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Dimensionless quantity related to porosity
The void ratio ( e {\displaystyle e} ) of a mixture of solids and fluids (gases and liquids), or of a porous composite material such as concrete, is the
Void_ratio
Process by which soils decrease in volume
carried by the soil particles. The constant of proportionality (change in void ratio per order of magnitude change in effective stress) is known as the compression
Soil_consolidation
Ability of soils to allow water to flow through its voids
the permeability of soils, from particle size, impurities in the water, void ratio, the degree of saturation, and adsorbed water, to entrapped air and organic
Permeability_of_soils
Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material
describes the fraction of void space in the material, where the void may contain, for example, air or water. It is defined by the ratio: ϕ = V V V T {\displaystyle
Porosity
Branch of soil physics and applied mechanics that describes the behavior of soils
void ratio" corresponding to a very loose state, emin is the "minimum void ratio" corresponding to a very dense state and e is the in situ void ratio
Soil_mechanics
Weight per unit volume of a material
the specific gravity of the solid e is the void ratio Dry unit weight The unit weight of a soil when all void spaces of the soil are completely filled with
Specific_weight
Empty space in mixed materials
properties by up to 20% Void content in composites is represented as a ratio, also called void ratio, where the volume of voids, solid material, and bulk
Void_(composites)
Fine grained natural soil
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Clay
Theory of soil consolidation and effective stress
between void ratio and effective stress, although for small stress increments assumption 7 is reasonable. Finally, the relationship between void ratio and
Terzaghi's_principle
Narrow shaft bored in the ground
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Borehole
Excavated channel in ground
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Trench
Vast empty spaces between filaments with few or no galaxies
definition of what constitutes a void. The matter density value used for describing the cosmic mean density is usually based on a ratio of the number of galaxies
Void_(astronomy)
Sudden movement of the Earth's crust
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Earthquake
Excavation or structure to provide access to groundwater
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Well
Change in viscosity of a gel or fluid caused by stress
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Thixotropy
Civil engineering technique
wall is analyzed under plane strain condition. Since the length-to-width ratio of excavations is generally large, plane strain conditions can be assumed
Slurry_wall
Works that re-shape the earth's surface
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Earthworks_(engineering)
Granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Sand
Volume change of a granular material under shearing
specify this behaviour, the initial void ratio, e i n i t {\displaystyle e_{init}} , and the maximum void ratio, e m a x {\displaystyle e_{max}} , of
Dilatancy_(granular_material)
Soil material that is ordinarily a solid behaving like a thick liquid
currents and earthquake-induced liquefaction. Depending on the initial void ratio, the soil material can respond to loading either strain-softening or strain-hardening
Soil_liquefaction
Ability of water to flow through a porous material
movement through saturated media. By definition, hydraulic conductivity is the ratio of volume flux to hydraulic gradient yielding a quantitative measure of
Hydraulic_conductivity
Classification of soil or sediment
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Silt
Maximum stress soil has experience in the past
plot of the effective stress (frequently represented as σ'vc) versus the void ratio. This graph is commonly called the e log p curve or the consolidation
Preconsolidation_pressure
Mix of crumbled stones
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Gravel
Device used to measure density of liquids
designed for urinalysis. As urine's specific gravity is dictated by its ratio of solutes (wastes) to water, a urinometer makes it possible to quickly
Hydrometer
Accumulation of partially decayed vegetation
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Peat
Ratio of two densities
Relative density DR a measure of the current void ratio in relation to the maximum and minimum void ratios, and applied effective stress control the mechanical
Relative_density
Empty space between atoms in a crystal lattice
and it will have 4 octahedral voids (1:1 ratio) and 8 tetrahedral voids (1:2 ratio) per unit cell. The tetrahedral void is smaller in size and could fit
Interstitial_site
Natural hazard involving ground movement
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Landslide
Concept in philosophy and early physics
distance in such and such a time, it moves through the void with a speed beyond any ratio. For let Z be void, equal in magnitude to B and to D. Then if A is
Horror_vacui_(philosophy)
Mathematical element in composite engineering
stresses in respective directions, Poisson's ratios, and volumes of the matrix (resin system), fibers, and voids. V f = v f v c {\displaystyle V_{f}={\frac
Fiber_volume_ratio
Measure of the ability of a porous material to allow fluids to pass through it
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Permeability_(porous_media)
Earthquake probability in a specific area and time
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Seismic_hazard
Movement of rock or soil down slopes
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Mass_wasting
Analysis of soil
determine the physical characteristics of a soil, such as its water content, void ratio or bulk density. Soil testing can also provide information related to
Soil_test
Quantity of water contained in a material
in a wide range of scientific and technical areas. It is expressed as a ratio, which can range from 0 (completely dry) to the value of the materials'
Water_content
Process of chemical precipitation bonding sedimentary grains
geotechnical behavior is limited. The clay confinement maintains a large void ratio even at high effective stresses, allowing the interparticle forces to
Cementation_(geology)
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Rotary-pressure_sounding
Procedure to assess particle size distribution
various sizes of aggregate. By having a dense gradation, most of the air voids between the material are filled with particles. A dense gradation will result
Sieve_analysis
Amount of water an aquifer releases while staying saturated
water (N•m−3 or [ML−2T−2]) n is the porosity of the material (dimensionless ratio between 0 and 1) βp is the compressibility of the bulk aquifer material
Specific_storage
Response of a structure to oscillation
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Response_spectrum
Ratio of cation radius to anion radius
voids. In a given structure, the ratio of cation radius to anion radius is called the radius ratio. This is simply given by rC/rA. The radius ratio rule
Cation-anion_radius_ratio
{e}{1+e}}} where e {\displaystyle e} is void ratio, n {\displaystyle n} is porosity, VV is the volume of void-space (air and water), VS is the volume
Aquifer_properties
random noise. Seismoelectrical method also has a very low signal-to-noise ratio, because the attenuation of electromagnetic waves inside the earth is 1/r^3
Seismoelectrical_method
Tires designed for use on snow and ice
summer tires include the following: An open, deep tread, with a high void ratio between rubber and spaces between the solid rubber Shoulder blocks, a
Snow_tire
Manner in which fluids behave when flowing through a porous medium
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Fluid flow through porous media
Fluid_flow_through_porous_media
Type of earthwork
Recent developments concern embankments with reduced foot-print (slenderness ratio higher than 1), or associating different structural components or fills
Rockfall protection embankment
Rockfall_protection_embankment
Process in geotechnical engineering to increase soil density
load-bearing capacity of fine-grained and gypsiferous soils by reducing void ratio and increasing dry density, which enhances particle interlocking and overall
Soil_compaction
Behavior of soil under varying stresses
{\displaystyle p-q} space. The pre-consolidation pressure evolves as the void ratio ( e {\displaystyle e} ) (and therefore the specific volume v {\displaystyle
Critical_state_soil_mechanics
Function of the type of soil
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Stress_distribution_in_soil
factors governing fluid flow and distribution are the grain surface-to-volume ratio and grain shape. The idea that the pore space is made up of a network of
Pore_structure
Applied branch of geophysics and economic geology
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Exploration_geophysics
the load/displacement curve during cold pressing, (centre) the density (void ratio) map within a formed piece and (right) the dark annular region evidenced
Compaction_of_ceramic_powders
Document security method
In security printing, void pantograph refers to a method of making copy-evident and tamper-resistant patterns in the background of a document. Normally
Void_pantograph
Technique for creating microscopic structures
increased mechanical resistance to shear stresses, enabling a higher void ratio and hence more efficient operation. Second, the 3D porous filter can efficiently
Multiphoton_lithography
Non-crystalline solid
and water holding capacity of soils. The low bulk density and high void ratios are mostly due to glass shards and other porous minerals not becoming
Amorphous_solid
} – void fraction, dimensionless ρ – density of a phase, kg/m3 x – steam quality, dimensionless. There are a number of correlations for slip ratio. For
Slip_ratio_(gas–liquid_flow)
Bricks used in traditional Sikh architecture
water into the bricks from the fresh mortar. The porosity value (volume of void spaces [cracks and pores] and the total volume) impacts clay brick quality
Nanakshahi_bricks
Magnitude of the shear stress that a soil can sustain
ions on grain and in pore fluid. State (initial): Defined by the initial void ratio, effective normal stress and shear stress (stress history). State can
Shear_strength_(soil)
space is the void ratio, which compares the current volume of the pores to the current volume of the solid matrix. As such, the void ratio takes definition
Poromechanics
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
List_of_landslides
Gravel Peat Loam Loess Properties Hydraulic conductivity Water content Void ratio Bulk density Thixotropy Reynolds' dilatancy Angle of repose Friction angle
Natchez_silt_loam
Method of measuring soil consolidation
Using a load increment ratio of 1/2 provides a sufficient number of data points to describe the relationship between void ratio and effective stress for
Oedometer_test
Base-cation saturation ratio (BCSR) is a method of interpreting soil test results that is widely used in sustainable agriculture, supported by the National
Base-cation_saturation_ratio
Ustochrept Vegetation and slope stability - Vertisol - Vibro stone column - Void ratio Water content - Weathering - White-eye (soil) - Windsor (soil) - World
Index of soil-related articles
Index_of_soil-related_articles
North American geological formation
Sediments, and Erosion. University of Missouri Press. ISBN 0-8262-0836-3. Void ratio of sand Argonne National Laboratory, Division of Educational Program Twin
St._Peter_Sandstone
Distinction between nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio variables
four levels, or scales, of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. This framework of distinguishing levels of measurement originated in psychology
Level_of_measurement
Device to couple energy between circuits
transformer, with voltage ratio and winding turns ratio both being inversely proportional to the corresponding current ratio. The load impedance referred
Transformer
Topics referred to by the same term
may refer to: Degree of saturation (earth sciences), a ratio of liquid to the total volume of voids in a porous material Degree of saturation (traffic),
Degree_of_saturation
Largest pyramid in the Giza Necropolis, Egypt
team state that the void is completely different from previously identified construction spaces. To verify and pinpoint the void, a team from Kyushu University
Great_Pyramid_of_Giza
Mass per unit volume
Density (volumetric mass density or specific mass) is the ratio of a substance's mass to its volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ (the
Density
Main parameter determining concrete strength and durability
The water–cement ratio (w/c ratio, or water-to-cement ratio, sometimes also called the Water-Cement Factor, f) is the ratio of the mass of water (w) to
Water–cement_ratio
Heritage-listed post office in South Perth, Western Australia
fabric (the solid) remains. There are no voids left in this important street elevation, thus the solid void ratio and the rhythm of the masonry patterns
South_Perth_Post_Office
Technique for finding an extremum of a function
four points whose three interval widths are in the ratio φ:1:φ, where φ is the golden ratio. These ratios are maintained for each iteration and are maximally
Golden-section_search
Automotive transmission technology
automatic transmission that can change through a continuous range of gear ratios, typically resulting in better fuel economy in gasoline applications. This
Continuously variable transmission
Continuously_variable_transmission
Chemical or mixture used in a rocket engine
of propellant requires consistency and repeatability to avoid cracks and voids in the completed motor. The blending and casting take place under computer
Rocket_propellant
Alloy of iron and carbon
neither strength nor stiffness and the space occupied by graphite acts like a void, thereby creating a spongy material. Gray iron is a common engineering alloy
Gray_iron
Industrialist and technologist (born 1971)
Kolodny (January 30, 2024). "Elon Musk's $56 billion Tesla compensation voided by judge, shares slide". CNBC. Archived from the original on January 31
Elon_Musk
Mathematical book authored by Galileo Galilei
is zero. Such medium can only be the void. Similar considerations hold for the speeds of motions and the ratio of these speeds. Galileo investigates
De_motu_antiquiora
Image dithering algorithm
Equivalently, the size of the map selected should be equal to or larger than the ratio of source colors to target colors. For example, when quantizing a 24 bpp
Ordered_dithering
2024 Marvel Studios film
the Void, a wasteland at the end of time. Wade claims the TVA can change events in Logan's past, convincing him to work together to escape the Void. The
Deadpool_&_Wolverine
Standards and guidelines for designing plastic parts for manufacturing
material during molding. It is recommended that hole depth-to-diameter ratio should not be more than 2. Rib features help in strengthening the molded
Design_of_plastic_components
Object-oriented programming principle
subclass Square virtual void setWidth(double width) noexcept { this->width = width; } // declared virtual for subclass Square virtual void setHeight(double height)
Liskov_substitution_principle
ISO collection of international standards
spatial shape of the data. These parameters are calculated from the material ratio curve (Abbott-Firestone curve). These feature parameters are derived from
ISO_25178
Type of motorcycle
and the Tuono 660, at the 2019 EICMA show. The two were intended to fill a void in the range from the Noale manufacturer, to be able to compete with Japanese
Aprilia_RS660
President of the United States (2017–2021; since 2025)
2025, the appeals court upheld his liability and nonmonetary penalties but voided the monetary penalty as excessive. In connection with Trump's efforts to
Donald_Trump
Parameter used to calculate the volume change of a fluid or solid in response to pressure
solids and voids (or same as porosity). The void space can be full of liquid or gas. Geologic materials reduce in volume only when the void spaces are
Compressibility
Invalid ballot that is not counted
determines that it is spoilt (chiefly British), spoiled (chiefly American), void, null, informal, invalid, rejected or stray. This may occur accidentally
Spoilt_vote
Type of plastic composite material
much lower void content (-1%) in the injection-molded samples in comparison with the extrudates. Another factor playing an important role in void formation
Short_fiber_thermoplastics
Equipment generating a relative vacuum
but low compression ratio Multistage Roots pump that combine several stages providing high pumping speed with better compression ratio Toepler pump Lobe
Vacuum_pump
Clay soil prone to swelling and shrinking
slab-on-grade construction with underlying crossbeams. Void spaces beneath foundations, created with void forms, provide empty spaces for swelling soil to move
Expansive_clay
Manual transmission
order to avoid premature wear or failure of internal parts as well as voiding the factory warranty. Pennzoil Synchromesh is one such petroleum based
Chrysler_NSG370_transmission
Mathematics award
Retrieved 22 June 2023. Jackson, Allyn (October 2004). "As If Summoned from the Void: The Life of Alexandre Grothendieck" (PDF). Notices of the American Mathematical
Fields_Medal
Lighting used to reduce the contrast of a scene
unfilled voids in low areas neither light reaches. Part of the learning curve with lighting is experimenting with various highlight:shadow reflected ratios and
Fill_light
Electrical connection
Layout constraint Keep-Out Zone (KOZ) due to piezoresistive stress Prominent defect modes Void formation, Interface delamination, Stress-induced voiding
Through-silicon_via
Ratio of protein excreted in urine
Urine protein/creatinine ratio is a widely used initial method to estimate daily protein excretion in urine. Since the diagnosis and management of proteinuric
Urine protein/creatinine ratio
Urine_protein/creatinine_ratio
Software analysis method to identify structural units in code
26 #define MAXROW 20 #define MAXCOUNT 90 #define ITERATIONS 750 int main (void) { int count = 0, totals[MAXCOLUMNS], val = 0; memset (totals, 0, MAXCOLUMNS
Linear_code_sequence_and_jump
Slender type of skyscraper
tower) is a high-rise building or skyscraper with a very high slenderness ratio, meaning it is very tall while being very thin. There is no universal definition
Pencil_tower
Interconnect between layers in HDI substrates and PCBs
hence decreases microvia fatigue life. As for voids, different voiding conditions, such as different void sizes, shapes, and locations result in different
Microvia
Revision of the C++ programming language released in 2026
example, the syntax void f(int a...); is incompatible with C, detrimental to C++,[further explanation needed] and easily replaceable with void f(int a, ...);
C++26
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