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Linear perturbations to solutions of nonlinear Einstein field equations
linearized gravity is an effective method for modeling the effects of gravity when the gravitational field is weak. The usage of linearized gravity is
Linearized_gravity
Field-equations in general relativity
spacetime as having only small deviations from flat spacetime, leading to the linearized EFE. These equations are used to study phenomena such as gravitational
Einstein_field_equations
Attraction of masses and energy
In physics, gravity (from Latin gravitas 'weight'), also known as gravitation or a gravitational interaction, is a fundamental interaction, which may
Gravity
Aspect of relativity in physics
a gravitational wave has a very small amplitude (as formulated in linearized gravity). However, they help illustrate the kind of oscillations associated
Gravitational_wave
Region in spacetime from which nothing can escape
Rindler coined the term in the 1950s. In 1784, John Michell proposed that gravity can be strong enough in the vicinity of massive compact objects that even
Event_horizon
Theory of gravitation as curved spacetime
Approximate solutions may also be found by perturbation theories such as linearized gravity and its generalization, the post-Newtonian expansion, both of which
General_relativity
Condition in which spacetime itself breaks down
singularity, or simply singularity, is a theoretical condition in which gravity is predicted to be so intense that spacetime itself would break down catastrophically
Gravitational_singularity
Two interrelated physics theories by Albert Einstein
Special relativity applies to all physical phenomena in the absence of gravity. General relativity explains the law of gravitation and its relation to
Theory_of_relativity
Compact astronomical body
A black hole is an astronomical body so compact that its gravity prevents anything, including light, from escaping. Albert Einstein's theory of general
Black_hole
Measured time difference as explained by relativity theory
velocity time dilation equation in the presence of motion and absence of gravity, i.e. β e = 0 {\displaystyle \beta _{e}=0} . It reduces to gravitational
Time_dilation
Type of potential in electrodynamics
-\mathbf {r} '|}}\mathrm {d} ^{3}\mathbf {r} '} The retarded potential in linearized general relativity is closely analogous to the electromagnetic case. The
Retarded_potential
Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity
of general relativity that plays an important role in canonical quantum gravity and numerical relativity. It was first published in 1959. The comprehensive
ADM_formalism
Description of gravity using discrete values
Quantum gravity (QG) is a field of theoretical physics that seeks unification of the theory of gravity with the principles of quantum mechanics. It deals
Quantum_gravity
Hypothesis that inertial and gravitational masses are equivalent
of gravity, the equivalence principle is viewed as an observation, an accident of nature encoded in empirical law. In Einstein's model of gravity, the
Equivalence_principle
Solution to the Einstein field equations
gravity that corresponds to the gravitational field around a point particle. Even at the surface of the Earth, the corrections to Newtonian gravity are
Schwarzschild_metric
English mathematician, mathematical physicist (born 1931)
networks, which later came to form the geometry of spacetime in loop quantum gravity. He was influential in popularising what are commonly known as Penrose
Roger_Penrose
Classical statement of gravity as force
Newton's law of universal gravitation describes gravity as a force by stating that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a
Newton's law of universal gravitation
Newton's_law_of_universal_gravitation
Theory of gravity in which the graviton has nonzero mass
can be seen as an extension of linearized gravity in the following way. Linearized gravity is obtained by linearizing general relativity around flat space
Massive_gravity
Use of circular rotational force to mimic gravity
experienced in linear acceleration, which by the equivalence principle is indistinguishable from gravity. In a more general sense, "artificial gravity" may also
Artificial_gravity
Theorem in general relativity
by Dain and Moreschi that a corresponding theorem will not hold in linearized gravity, that is, given a solution of the linearised Einstein field equations
Goldberg–Sachs_theorem
Hypothetical particle found in supergravity
massless spin-2 field with a Proca field. The dual formulations of linearized gravity are described by a mixed Young symmetry tensor T λ 1 λ 2 ⋯ λ D − 3
Dual_graviton
Theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force
Entropic gravity, also known as emergent gravity, is a theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force—a force with macro-scale homogeneity
Entropic_gravity
Hypothetical FTL transportation by warping space
physicists have presented arguments to suggest that a theory of quantum gravity (which would incorporate both theories) would eliminate those solutions
Alcubierre_drive
Hypothetical quantum cosmological effect
flow of an approximately perfect fluid is analogous to gravity. (See analog models of gravity.) Observations of Hawking radiation were reported in sonic
Hawking_radiation
Hypothetical object of spacetime
Acceleration due to gravity is the greatest on the surface of any body. But since black holes lack a surface, acceleration due to gravity increases exponentially
White_hole
Analogies between Maxwell's and Einstein's field equations
radiation Gravity Probe B Kaluza–Klein theory Linearized gravity Modified Newtonian dynamics Non-relativistic gravitational fields Speed of gravity § Electrodynamical
Gravitoelectromagnetism
Theory of quantum gravity merging quantum mechanics and general relativity
Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a theory of quantum gravity that incorporates matter of the Standard Model into the framework established for the intrinsic
Loop_quantum_gravity
the Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory. Presumably the same holds in linearized gravity: e.g., see Gravitoelectromagnetism. Pretorius, Frans (2005). "Evolution
Two-body problem in general relativity
Two-body_problem_in_general_relativity
Key results in general relativity on gravitational singularities
theorem is weak: it says that light rays are always focused together by gravity, never drawn apart, and this holds whenever the energy of matter is non-negative
Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems
Penrose–Hawking_singularity_theorems
Theory of gravity
Mark Robert; Kuzmin, Sergei (2019), "A connection between linearized Gauss–Bonnet gravity and classical electrodynamics", Int. J. Mod. Phys. D, 28 (7):
Gauss–Bonnet_gravity
Light bending by mass between source and observer
von Soldner in 1801 (published in 1804) had pointed out that Newtonian gravity predicts that starlight will bend around a massive object as had already
Gravitational_lens
lensing), Alejandro Corichi (fundamental contributions to quantum gravity and loop quantum gravity) Thibault Damour (effective one-body formalism), Georges Darmois
List of contributors to general relativity
List_of_contributors_to_general_relativity
Wave where gravity is the main restoring force
In fluid dynamics, gravity waves are waves in a fluid medium or at the interface between two media when the force of gravity or buoyancy tries to restore
Gravity_wave
German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
concept of a finite speed of propagation of the physical interactions of gravity with it. By contrast, gravitational waves cannot exist in the Newtonian
Albert_Einstein
Physics concept expressed as E = mc²
refers to the inertial mass. However, already in the context of Newtonian gravity, the weak equivalence principle is postulated: the gravitational and the
Mass–energy_equivalence
Theory of gravity
S2CID 119370540. Berry, C. P. L.; Gair, J. R. (2011). "Linearized f(R) gravity: Gravitational radiation and Solar System tests". Physical Review
F(R)_gravity
Precession of a gyroscope due to a nearby celestial body's rotation affecting spacetime
popular in some circles to use the gravitoelectromagnetic approach to the linearized field equations. The reason for this popularity should be immediately
Lense–Thirring_precession
1984 graduate textbook by Robert M. Wald
throughout the book. However, he considered that the material on linearized gravity was too short, and recommended Gravitation by Charles Misner, Kip
General_Relativity_(book)
reproduces general relativity in the classical limit, but only at the linearized level and postulating that the conditions for the applicability of Ehrenfest
History of gravitational theory
History_of_gravitational_theory
Deviation from Kepler's third law
According to general relativity, in its weak-field and low-velocity linearized approximation, a slowly spinning body induces an additional component
Gravitomagnetic_clock_effect
Approximation method for general relativity in physics
parameters. It is used as a tool to compare non-linear Einsteinian gravity to simpler Newtonian gravity in the limit in which the gravitational field is
Parameterized post-Newtonian formalism
Parameterized_post-Newtonian_formalism
Set of spacetime events, light-connected to a given event
Formulation ADM formalism BSSN formalism Einstein field equations Linearized gravity Post-Newtonian formalism Raychaudhuri equation Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein
Light_cone
Black holes are characterized only by mass, charge, and spin
mathematicians refer to it as the no-hair conjecture. Even in the case of gravity alone (i.e., zero electric fields), the conjecture has only been partially
No-hair_theorem
Mathematical model combining space and time
of gravity, is uniform throughout, and serves as nothing more than a static background for the events that take place in it. The presence of gravity greatly
Spacetime
Physical constant equal to the speed of light
gravitational field which it produces. In the relativistic sense, the "speed of gravity" refers to the speed of a gravitational wave, which, as predicted by general
Speed_of_gravity
Differentiable manifold with nondegenerate metric tensor
Minkowski spacetime Metric tensor Equations Formalisms Equations Linearized gravity Einstein field equations Friedmann Geodesics Mathisson–Papapetrou–Dixon
Pseudo-Riemannian_manifold
Tensor field in Riemannian geometry
mathematical tool in the theory of general relativity, the modern theory of gravity. The curvature of spacetime is in principle observable via the geodesic
Riemann_curvature_tensor
Solution of Einstein field equations
Luongo, Orlando; Quevedo, Hernando (2014). "Characterizing repulsive gravity with curvature eigenvalues". Physical Review D. 90 (8) 084032. arXiv:1407
Kerr–Newman_metric
Equations in physical cosmology
The winner depends upon the k value in the total energy: if k is +1, gravity eventually causes the universe to contract. These conclusions will be altered
Friedmann_equations
Speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum
(2003). Gravity: An Introduction to Einstein's General Relativity. Addison-Wesley. pp. 52–59. ISBN 978-981-02-2749-4. Hartle, J. B. (2003). Gravity: An Introduction
Speed_of_light
Diagram of different points in spacetime
Formulation ADM formalism BSSN formalism Einstein field equations Linearized gravity Post-Newtonian formalism Raychaudhuri equation Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein
Penrose_diagram
Exact solution for the Einstein field equations
first measurement of this frame dragging effect was done in 2011 by the Gravity Probe B experiment. Roughly speaking, this effect predicts that objects
Kerr_metric
Unified field theory
like ordinary gravity in free space, except that it is phrased in five dimensions instead of four. The equations governing ordinary gravity in free space
Kaluza–Klein_theory
Hypothetical elementary particle that mediates gravity
In theories of quantum gravity, the graviton is the hypothetical elementary particle that mediates the force of gravitational interaction. It is a quantum
Graviton
Hypothetical particle
theory's compactifications of extra dimensions. In Brans–Dicke theory of gravity, Newton's constant is not presumed to be constant but instead 1/G is replaced
Dilaton
Hypothetical topological feature of spacetime
resort to exotic matter. For example, this is possible with R2 gravity, a form of f(R) gravity. The impossibility of faster-than-light relative speed applies
Wormhole
Branch of differential geometry
Formulation ADM formalism BSSN formalism Einstein field equations Linearized gravity Post-Newtonian formalism Raychaudhuri equation Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein
Riemannian_geometry
Effect in special relativity
Formulation ADM formalism BSSN formalism Einstein field equations Linearized gravity Post-Newtonian formalism Raychaudhuri equation Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein
Terrell_rotation
General-relativistic effect
confirmed directly by the Pound–Rebka experiment in 1959, and later refined by Gravity Probe A and other experiments. Gravitational time dilation is closely related
Gravitational_time_dilation
Trace radiation from the early universe
S2CID 16825580. Seljak, U.; Zaldarriaga M. (March 17, 1997). "Signature of Gravity Waves in the Polarization of the Microwave Background". Phys. Rev. Lett
Cosmic_microwave_background
Restatement of Newton's law of universal gravitation
In physics, Gauss's law for gravity, also known as Gauss's flux theorem for gravity, is a law of physics that is equivalent to Newton's law of universal
Gauss's_law_for_gravity
Generalization of straight line to a curved space time
falling particle always moves along a geodesic. In general relativity, gravity can be regarded as not a force but a consequence of a curved spacetime
Geodesics in general relativity
Geodesics_in_general_relativity
Abstract coordinate system
centrifugal force, and gravitational force. (All of these forces including gravity disappear in a truly inertial reference frame, which is one of free-fall
Frame_of_reference
Hypothetical physical concept
fundamental interactions: electromagnetism, strong and weak nuclear forces, and gravity. Finding such a theory is one of the major unsolved problems in physics
Theory_of_everything
Precession of satellite orbits due to a celestial body's presence affecting spacetime
angular momentum of a gyroscope orbiting the Earth, as carried out by the Gravity Probe B experiment. The geodetic effect was first predicted by Willem de
Geodetic_effect
Tensor describing energy momentum density in spacetime
relativity, just as mass density is the source of such a field in Newtonian gravity. The electromagnetic stress–energy tensor was introduced by Hermann Minkowski
Stress–energy_tensor
Path of an object through spacetime
multiplying by a scalar. Therefore, all tangent vectors for a point p span a linear space, termed the tangent space at point p. For example, taking a 2-dimensional
World_line
Method of approximation in general relativity
absolute values less than 1. For example, if one goes one step beyond linearized gravity to get the expansion to the second order in h: g μ ν ≈ η μ ν − η μ
Post-Newtonian_expansion
Concept in general relativity
by a certain axi-symmetric pp-wave. An example of pp-wave given when gravity is in presence of matter is the gravitational field surrounding a neutral
Pp-wave_spacetime
American physicist, writer, and Nobel Laureate (born 1940)
contributions, which center on the general nature of space, time, and gravity, span the full range of topics in general relativity. Thorne's work has
Kip_Thorne
Low-velocity approximation of special relativity
a Galilean transformation. In all inertial frames, Newton's laws, and gravity, hold. In comparison, the corresponding statements from special relativity
Galilean_invariance
Thought experiment in special relativity
ISBN 0-8018-8422-5. Schutz, Bernard (2003). Gravity from the Ground Up: An Introductory Guide to Gravity and General Relativity (illustrated ed.). Cambridge
Twin_paradox
Solution of Einstein field equations
equations in a Kerr-Newman-de Sitter spacetime". Classical and Quantum Gravity. 40 (13). arXiv:2307.04073. doi:10.1088/1361-6382/accbfe. S2CID 258085066
Kerr–Newman–de–Sitter_metric
Equations describing classical electromagnetism
vacuum behaves like a perfect linear "material" without additional polarization and magnetization. More generally, for linear materials the constitutive
Maxwell's_equations
Mathematics Exact solutions Resources Tests Post-Newtonian formalism Linearized gravity ADM formalism Gibbons–Hawking–York boundary term Alternatives to general
Chasles'_theorem_(gravity)
Solution of Einstein field equations
very close to those that would be felt from a point mass in Newtonian gravity. To study the tidal forces in more detail, the Bel decomposition of the
Gödel_metric
Gravity filtration is a method of filtering impurities from solutions by using gravity to pull liquid through a filter. The two main kinds of filtration
Gravity_filtration
Field theory in physics that aims to unify the fundamental forces and particles
of field theory that allows all fundamental forces of nature, including gravity, and all elementary particles to be written in terms of a single physical
Unified_field_theory
Einstein field equation solution
pointing in the z {\displaystyle z} -direction, held together by its own gravity. It was first obtained by William Bonnor in 1954, although it is named
Melvin_metric
vector-based introduction to quaternions and a primer on matrix notation for linear transformations of 4-vectors. The ten chapters are composed of 4 on kinematics
List of textbooks on relativity
List_of_textbooks_on_relativity
Effect of general relativity
Hecht, Jeff. "Gravity Probe B scores 'F' in NASA review". New Scientist. Retrieved 2023-09-17. "Gravity Probe B – MISSION STATUS". "Gravity Probe B finally
Frame-dragging
Theories of higher-dimensional general relativity
Higher-dimensional Einstein gravity is any of various physical theories that attempt to generalize to higher dimensions various results of the standard
Higher-dimensional Einstein gravity
Higher-dimensional_Einstein_gravity
Formalism in general relativity
been adapted to study quantum gravity. Numerical relativity Quantum gravity Euclidean quantum gravity Piecewise linear manifold Euclidean simplex Path
Regge_calculus
Theory of quantum gravity
Hořava–Lifshitz gravity (or Hořava gravity) is a theory of quantum gravity proposed by Petr Hořava in 2009. It solves the problem of different concepts
Hořava–Lifshitz_gravity
Statement of spherically symmetric spacetimes
and is called Israel's theorem. The converse is not true in Newtonian gravity. The theorem was first proven by Jørg Tofte Jebsen in 1921 and rediscovered
Birkhoff's theorem (relativity)
Birkhoff's_theorem_(relativity)
Physical theory with matter as quantum fields but gravity as a classical field
Semiclassical gravity is an approximation to the theory of quantum gravity in which one treats matter and energy fields as being quantum and the gravitational
Semiclassical_gravity
Theory extending Einstein gravity
Quadratic gravity (QG) is an extension of general relativity obtained by adding all local quadratic-in-curvature terms to the Einstein–Hilbert Lagrangian
Quadratic_gravity
Time scale
because it is outside all gravity wells, is not influenced by gravitational time dilation. The proper time of objects within a gravity well will pass more slowly
Coordinate_time
Concept in physics
may be unstable, although this has only been shown in the case of the linearized version. In the weak field approximation where interaction between fields
Nonsymmetric gravitational theory
Nonsymmetric_gravitational_theory
Topics referred to by the same term
molecule Strain (general relativity), measure of spacetime stretching in linearized gravity Strain (injury), an injury to a muscle Strain (mechanics), a measure
Strain
Result in general relativity
4\pi \mu } ; in general relativity, the tendency of pressure to oppose gravity is partially offset by this term, which under certain circumstances can
Raychaudhuri_equation
Exact solution in general relativity
one recovers the Schwarzschild metric. The classical Newtonian theory of gravity may then be recovered in the limit as the ratio r s / r {\displaystyle
Reissner–Nordström_metric
application in approximation methods in numerical relativity and quantum gravity, the latter using a generalisation of Regge calculus. In general relativity
Mathematics of general relativity
Mathematics_of_general_relativity
Physics principle
add two further axioms in order to build a consistent theory including gravity. These are the Equivalence Principle and locality. Locality means that
Principle_of_relativity
Theory of gravity by Albert Einstein
relativity also predicts novel effects of gravity, such as gravitational waves, gravitational lensing and an effect of gravity on time known as gravitational time
Introduction to general relativity
Introduction_to_general_relativity
Proposed model of gravity
effects important in a seemingly linear regime, such as the Solar System. Because there is no four-dimensional, linearized effective theory that reproduces
DGP_model
Idea in quantum gravity
Induced gravity (or emergent gravity) is an idea in quantum gravity that spacetime curvature and its dynamics emerge as a mean field approximation of
Induced_gravity
Nonpertubative field theoretic approach to quantum gravity
The asymptotic safety approach to quantum gravity provides a nonperturbative notion of renormalization in order to find a consistent and predictive quantum
Physics applications of asymptotically safe gravity
Physics_applications_of_asymptotically_safe_gravity
Classical theory of gravitation
theory gravity Loop quantum gravity Cabral, Francisco; Lobo, Francisco S. N.; Rubiera-Garcia, Diego (December 2019). "Einstein–Cartan–Dirac gravity with
Einstein–Cartan_theory
American astrophysicist
laureates". nobel.se. 1993. Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture, 8 December 1993 Binary Pulsars and Relativistic Gravity
Joseph_Hooton_Taylor_Jr.
LINEARIZED GRAVITY
LINEARIZED GRAVITY
Girl/Female
Indian
Gravity
Boy/Male
Biblical
Hardness; his gravity; his offense.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Gravity
Boy/Male
Indian
Gravity
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Dignity Gravity
Biblical
Hardness, His gravity, His offense
Boy/Male
Biblical
Hardness; his gravity; his offense.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi
Dignity; Gravity; From Muslim
LINEARIZED GRAVITY
LINEARIZED GRAVITY
Boy/Male
Greek
Farmer.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Bickford. In Britain this form is found mainly in the Wolverhampton area, suggesting it probably arose from Bickford in Staffordshire.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Tradition, Culture
Boy/Male
Tamil
Peaceful
Male
Irish
Variant spelling of Irish Gaelic Ailill, AILELL means "elf."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Trilokchand | தà¯à®°à®¿à®²à¯‹à®•à®šà®‚த
Moon of the three worlds
Girl/Female
Tamil
Ujjvala | உஜà¯à®œà¯à®µà®¾à®²à®¾
Radiant
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Mythological, Traditional
Son of Gouri; Ganesha
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a worker in brass, from Old English bræsian ‘to cast in brass’ (a derivative of bræs ‘brass’).French : variant of Brasier.
Boy/Male
Celebrity, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Mythological, Sanskrit, Telugu, Traditional
Eternally Pure
LINEARIZED GRAVITY
LINEARIZED GRAVITY
LINEARIZED GRAVITY
LINEARIZED GRAVITY
LINEARIZED GRAVITY
a.
Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence, seriousness; enormity; as, the gravity of an offense.
n.
A rare element of the light platinum group, found associated with platinum ores, and isolated as a hard, brittle steel-gray metal which is very infusible. Symbol Ru. Atomic weight 103.5. Specific gravity 12.26. See Platinum metals, under Platinum.
n.
a small wave on the surface of water or other liquids for which the driving force is not gravity, but surface tension.
n.
An instrument for determining the specific gravity of liquid bodies, porous bodies, and powders, as well as solids.
n.
The estimation of the specific gravity of urine by the urinometer.
n.
A small hydrometer for determining the specific gravity of urine.
n.
Gravity or austerity; extreme strictness; rigor; harshness; as, the severity of a reprimand or a reproof; severity of discipline or government; severity of penalties.
a.
The state of having weight; beaviness; as, the gravity of lead.
a.
Being in unison; having the same degree of gravity or acuteness; sounded alike in pitch.
n.
A wise man; a man of gravity and wisdom; especially, a man venerable for years, and of sound judgment and prudence; a grave philosopher.
adv.
Aloft; on high; in a direction contrary to that of gravity; toward or in a higher place or position; above; -- the opposite of down.
n.
Tungstate of iron and manganese, generally of a brownish or grayish black color, submetallic luster, and high specific gravity. It occurs in cleavable masses, and also crystallized. Called also wolfram.
n.
To act or talk without seriousness, gravity, weight, or dignity; to act or talk with levity; to indulge in light or trivial amusements.
n.
A rare element of the chromium group found in certain minerals, as wolfram and scheelite, and isolated as a heavy steel-gray metal which is very hard and infusible. It has both acid and basic properties. When alloyed in small quantities with steel, it greatly increases its hardness. Symbol W (Wolframium). Atomic weight, 183.6. Specific gravity, 18.
n.
A nonmetallic element occurring naturally in large quantities, either combined as in the sulphides (as pyrites) and sulphates (as gypsum), or native in volcanic regions, in vast beds mixed with gypsum and various earthy materials, from which it is melted out. Symbol S. Atomic weight 32. The specific gravity of ordinary octohedral sulphur is 2.05; of prismatic sulphur, 1.96.
n.
The liquid remaining after solids suspended in the liquid have been sedimented by gravity or by centrifugation. Contrasted with the solid sediment, or (in centrifugation) the pellet.
n.
The quality or state of being sage; wisdom; sagacity; prudence; gravity.
n.
Seriousness; gravity; discretion.
v. i.
To be supported by water or other fluid; not to sink; to float; as, any substance will swim, whose specific gravity is less than that of the fluid in which it is immersed.
n.
A curved line, such that a heavy body, descending along it by the action of gravity, will always arrive at the lowest point in the same time, wherever in the curve it may begin to fall; as, an inverted cycloid with its base horizontal is a tautochrone.