyte
proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR)-γ as the key regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Following this, from 1996 to 1999, his postdoctoral work
Peter_Tontonoz
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