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Public-key cryptographic pseudorandom function
In cryptography, a verifiable random function (VRF) is a public-key pseudorandom function that provides proofs that its outputs were calculated correctly
Verifiable_random_function
Topics referred to by the same term
VUF can refer to: Verifiable unpredictable function, a public-key one-way function in cryptography; see Verifiable random function Vänsterns Ungdomsförbund
VUF
Topics referred to by the same term
refer to: Variable refrigerant flow, for heating and cooling Verifiable random function, in cryptography Virtual routing and forwarding Vitiligo Research
VRF
Class of functions in cryptography
pseudo-randomness is essentially a Verifiable Unpredictable Function (VUF). A verifiable unpredictable function is defined analogously to a Verifiable Pseudorandom
Pseudorandom_permutation
Concept in cryptography
scheme is verifiable if auxiliary information is included that allows players to verify their shares as consistent. More formally, verifiable secret sharing
Verifiable_secret_sharing
platform 2019 Algorand ALGO Silvio Micali Go PoS Uses a verifiable random function to randomly select groups of users to certify blocks. 2020 Avalanche
List_of_cryptocurrencies
System that regulates the formation of blocks on a blockchain
validators using a verifiable random function with probabilities of being elected higher with higher stake. Validators then randomly take turns producing
Proof_of_stake
way: Replacing the randomly chosen c {\displaystyle c} by a 'secure hash' function with m {\displaystyle m} as input value. Verifiable secret sharing Chunming
Publicly verifiable secret sharing
Publicly_verifiable_secret_sharing
Verifiable computing (or verified computation or verified computing) enables a computer to offload the computation of some function, to other perhaps
Verifiable_computing
Function computed by two parties that emulates a random oracle
output from true randomness. The function is called an oblivious pseudorandom function, because the second party is oblivious to the function's output. This
Oblivious pseudorandom function
Oblivious_pseudorandom_function
Israeli mathematician and computer scientist (1931–2026)
professor. While there, Rabin invented the Miller–Rabin primality test, a randomized algorithm that can determine very quickly (but with a tiny probability
Michael_O._Rabin
Symmetric-key algorithm Time-based one-time password Twofish Verifiable random function Bitcoin Core Bitkey Electrum Exodus Wallet MetaMask Dash Firo
List of cryptographic software
List_of_cryptographic_software
Cryptographic scheme
construct in the random oracle model. Given a hash function H with a 3k bit output, to commit the k-bit message m, Alice generates a random k bit string R
Commitment_scheme
Controversial pseudorandom number generator
Q An elliptic curve random number generator avoids escrow keys by choosing a point Q on the elliptic curve as verifiably random. Intentional use of escrow
Dual_EC_DRBG
Post-quantum digital signature scheme
signatures", which was addressed by a 2016 paper. Furthermore, it doesn't have verifiable index selection (the path through the trees), which enables another kind
SPHINCS+
Method for dividing a secret among multiple parties
player might lie about his own share to gain access to other shares. A verifiable secret sharing (VSS) scheme allows players to be certain that no other
Secret_sharing
Proving validity without revealing other data
Knowledge (SNARK), Scalable Transparent ARgument of Knowledge (STARK), Verifiable Polynomial Delegation (VPD), and Succinct Non-interactive ARGuments (SNARG)
Zero-knowledge_proof
Multiparty cryptographic process
synchronous. All parties use Pedersen's verifiable secret sharing protocol to share the results of two random polynomial functions. Every party then verifies all
Distributed_key_generation
Digital signature scheme
consists of three functions: generate, sign, and verify. Key generation The key generation algorithm selects the private key by picking a random integer x ∈
BLS_digital_signature
Approach to public-key cryptography
that are easy to implement securely and are designed in a fully publicly verifiable way to minimize the chance of a backdoor. Shor's algorithm can be used
Elliptic-curve_cryptography
Type of data structure
Likai Liu. "Bitrot Resistance on a Single Drive". likai.org. "General Verifiable Federation". Google Wave Protocol. Archived from the original on 2018-04-08
Merkle_tree
Meromorphic function on the complex plane
definition of the term L-function must be viewed: one would like to define the term "L-function" in such a way that L-functions verifiably satisfy the Great
L-function
Tables comparing general and technical information for common hashes
hash function security/cryptanalysis can be found at hash function security summary. Basic general information about the cryptographic hash functions: year
Comparison of cryptographic hash functions
Comparison_of_cryptographic_hash_functions
Theorem in computational complexity theory
{\displaystyle \operatorname {poly} (n)} that is formally verifiable with 99% accuracy by a randomized algorithm that inspects only K {\displaystyle K} letters
PCP_theorem
Method for enciphering information releasable after a specified time has passed
be used in creating further cryptographic primitives, such as verifiable delay functions and zero knowledge proofs. Time-released cryptography can be achieved
Time-lock_puzzle
above ) be either generated randomly from a secure random number generator for each exchange or created in a verifiable fashion using a "nothing up my
Ring learning with errors key exchange
Ring_learning_with_errors_key_exchange
Cryptographic primitive
pairing-based cryptography, which allow for the creation of short and easily verifiable proofs of the truth of a statement. Unlike interactive zero-knowledge
Non-interactive zero-knowledge proof
Non-interactive_zero-knowledge_proof
International standard
associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate
Cryptographic_Message_Syntax
Stream cipher
associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate
CryptMT
Complexity class used to classify decision problems
for which the problem instances, where the answer is "yes", have proofs verifiable in polynomial time by a deterministic Turing machine, or alternatively
NP_(complexity)
Secure multi-party computation protocol
studies how to perform a secure multi-party computation of the boolean-XOR function. David Chaum first proposed this problem in the early 1980s and used it
Dining_cryptographers_problem
Digital asset using a distributed ledger
that can record transactions between two parties efficiently and in a verifiable and permanent way". For use as a distributed ledger, a blockchain is typically
Cryptocurrency
Cryptographic algorithm created by Adi Shamir
import print_function import random import functools # 12th Mersenne Prime _PRIME = 2 ** 127 - 1 _RINT = functools.partial(random.SystemRandom().randint
Shamir's_secret_sharing
for a trusted third party i.e. that the time of the timestamp should be verifiable independently from the issuer of the timestamp. There are different algorithms
Hash_calendar
Cryptography number with no hidden properties
so-called "verifiably at random" selection of elliptic curves. This is in fact just the result of applying a cryptographic hash function to any piece
Nothing-up-my-sleeve_number
Proprietary secure remote access software developed for Windows
associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate
Bitvise
Probability distribution
of random variables having two other known distributions. Given two (usually independent) random variables X and Y, the distribution of the random variable
Ratio_distribution
Mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital documents
product of two random secret distinct large primes, along with integers, e and d, such that e d ≡ 1 (mod φ(N)), where φ is Euler's totient function. The signer's
Digital_signature
z\equiv x^{r}\mod n} . Cohen, Josh; Ficsher, Michael (1985). A Robust and Verifiable Cryptographically Secure Election Scheme (PDF). Proceedings of 26th IEEE
Benaloh_cryptosystem
on any blockchain, thereby increasing efficiency. Hyperbridge presents verifiable cryptographic proofs on-chain to validate results of off-chain computation
Hyperbridge
Model in network science
P. L.; Redner, S.; Leyvraz, F. (2000-11-20). "Connectivity of Growing Random Networks". Physical Review Letters. 85 (21). American Physical Society (APS):
Bianconi–Barabási_model
British voice encryption device
associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate
BID_150
Subfield of cryptography
cryptography with the goal of creating methods for parties to jointly compute a function over their inputs while keeping those inputs private. Unlike traditional
Secure multi-party computation
Secure_multi-party_computation
Asymmetric cryptographic primitive
following properties: Correctness: Any signcryption scheme should be verifiably correct. Efficiency: The computational costs and communication overheads
Signcryption
1\}^{\ell }} be some cryptographically secure hash function. Choose a key k {\displaystyle k} as a random r {\displaystyle r} -bit bitstring. Then, to accumulate
Accumulator_(cryptography)
Unsolved problem in computer science
instances of this problem. Therefore, generalized Sudoku is in NP (quickly verifiable), but may or may not be in P (quickly solvable). (It is necessary to consider
P_versus_NP_problem
Academic method for creative thinking
built on the thesis that certain patterns are identifiable, objectively verifiable, widely applied, and learnable, and that these patterns, termed templates
Systematic_inventive_thinking
Generic space–time tradeoff cryptographic attack
{DEC}}_{k_{2}}(C))\\\end{aligned}}} where ENC is the encryption function, DEC the decryption function defined as ENC−1 (inverse mapping) and k1 and k2 are two
Meet-in-the-middle_attack
Proof that a number is prime
checking for modular exponentiation with Pietrzak's verifiable delay function for producing an easily verifiable "proof" of a modular exponentiation to a power
Primality_certificate
E2E verifiable e-voting system
Electronic with Integrity and Enforced Privacy (DRE-ip) is an End-to-End (E2E) verifiable e-voting system without involving any tallying authorities, proposed by
DRE-i_with_enhanced_privacy
Probabilistic primality test
exponentiation. Selected intermediate results, combined with a verifiable delay function, are used to generate a "proof" file for verifying the authenticity
Fermat_primality_test
International standard
services produce time-stamp tokens, which are data structures containing a verifiable cryptographic binding between a data item's representation and a time-value
ISO/IEC_18014
Property of computer data storage
Blockchains add cryptography to the logs so that every transaction is verifiable. Append-only data structures may also be mandated by the hardware or software
Append-only
Encryption techniques where an adversary cannot prove that the plaintext data exists
Cryptographic technique Deniable authentication – Message authentication verifiable only by participants dm-crypt – Disk encryption software Key disclosure
Deniable_encryption
Set of problems in computational complexity theory
specifies two transition functions, so that the selection of transition function at each step resembles a coin flip. The randomness introduced at each step
Complexity_class
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
view are presented based on their prominence. Information must also be verifiable. Information without citations may be tagged or removed entirely. This
Wikipedia
Award
associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate
Levchin_Prize
Italian-American computer scientist (born 1954)
his fundamental early work on public-key cryptosystems, pseudorandom functions, digital signatures, oblivious transfer, secure multiparty computation
Silvio_Micali
Testable implication of local hidden-variable theories
games has been harnessed to construct protocols for verifiable quantum delegation, certifiable randomness expansion, and device-independent cryptography.
CHSH_inequality
Vote counting system
designed to offer integrity, privacy, and transparency. The system is voter-verifiable, provides an end-to-end (E2E) audit mechanism, and issues a ballot receipt
Punchscan
distance • Universal composability • Universal one-way hash function (UOWHF) Venona project • Verifiable secret sharing • Verisign • Very smooth hash • VEST •
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
Book by Stephen Wolfram
been criticized for being vague, unmathematical, and not making directly verifiable predictions. It has also been criticized for being contrary to the spirit
A_New_Kind_of_Science
Concept involving online bot activity
declines in content quality or repetitive online interactions, rather than verifiable data. Researchers also note that many forms of bot activity, such as spam
Dead_Internet_theory
Statistic which divides a data set into 100 parts and analyzes it as a percentage
the percentile approximates the percentile function, the inverse of the cumulative distribution function. A related quantity is the percentile rank of
Percentile
Conformance of AI to intended objectives
reasoning when answering questions, which enables better transparency and verifiability. Researchers at OpenAI and Anthropic proposed using human feedback and
AI_alignment
Economics concept
coherence with reality. Many of the claims of religions are not easily verifiable in the day-to-day world. There are many competing religious theories about
Rational_irrationality
List of concepts in artificial intelligence
involves random objective functions or random constraints. Stochastic optimization methods also include methods with random iterates. Some stochastic
Glossary of artificial intelligence
Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence
be a program in the command path (usually $PATH), a builtin command, a function or alias. Path completion is the completion of the path to a file, relative
Comparison_of_command_shells
Concept in science
of nonnegative definite functions and Algebraic Probability Theory Imre Z. Ruzsa and Gábor J. Székely proved that if a random variable X has a signed
Negative_probability
Theory that attempts to blend economics and ergodic theory
visit all parts of the space that the system moves in, in a uniform and random sense. Ergodicity implies that the average behaviour along a single trajectory
Ergodicity_economics
Standardized performance evaluation
within a specified range of the disk rather than the full disk, measure random access reading speed and latency, have a "quick scan" feature which measures
Benchmark_(computing)
Account that presents connected events
phenomena—oftentimes absent of a verifiable author. These explanatory tales manifest themselves in various forms and serve different societal functions, including life
Narrative
a response, Y (the modeled random variable), and two components that deliver variation to Y: The linear predictor function, LP (denoted η): η = β 0 +
Response_modeling_methodology
German identity card
DEUTSCHLAND BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND machine-verifiable structure: a red spot which can be checked by machines 3D eagle: a red-gold
German_residence_permit
Artificial intelligence field of study
(2020-04-20). "Toward Trustworthy AI Development: Mechanisms for Supporting Verifiable Claims". arXiv:2004.07213. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal=
AI_safety
strengthened their routine to issue identity cards, so only near relatives verifiable by the banks, in reality only parents or adult children, could guarantee
Identity_documents_in_Sweden
Astrological chart or diagram
astrology is still yet to be demonstrated. In conclusion, astrology has no verifiable mechanism behind it and astrologers follow no sort of scientific method
Horoscope
Block cipher
associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate
CRYPTON
Free and open-source anonymity network
co-designer of cryptographic functions, including the Miyaguchi-Preneel construction, RIPEMD hash function, and the MUGI pseudo-random number generator. He is
Nym_(mixnet)
Statistical distribution
distribution (GIG) is the distribution of the sum of independent gamma distributed random variables, all with integer shape parameters and different rate parameters
Generalized integer gamma distribution
Generalized_integer_gamma_distribution
Reproduction by closely related organisms
individuals are crossed to produce progeny. In outcrossing, unless there is verifiable genetic information, one may find that all individuals are distantly related
Inbreeding
Form of encryption that allows computation on ciphertexts
encrypted documents Secure multi-party computation – Subfield of cryptography Verifiable computing using a fully homomorphic scheme Technology, Massachusetts Institute
Homomorphic_encryption
Time-Sharing System CUA—Common User Access C-V2X—Cellular V2X CVC—Card Verifiable Certificate CVE—Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures CVS—Concurrent Versions
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
Microsoft open source framework
programming that prioritizes highly-available data storage and a universally-verifiable data log implemented a ledger abstraction. As a permissioned framework
Confidential Consortium Framework
Confidential_Consortium_Framework
Cryptocurrency, whose blockchain operates the .bit TLD
associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate
Namecoin
Intelligence of machines
problems. This "narrow" and "formal" focus allowed researchers to produce verifiable results and collaborate with other fields (such as statistics, economics
Artificial_intelligence
Business process improvement technique
leadership and support Commitment to making decisions on the basis of verifiable data and statistical methods rather than assumptions and guesswork In
Six_Sigma
Race of beings in Germanic mythology
"Trollkona". Old Icelandic Dictionary. Retrieved 18 April 2022. "Jotun". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. 21 April 2018. Archived from the
Jötunn
computation Mental poker Schoenmakers, Berry (1999). "A Simple Publicly Verifiable Secret Sharing Scheme and Its Application to Electronic Voting". Advances
Homomorphic_secret_sharing
of computation, typically that of a stack machine, register machine, or random access machine often called the memory machine. Use of these three methods
Comparison of application virtualization software
Comparison_of_application_virtualization_software
Projective psychological test created in 1921
including the objectivity of testers and inter-rater reliability, the verifiability and general validity of the test, bias in the test's pathology scales
Rorschach_test
intimidation Style of proof where claims believed by the author to be easily verifiable are labelled as 'obvious' or 'trivial', which often results in the reader
Glossary of mathematical jargon
Glossary_of_mathematical_jargon
Proving or disproving the correctness of certain intended algorithms
formally verified C compiler implementing the majority of ISO C. Look up verifiability in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Automated theorem proving Model
Formal_verification
Vehicle telematics service
the Year award for 2002-2003 September 2004 - the fastest route search function, Bluetooth released a new CARWINGS navigation with wireless communications
CarWings
Suite of advanced driver-assistance system features
dismissal, "these vague statements of corporate optimism are not objectively verifiable". However, Tesla's lawyers also argued that other statements including
Tesla_Autopilot
Ad-hoc or unofficial vote
private organizations, they are not subject to public oversight or verifiability. However, they provide important interactive dialogue among movements
Straw_poll
Estimation method that minimizes the mean square error
For random vectors, since the MSE for estimation of a random vector is the sum of the MSEs of the coordinates, finding the MMSE estimator of a random vector
Minimum mean square error estimator
Minimum_mean_square_error_estimator
American maritime law enforcement agency
headquartered at Honolulu Harbor. In 2024, the agency dissolved and its functions, staff, and equipemnt were merged into the Hawaii Department of Law Enforcement
Hawaii_Harbor_Police
Eval): 541 instructions to be followed, each containing at least one verifiable constraint, such as "mention the keyword of AI at least 3 times". LMArena
Language_model_benchmark
American philosopher and psychologist (1842–1910)
truth as "agreement with reality". This is multilayered: truth is both verifiable to the extent that thoughts and statements correspond with actual things
William_James
VERIFIABLE RANDOM-FUNCTION
VERIFIABLE RANDOM-FUNCTION
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Randy, RANDI means "worthy of admiration."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Rand 1, from the Old French oblique case.
Boy/Male
English
Son of Rand.
Female
English
Short form of English Miranda, RANDA means "worthy of admiration."Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Ransom.
Male
Hungarian
 Variant spelling of Hungarian András, ANDOR means "man; warrior." Compare with another form of Andor.
Boy/Male
English American
Son of Rand.
Male
Scandinavian
 Scandinavian form of Old Norse Randolfr, RANDOLF means "shield-wolf." Compare with another form of Randolf.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained; perhaps a variant of Francom.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Rand 1.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Brandon.
Male
Norwegian
 Norwegian form of Old Norse Arnþórr, ANDOR means "eagle of Thor." Compare with another form of Andor.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Veritable Nectar
Male
English
Pet form of English Randall and Randolph, both RANDY means "shield-wolf." Compare with feminine Randy.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant of Crandon, a habitational name from Crandon in Somerset or Crandean in Falmer, Sussex. Compare Grandin.
Female
English
Pet form of English Miranda, RANDY means "worthy of admiration."Â Compare with masculine Randy.Â
Male
English
 Variant spelling of Middle English Randulf, RANDOLF means "shield-wolf." Compare with other forms of Randolf.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly East Anglia)
English (chiefly East Anglia) : patronymic from the Middle English personal name Rand(e) (see Rand 1).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Randall.Americanized spelling of Randel.
Male
English
Medieval form of English Randolf, RANDAL means "shield-wolf."
VERIFIABLE RANDOM-FUNCTION
VERIFIABLE RANDOM-FUNCTION
Boy/Male
Tamil
Ravinandan | ரவிநஂதநÂ
Karna
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Telugu
Growth
Boy/Male
Shakespearean Greek Latin
The History of Troilus and Cressida' A Greek commander.
Male
Hebrew
(רָבִיד) Hebrew name RAVID means "jewelry, ornament."
Girl/Female
American, Arabic, Australian, Christian, Gaelic, German, Irish, Latin, Muslim
From the Fairy Palace; Blind; Irish Form of Cecilia; Combination of Shay and Layla
Boy/Male
Bengali, Indian, Marathi
A Little Boy who Whole Heartedly Worshipper of Lord Buddha
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Purity; Refinement
Girl/Female
Tamil
Male
Norse
Contracted form of Old Norse StÃgandr, STÃGR means "wanderer."
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from a place La Manche in France, so named from Old French mont ‘hill’ (see Mont 1) + agu ‘pointed’ (Latin acutus, from acus ‘needle’, ‘point’).Irish : English surname adopted as equivalent of Gaelic Mac Taidhg, a patronymic from the byname Tadhg (see McTigue).
VERIFIABLE RANDOM-FUNCTION
VERIFIABLE RANDOM-FUNCTION
VERIFIABLE RANDOM-FUNCTION
VERIFIABLE RANDOM-FUNCTION
VERIFIABLE RANDOM-FUNCTION
n.
Ransom.
n.
Anything driven at random.
n.
To exact a ransom for, or a payment on.
a.
Capable of being verified; confirmable.
a.
Capable of being vitrified, or converted into glass by heat and fusion; as, flint and alkalies are vitrifiable.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Ransom
v. t.
True; real; actual; veritable.
a.
That may be vitrified; vitrifiable.
imp. & p. p.
of Ransom
n.
Random.
n.
A roving motion; course without definite direction; want of direction, rule, or method; hazard; chance; -- commonly used in the phrase at random, that is, without a settled point of direction; at hazard.
n.
Extra hazard; chance; accident; random.
v. i.
To go or stray at random.
adv.
In a random manner.
a.
Vitrifiable.
a.
Going at random or by chance; done or made at hazard, or without settled direction, aim, or purpose; hazarded without previous calculation; left to chance; haphazard; as, a random guess.
n.
To redeem from captivity, servitude, punishment, or forfeit, by paying a price; to buy out of servitude or penalty; to rescue; to deliver; as, to ransom prisoners from an enemy.
n.
The release of a captive, or of captured property, by payment of a consideration; redemption; as, prisoners hopeless of ransom.
n.
Distance to which a missile is cast; range; reach; as, the random of a rifle ball.