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1922 theory, now obsolete
theoretical physics, Whitehead's theory of gravitation was introduced by the mathematician and philosopher Alfred North Whitehead in 1922. While never
Whitehead's theory of gravitation
Whitehead's_theory_of_gravitation
Pioneers of gravitational theory In physics, theories of gravitation postulate mechanisms of interaction governing the movements of bodies with mass. There
History of gravitational theory
History_of_gravitational_theory
Proposed theories of gravity
relativity are physical theories that attempt to describe the phenomenon of gravitation in competition with Einstein's theory of general relativity. There
Alternatives to general relativity
Alternatives_to_general_relativity
Classical statement of gravity as force
law of universal gravitation describes gravity as a force: any particle attracts any other particle with a force proportional to the product of their
Newton's law of universal gravitation
Newton's_law_of_universal_gravitation
Attraction of masses and energy
physics, gravity (from Latin gravitas 'weight'), also known as gravitation or a gravitational interaction, is a fundamental interaction, which may be described
Gravity
Theory of gravity
theory of gravitation is an attempt by Huseyin Yilmaz (1924–2013; Turkish: Hüseyin Yılmaz) and his coworkers to formulate a classical field theory of
Yilmaz_theory_of_gravitation
Predecessor to the theory of relativity
Nordström's theory of gravitation was a predecessor of general relativity. Strictly speaking, there were actually two distinct theories proposed by the
Nordström's theory of gravitation
Nordström's_theory_of_gravitation
English mathematician and philosopher (1861–1947)
"Explorations in Personality" to Whitehead, a contemporary at Harvard. In physics, Whitehead's theory of gravitation articulated a view that might perhaps
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Kinetic theory of gravity
Le Sage's theory of gravitation is a kinetic theory of gravity originally proposed by Nicolas Fatio de Duillier in 1690 and later by Georges-Louis Le Sage
Le Sage's theory of gravitation
Le_Sage's_theory_of_gravitation
Physical constant equal to the speed of light
classical theories of gravitation, the changes in a gravitational field propagate. A change in the distribution of energy and momentum of matter results
Speed_of_gravity
Description of gravity using discrete values
gravity, all of which signal the collapse of the general theory of relativity at different scales and highlight the need for a gravitational theory that goes
Quantum_gravity
Classical theory of gravitation
the Einstein–Cartan theory, also known as the Einstein–Cartan–Sciama–Kibble theory, is a classical theory of gravitation, one of several alternatives
Einstein–Cartan_theory
Field theory in physics that aims to unify the fundamental forces and particles
field that describes the shape of spacetime and gives rise to gravitation in general relativity. Unified field theories attempt to organize these fields
Unified_field_theory
Concept in physics
gravitational theory (NGT) of John Moffat is a classical theory of gravitation that tries to explain the observation of the flat rotation curves of galaxies
Nonsymmetric gravitational theory
Nonsymmetric_gravitational_theory
Scalar theories of gravitation are field theories of gravitation in which the gravitational field is described using a scalar field, which is required
Scalar theories of gravitation
Scalar_theories_of_gravitation
Theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force
its gravitational distortion of spacetime. Importantly, the theory also explains (without invoking the existence of dark matter and tweaking of its new
Entropic_gravity
Hypothetical elementary particle that mediates gravity
In theories of quantum gravity, the graviton is the hypothetical elementary particle that mediates the force of gravitational interaction. It is a quantum
Graviton
Theory of gravitation as curved spacetime
also known as the general theory of relativity, and as Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein
General_relativity
Coordinate system used in general relativity
the spherically symmetric solutions in Whitehead's theory of gravitation and Einstein's version of the theory of relativity. The Schwarzschild coordinates
Eddington–Finkelstein coordinates
Eddington–Finkelstein_coordinates
Proposed theory of gravitation
the Brans–Dicke theory of gravitation (sometimes called the Jordan–Brans–Dicke theory) is a competitor to Einstein's general theory of relativity. It is
Brans–Dicke_theory
Theory of gravity
gravity theory (or new general relativity) is a theory of gravitation on Weitzenböck spacetime, and attributes gravitation to the torsion tensor formed of the
Teleparallelism
Early attempts to explain gravity
Mechanical explanations of gravitation (or kinetic theories of gravitation) are attempts to explain the action of gravity by aid of basic mechanical processes
Mechanical explanations of gravitation
Mechanical_explanations_of_gravitation
Unified field theory
Kaluza–Klein theory (KK theory) is an attempt at creating a unified field theory of gravitation and electromagnetism based on the idea of a fifth dimension of space
Kaluza–Klein_theory
Type of potential in electrodynamics
Wheeler–Feynman time-symmetric theory. In gravitation, there are application examples for calculating deviations in orbits of satellites, moons or planets
Retarded_potential
Hypothetical physical concept
to be amended: a theory of everything must include gravitation and quantum mechanics. Even ignoring quantum mechanics, chaos theory is sufficient to guarantee
Theory_of_everything
Approximation method for general relativity in physics
applied to all metric theories of gravitation in which all bodies satisfy the Einstein equivalence principle (EEP). The speed of light remains constant
Parameterized post-Newtonian formalism
Parameterized_post-Newtonian_formalism
Comformal theory of gravity
state model of the universe. The gravitational constant G is arbitrary and is determined by the mean density of matter in the universe. The theory was inspired
Hoyle–Narlikar theory of gravity
Hoyle–Narlikar_theory_of_gravity
Approach to quantum gravity using discrete spacetime
theory; arXiv:0706.0041 R.D. Sorkin, A Modified Sum-Over-Histories for Gravity; reported in Highlights in gravitation and cosmology: Proceedings of the
Causal_sets
Geometric algebra approach to gravity
Gauge theory gravity (GTG) is a theory of gravitation cast in the mathematical language of geometric algebra. To those familiar with general relativity
Gauge_theory_gravity
Idea in quantum gravity
Electrodynamics, and Gravitation, 2008. M. Brouwer et al., First test of Verlinde's theory of Emergent Gravity using Weak Gravitational Lensing measurements
Induced_gravity
Hypothesis proposing a modification of Newton's laws
the dynamics of the Solar System with its strong gravitational field intact. However, the theory predicts that the gravitational field of the galaxy could
Modified_Newtonian_dynamics
Analogies between Maxwell's and Einstein's field equations
as a separate theory expanding Newton's law of universal gravitation.[better source needed] This approximate reformulation of gravitation as described
Gravitoelectromagnetism
Theory proposed by Roger Penrose
"On the Origins of Twistor Theory". In Rindler, Wolfgang; Trautman, Andrzej (eds.). Gravitation and Geometry, a Volume in Honour of Ivor Robinson. Bibliopolis
Twistor_theory
Linear perturbations to solutions of nonlinear Einstein field equations
modeling the effects of gravity when the gravitational field is weak. The usage of linearized gravity is integral to the study of gravitational waves and weak-field
Linearized_gravity
Theory of quantum gravity merging quantum mechanics and general relativity
mathematicsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Einstein–Cartan theory – Classical theory of gravitation Rovelli 2008. Ashtekar, Abhay (3 November
Loop_quantum_gravity
Classical field theory describing gravitation
physics, Poincaré gauge theory (PGT) is a classical field theory that describes gravitational interactions as a gauge theory based on enforcing the local
Poincaré_gauge_theory
Theory of fundamental physics
"Logarithmic nonlinearity in theories of quantum gravity: Origin of time and observational consequences". Gravitation and Cosmology. 16 (4): 288–297
Superfluid_vacuum_theory
Formulation of general relativity
(1962). Gravitation: An Introduction to Current Research. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 227–265. Dirac, P. A. M. (1958). "The Theory of Gravitation in Hamiltonian
Canonical_quantum_gravity
Attempt to describe spacetime and associated phenomena in terms of geometry
already-unified field theory which partially unifies gravitation and electromagnetism, yielding charge without charge. In the ADM reformulation of general relativity
Geometrodynamics
Cunningham (1921) Relativity, Electron Theory and Gravitation, second edition Alfred North Whitehead (1922) The Principle of Relativity with applications to
List of textbooks on relativity
List_of_textbooks_on_relativity
Contraction of an astronomical object due to the influence of its gravity
Gravitational collapse is the contraction of an astronomical object due to the influence of its own gravity, which tends to draw matter inward toward
Gravitational_collapse
Relativistic generalization of Mordehai Milgrom's MOND paradigm
basis of TeVeS theory. MOND is a phenomenological modification of the Newtonian acceleration law. In Newtonian gravity theory, the gravitational acceleration
Tensor–vector–scalar_gravity
Theory of gravity on antimatter
The gravitational interaction of antimatter with matter or antimatter has been observed by physicists. As was predicted by most physicists, the experiment
Gravitational interaction of antimatter
Gravitational_interaction_of_antimatter
Modern theory of gravitation that combines supersymmetry and general relativity
contrast to non-gravitational supersymmetric theories such as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Supergravity is the gauge theory of local supersymmetry
Supergravity
Theory of gravity in which the graviton has nonzero mass
classical theory, this means that gravitational waves obey a massive wave equation and hence travel at speeds below the speed of light. Massive gravity has a
Massive_gravity
Theory of gravity
PMID 28179828. Flanagan, E. E. (2004). "The conformal frame freedom in theories of gravitation". Classical and Quantum Gravity. 21 (15): 3817–3829. arXiv:gr-qc/0403063
F(R)_gravity
Proposed theories of gravity
two different classes of theories. The first class of theories relies on modified mathematical theories of gravity (or gravitation) in which two metric
Bimetric_gravity
Modified theory of gravity developed by John Moffat
three constants of the theory to scalar fields. In the weak-field approximation, STVG produces a Yukawa-like modification of the gravitational force due to
Scalar–tensor–vector_gravity
Hypothetical particle
appearance in Kaluza–Klein theory, a five-dimensional theory that combined gravitation and electromagnetism. It appears in string theory. However, it has become
Dilaton
Model of gravity with dilation
Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity, also known as JT gravity or the R=T model, is a theory of gravity with a dilaton in one spatial and one time dimension (1+1D). It
Jackiw–Teitelboim_gravity
1960 article by Eugene Wigner
true of the atomic spectra of heavier elements. Wigner's last example comes from quantum electrodynamics: "Whereas Newton's theory of gravitation still
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences
The_Unreasonable_Effectiveness_of_Mathematics_in_the_Natural_Sciences
Fringe theory of physics
world. The goal of E8 Theory is to describe all elementary particles and their interactions, including gravitation, as quantum excitations of a single Lie
An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything
An_Exceptionally_Simple_Theory_of_Everything
Approach to quantum gravity utilizing Wick rotations
S2CID 15655004. Veltman, Martin J.G. (March 1993). "Quantum theory of gravitation". Methods in Field Theory. North Holland Publishing Company. pp. 265–328. doi:10
Euclidean_quantum_gravity
British astrophysicist (1882–1944)
Structure of the Universe, 1914.pdf 1918. Report on the relativity theory of gravitation. London, Fleetway Press, Ltd. 1920. Space, Time and Gravitation: An
Arthur_Eddington
Attempt to find a consistent theory of quantum gravity
theory which aims at finding a consistent and predictive quantum theory of the gravitational field. Its key ingredient is a nontrivial fixed point of
Asymptotic_safety
Gravity theories that are invariant under Weyl transformations
version of the theory, although there might be a solution to the ghost problem. An alternative approach is to consider the gravitational constant as a
Conformal_gravity
Electromagnetic effect of point charges
absorber theory also known as the Wheeler–Feynman time-symmetric theory Paradox of a charge in a gravitational field Whitehead's theory of gravitation Liénard
Liénard–Wiechert_potential
Physics theory
Rainbow gravity (or "gravity's rainbow") is a theory that different wavelengths of light experience different gravity levels and are separated in the same
Rainbow_gravity_theory
Restatement of Newton's law of universal gravitation
Gauss's flux theorem for gravity, is a law of physics that is equivalent to Newton's law of universal gravitation. It is named after Carl Friedrich Gauss
Gauss's_law_for_gravity
Scientific device
to calculate the force of gravity when placed at an angle. It was invented in the early 1960s at the California Institute of Technology by Prof Neher
Air_track
General relativity in 2+1 dimensions
while there are no local gravitational degrees of freedom. Physicists became interested in the relation between Chern–Simons theory and gravity during the
(2+1)-dimensional topological gravity
(2+1)-dimensional_topological_gravity
Hypothetical gravitational particle
why gravitation seems to be well described by general relativity at present epoch, while it could actually be more complex than that. Because of the way
Pressuron
Theory of quantum gravity
have modified the theory. Inconsistencies remain, though progress was made on the theory. Nevertheless, observations of gravitational waves emitted by
Hořava–Lifshitz_gravity
Theory of gravity
gravity, also referred to as Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity, is a modification of the Einstein–Hilbert action to include the Gauss–Bonnet term (named after
Gauss–Bonnet_gravity
Toy model of general relativity
propagating gravitational waves exist, but not in 2+1D or 1+1D. In 2+1D, general relativity becomes a topological field theory with no local degrees of freedom
CGHS_model
identities List of mathematical proofs List of misnamed theorems List of scientific laws List of theories Most of the results below come from pure mathematics
List_of_theorems
Philosophical approach
dominates Western culture. Whitehead sought a holistic, comprehensive cosmology that provides a systematic descriptive theory of the world which can be used
Process_philosophy
Hypothetical approach to quantum gravity with emergent spacetime
the structure of spacetime itself is supposed to be constantly changing due to quantum fluctuations and topological fluctuations. CDT theory uses a triangulation
Causal dynamical triangulation
Causal_dynamical_triangulation
Theory of gravity
AQUAL is a theory of gravity based on Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), but using a Lagrangian. It was developed by Jacob Bekenstein and Mordehai Milgrom
AQUAL
Theory extending Einstein gravity
extension of general relativity obtained by adding all local quadratic-in-curvature terms to the Einstein–Hilbert Lagrangian. Doing this makes the theory renormalizable
Quadratic_gravity
retrieved July 11, 2010 Jacob D. Bekenstein (2004), "Relativistic gravitation theory for the modified Newtonian dynamics paradigm", Phys. Rev. D, 70 (8)
Bi-scalar tensor vector gravity
Bi-scalar_tensor_vector_gravity
Tensor field in Riemannian geometry
is a central mathematical tool in the theory of general relativity, the modern theory of gravity. The curvature of spacetime is in principle observable
Riemann_curvature_tensor
Conformal anomaly free CGHS model
they contribute an anomaly of −24. Each matter field contributes an anomaly of 1. So, unless N=24, we will have gravitational anomalies. To the CGHS action
RST_model
In gravitation, Chasles' theorem says that the Newtonian gravitational attraction of a spherical shell, outside of that shell, is equivalent mathematically
Chasles'_theorem_(gravity)
Test of gravitational redshift
anticipated several of the results of his final theory with heuristic arguments. One of these concerned the light in a gravitational field. To show that
Pound–Rebka_experiment
1929 book by Alfred North Whitehead
such as the propagation of an electromagnetic wave or gravitational influence across empty space. The occasions of experience of the second grade involve
Process_and_Reality
Physical theory with matter as quantum fields but gravity as a classical field
approximation to the theory of quantum gravity in which one treats matter and energy fields as being quantum and the gravitational field as being classical
Semiclassical_gravity
Theories of higher-dimensional general relativity
Einstein's gravitational theory, that is, general relativity. This attempt at generalization has been strongly influenced in recent decades by string theory. These
Higher-dimensional Einstein gravity
Higher-dimensional_Einstein_gravity
German mathematician (1862–1943)
Foundations of Mathematics in 1920s. Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-19-509631-6. Mehra, Jagdish, 1974. Einstein, Hilbert, and the Theory of Gravitation. Reidel
David_Hilbert
Aspect of theoretical physics
Twistor string theory is an equivalence between N = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory and the perturbative topological B model string theory in twistor space
Twistor_string_theory
Hypothesis about sapient life and the universe
dimensions; see String theory. This is because the law of gravitation (or any other inverse-square law) follows from the concept of flux and the proportional
Anthropic_principle
Theory of gravity
through gravitational waves by binary systems is reduced, although this effect is far smaller than the current observational precision. This theory is shown
Infinite_derivative_gravity
theoretical physics, Lovelock's theory of gravity (often referred to as Lovelock gravity) is a generalization of Einstein's theory of general relativity introduced
Lovelock_theory_of_gravity
Relativity and gravitation: an elementary treatise upon Einstein's theory. 1923. Tibble, J. W. (1961). "Sir Percy Nunn: 1870–1944". British Journal of Educational
Percy_Nunn
the contribution of the second gauge field. Dark energy Dark fluid Dark matter General theory of relativity Law of universal gravitation Modified Newtonian
Gauge_vector–tensor_gravity
Proposed model of gravity
builders, but has resisted being embedded into string theory. The DGP model assumes the existence of a 4+1-dimensional Minkowski space, within which ordinary
DGP_model
Nonpertubative field theoretic approach to quantum gravity
nonperturbative notion of renormalization in order to find a consistent and predictive quantum field theory of the gravitational interaction and spacetime
Physics applications of asymptotically safe gravity
Physics_applications_of_asymptotically_safe_gravity
Mystical properties of numbers
enough to say that numerology was the origin of the theories of electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, gravitation. [...] So I intend no disparagement when
Numerology
Branch of science about the natural world and its life forms.
observation as the source of verification. Key historical developments in physics include Isaac Newton's theory of universal gravitation and classical mechanics
Natural_science
Fallacy of treating an abstraction as if it were a real thing
the concepts of motivation in psychology, utility in economics, and gravitational field in physics are constructs; they are not directly observable, but
Reification_(fallacy)
Basic framework of mathematics
law of gravitation that the orbits of the planets are ellipses. During the 19th century, progress was made towards elaborating precise definitions of the
Foundations_of_mathematics
Whispering gallery White dwarf White hole White noise Whitehead's theory of gravitation Whitham equation Whole number rule Wick's theorem Wick Haxton Wick rotation
Index_of_physics_articles_(W)
Chronology of development from 1905
not an application of general relativity as a theory of gravitation in curved spacetime, but rather relies on pseudo-gravitational fields that pop up
History_of_the_twin_paradox
filtration is a method of filtering impurities from solutions by using gravity to pull liquid through a filter. The two main kinds of filtration used in laboratories
Gravity_filtration
American theoretical physicist (1921–2007)
teach for another few years. His text Classical Field Theory: Electromagnetism and Gravitation was published in 1997 by John Wiley & Sons. In 1948, Low
Francis_E._Low
Systematic endeavour to gain knowledge
affirmation of the Higgs boson discovery in 2013, the last particle predicted by the Standard Model of particle physics was found. In 2015, gravitational waves
Science
Philosophical doctrine
methodologies of Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud. Appealing to the general theory of relativity and its predicted effects on gravitational lensing, it
Verificationism
Theory of gravity
Scalar-Tensor theories (or DHOST theories) are theories of modified gravity. They have a Lagrangian containing second-order derivatives of a scalar field
Degenerate Higher-Order Scalar-Tensor theories
Degenerate_Higher-Order_Scalar-Tensor_theories
"Relativity, gravitation and world-structure". The Observatory. 58: 179–188. Whittaker, E. T. (February 1943). "Review of The Methodology of Pierre Duhem"
Bibliography of E. T. Whittaker
Bibliography_of_E._T._Whittaker
Austrian–British philosopher of science (1902–1994)
the result of Eddington's eclipse observations which in 1919 brought the first important confirmation of Einstein's theory of gravitation." Wild, John
Karl_Popper
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WHITEHEADS THEORY-OF-GRAVITATION
WHITEHEADS THEORY-OF-GRAVITATION
Male
English
English form of French Henri, HENRY means "home-ruler."
Male
Greek
(ΘήÏων) Greek name THERON means "hunter."
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Terrie, TERRY means "harvester." Compare with masculine Terry.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
Town of Thorns; Thornton Variant; Surname; From the Thorny Thicket
Female
Spanish
 Pet form of Spanish Theresa, THERA means "harvester." Compare with another form of Thera.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Cherie, SHERRY means "darling."
Surname or Lastname
English and Scandinavian
English and Scandinavian : variant of Thor.French (Thoré) : nickname for a strong or violent individual, from Old French t(h)or(el) ‘bull’. Compare Spanish Toro.French (Thoré) : from a reduced pet form of the personal name Maturin.
Female
Greek
(ΘήÏα) Greek name THERA means "lustrous." In mythology, this is the name of one of Amphion's seven daughters. Compare with another form of Thera.
Girl/Female
Biblical
There they are, their riches.
Biblical
there they are; their riches
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : nickname for someone with fair or prematurely white hair, from Middle English whit ‘white’ + heved ‘head’.Irish (Connacht) : erroneous translation of Ó Ceanndubháin ‘descendant of the little black-headed one’ (see Canavan), as if from Gaelic ceann ‘head’ + bán ‘white’.Translated form of German Weisshaupt (see Weishaupt) or Weisskopf (see Weiskopf).
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
King Henry IV, Part 1' Earl of March. Scroop.
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, Greek, Netherlands
Name of God
Female
Scandinavian
Variant spelling of Scandinavian Tora, THORA means "Thor" or "thunder."
Girl/Female
Australian, Greek
Watcher
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, French, Hindu, Indian, Jamaican, Latin
Fruit; Cherry Fruit; Dear; Beloved; Form of Cheryl; Brotherly Love; Name of a Fruit; Darling; Cherry
Girl/Female
Greek
Watcher.
Male
French
Variant spelling of Norman French Thierri, THIERRY means "first of the people; king of nations."
Male
English
Compare with feminine Terry. English form of Norman French Thierri, TERRY means "first of the people; king of nations." Pet form of English Terence, possibly meaning "rub, turn, twist."Â
Male
English
Short form of English Theodore, THEO means "gift of God," and other names beginning with Theo-.
WHITEHEADS THEORY-OF-GRAVITATION
WHITEHEADS THEORY-OF-GRAVITATION
WHITEHEADS THEORY-OF-GRAVITATION
WHITEHEADS THEORY-OF-GRAVITATION
WHITEHEADS THEORY-OF-GRAVITATION
WHITEHEADS THEORY-OF-GRAVITATION
WHITEHEADS THEORY-OF-GRAVITATION
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