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Verifiable computing (or verified computation or verified computing) enables a computer to offload the computation of some function, to other perhaps
Verifiable_computing
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up verification, vérification, verify, verifiability, verifiable, or verified in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Verification or verify may refer
Verification
Concept in cryptography
scheme is verifiable if auxiliary information is included that allows players to verify their shares as consistent. More formally, verifiable secret sharing
Verifiable_secret_sharing
Form of encryption that allows computation on ciphertexts
documents Secure multi-party computation – Subfield of cryptography Verifiable computing using a fully homomorphic scheme Technology, Massachusetts Institute
Homomorphic_encryption
Public-key cryptographic pseudorandom function
In cryptography, a verifiable random function (VRF) is a public-key pseudorandom function that provides proofs that its outputs were calculated correctly
Verifiable_random_function
Source code in computing for troubleshooting
"reproducible example"), a minimal working example (MWE), a minimal complete verifiable example (MCVE), or a short self-contained correct example (SSCCE). How
Minimal_reproducible_example
Hardware or firmware of computer chips
researchers have developed a way to corroborate a chip's operation using verifiable computing whereby "manufactured for sale" chips contain an embedded verification
Hardware_backdoor
Concept in computing
In computing, split-brain is a state indicating data or availability inconsistencies originating from the maintenance of two separate data sets with overlap
Split-brain_(computing)
computing from 2020 to the present. For narratives explaining the overall developments, see the history of computing. Significant events in computing
Timeline of computing 2020–present
Timeline_of_computing_2020–present
Card Verifiable Certificates (CVC) are digital certificates that are designed to be processed by devices with limited computing power such as smart cards
Card_Verifiable_Certificate
The history of computing extends beyond the history of computing hardware and modern computing technology including earlier methods that relied on pen
History_of_computing
Privacy-enhancing computing technique
Confidential computing is a security and privacy-enhancing computational technique focused on protecting data in use. Confidential computing can be used
Confidential_computing
Israeli computer scientist
Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC), Chicago, Illinois, USA, May 1988, pages 1-10. Tal Rabin and Michael Ben-Or for "Verifiable Secret Sharing and Multiparty
Michael_Ben-Or
Voting system
End-to-end auditable or end-to-end voter verifiable (E2E) systems are voting systems with stringent integrity properties and strong tamper resistance.
End-to-end_auditable_voting
Award
The ACM Prize in Computing was established by the Association for Computing Machinery to recognize individuals for early to mid-career innovative contributions
ACM_Prize_in_Computing
Standardized performance evaluation
measure the performance of batch computing, especially high volume concurrent batch and online computing. Batch computing tends to be much more focused on
Benchmark_(computing)
This is a list of computing and IT acronyms, initialisms and abbreviations. 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also References
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
Israeli-American computer scientist
(2008), "The 2008 Edsger W. Dijkstra Prize in Distributed Computing", Distributed Computing: 22nd International Symposium, DISC 2008, Arcachon, France
Baruch_Awerbuch
Quantum computing chip
quantum computing chip". www.bbc.com. 9 December 2024. Retrieved 2025-01-12. Williams, Kevin (2024-12-22). "What Google's quantum computing breakthrough
Willow_processor
Quantum computing implementation
Superconducting quantum computing is a branch of quantum computing and solid-state physics that implements superconducting electronic circuits as qubits
Superconducting quantum computing
Superconducting_quantum_computing
Darknet anonymity network
For sending information, Riffle uses a hybrid shuffle, consisted of a verifiable shuffle and a symmetric-key algorithm. The Hybrid Shuffle protocol consists
Riffle_(anonymity_network)
Research division of Google
Quantum AI is a research division of Google focused on developing quantum computing technologies. Started on 2012, it was started by Google scientist Hartmun
Google_Quantum_AI
Approach for designing software
prescribes that software designers should define formal, precise and verifiable interface specifications for software components, which extend the ordinary
Design_by_contract
Quantum version of the Byzantine agreement protocol
below. The Byzantine Agreement protocol is a protocol in distributed computing. It takes its name from a problem formulated by Lamport, Shostak and Pease
Quantum_Byzantine_agreement
Academic computer science journal
Formal Aspects of Computing (FAC) is a peer-reviewed Gold Open Access journal published by Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the BCS (British
Formal_Aspects_of_Computing
Academic journal
Theory of Computing is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering theoretical computer science. The journal was established in 2005 and is
Theory_of_Computing
American computer scientist
for Computing Machinery (ACM), the largest computing society in the world, until 2000. She joined ACM when her career focus shifted from computing research
Barbara_Simons
Irish computer scientist
aiming to distribute funds raised through the sale of carbon credits in a verifiable manner. Madhavapeddy graduated from Imperial College London in 1999,[citation
Anil_Madhavapeddy
Indian computer scientist
resilient overlay network (with David Andersen), and the rcc tool for verifiable Internet routing (with Nick Feamster). The CarTel project (2005-2010)
Hari_Balakrishnan
Microsoft open source framework
programming that prioritizes highly-available data storage and a universally-verifiable data log implemented a ledger abstraction. As a permissioned framework
Confidential Consortium Framework
Confidential_Consortium_Framework
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
view are presented based on their prominence. Information must also be verifiable. Information without citations may be tagged or removed entirely. This
Wikipedia
Proving validity without revealing other data
Things (IThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData)
Zero-knowledge_proof
Cryptographic primitive
pairing-based cryptography, which allow for the creation of short and easily verifiable proofs of the truth of a statement. Unlike interactive zero-knowledge
Non-interactive zero-knowledge proof
Non-interactive_zero-knowledge_proof
Subfield of cryptography
and protocol is about concealing partial information about data while computing with the data from many sources, and correctly producing outputs. By the
Secure multi-party computation
Secure_multi-party_computation
Event-driven, portable runtime for building microservices on cloud and edge
2020-10-22. Retrieved 2021-02-20. "Introducing verifiable execution in Dapr 1.18". Cloud Native Computing Foundation. 11 June 2026. Retrieved 31 July 2026
Dapr
German scientist
the first verifiable quantum advantage utilizing the "Quantum Echoes" algorithm. Executed on the Willow processor, the algorithm computes Out-of-Time-Ordered
Hartmut_Neven
Computing service
closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing it from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve this article by replacing such sources
AWS_CloudFormation
Cryptographer and theoretical computer scientist
Conference in 2017. She was awarded the 2022 ACM Prize in Computing "for breakthroughs in verifiable delegation of computation and fundamental contributions
Yael_Tauman_Kalai
digital artifacts including datasets, code, texts, and images are not verifiable nor permanent. Embedding cryptographic hash values to applied URIs has
TriX_(serialization_format)
closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing it from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve this article by replacing such sources
EXtensible_Tag_Framework
College of the University of Illinois
Retrieved 29 June 2026. "Computing at Illinois Timeline", The Grainger College of Engineering, Siebel School of Computing and Data Science webpage, 2026
Grainger College of Engineering
Grainger_College_of_Engineering
Consortium on random number generators
Technology's public randomness beacon. Verifiable randomness has numerous applications in blockchain computing, gaming, gambling, lotteries, elections
League_of_Entropy
Type of data structure
Transparency: when computing leaf node hashes, a 0x00 byte is prepended to the hash data, while 0x01 is prepended when computing internal node hashes
Merkle_tree
Function computed by two parties that emulates a random oracle
The OPRF construction can be extended in various ways. These include: verifiable, partially oblivious, threshold-secure, and post-quantum–secure versions
Oblivious pseudorandom function
Oblivious_pseudorandom_function
Turkish computer study center
Performance Computing". Archived from the original on 2009-10-03. Retrieved 2009-10-05. "National Center for High Performance Computing". Archived from
Istanbul Technical University National Center for High Performance Computing
Istanbul_Technical_University_National_Center_for_High_Performance_Computing
closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing it from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve this article by replacing such sources
Data Center Manageability Interface
Data_Center_Manageability_Interface
The polynomial hierarchy is contained in probabilistic Turing machine in polynomial time
the form of exactly counting the number of solutions to a polynomially-verifiable question (that is, to a question in NP), while loosely speaking, PP is
Toda's_theorem
closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing it from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve this article by replacing such sources
Virtual_Interface_Adapter
their formal verification. In formal methods, program refinement is the verifiable transformation of an abstract (high-level) formal specification into a
Refinement_(computing)
US computer programmer and author
closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing it from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve this article by replacing such sources
Herb_Sutter
Covert distress signal
confirmed before the current situation, so the family member or friend has verifiable evidence that something is wrong, and when the authorities are notified
Duress_code
Software framework for heterogeneous computing systems
(ILP) Parallel computing Simultaneous multithreading Superscalar processor Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) Variable SMP Thread (computing) McClure, Paul
Simultaneous and heterogeneous multithreading
Simultaneous_and_heterogeneous_multithreading
Unsolved problem in computer science
instances of this problem. Therefore, generalized Sudoku is in NP (quickly verifiable), but may or may not be in P (quickly solvable). (It is necessary to consider
P_versus_NP_problem
Due to the distinction between computers and computing, some of the research groups refer to computing or datalogy. The French refer to computer science
Computer and information science
Computer_and_information_science
Distributed computing management software
xCAT (Extreme Cloud Administration Toolkit) is open-source distributed computing management software developed by IBM, used for the deployment and administration
XCAT
Academic unit at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, US
of Computing and Information Science (formerly the Faculty of Computing and Information Science from 1999 to 2020), also known as Cornell Computing and
Cornell Computing and Information Science
Cornell_Computing_and_Information_Science
2000 American federal cyber law
website operator must include in a privacy policy, when and how to seek verifiable consent from a parent or guardian, and what responsibilities an operator
Children's Online Privacy Protection Act
Children's_Online_Privacy_Protection_Act
Object Management Group standard
layer was moved to a separate specification. Middleware Open architecture computing environment Object Management Group (OMG), standards body that developed
Data_Distribution_Service
Formal specification language created by Leslie Lamport
pseudocode, retaining its simplicity while providing a formally defined and verifiable language. A one-bit clock is written in PlusCal as follows: -- fair algorithm
PlusCal
Condition that must be satisfied for an engineered work to be acceptable
Such requirements must be rewritten to be verifiable. As stated above all requirements must be verifiable. Non-functional requirements, which are unverifiable
Requirement
AI-assisted coding environment
asynchronous task execution. To build user trust, agents generate "Artifacts"—verifiable deliverables such as task lists, implementation plans, screenshots, and
Google_Antigravity
American computer scientist (born 1942)
American computer scientist who works in the fields of distributed computing, parallel computing, cryptography, algorithms and data structures, and computational
Michael_J._Fischer
Israeli–American professor
of Engineering 2016 Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery 2014 ACM Prize in Computing (formerly called the ACM-Infosys Foundation award)
Dan_Boneh
Computer operating system for applications with critical timing constraints
in multitasking or multiprogramming environments. All operations must verifiably complete within given time and resource constraints or else the RTOS will
Real-time_operating_system
Complexity class used to classify decision problems
for which the problem instances, where the answer is "yes", have proofs verifiable in polynomial time by a deterministic Turing machine, or alternatively
NP_(complexity)
Wikipedia tag added to unsourced statements
Assessment of Wikipedia's Verifiability". The World Wide Web Conference. WWW '19. San Francisco, CA, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 1567–1578
Citation_needed
Multiparty cryptographic process
with verifiable complaints, all other parties reconstruct their own value sets in order to eliminate disqualified contributions. The group computes the
Distributed_key_generation
Chinese artificial intelligence company
company began constructing its first computing cluster, Fire-Flyer, at a cost of 200 million yuan. The computing cluster contained 1,100 GPUs interconnected
DeepSeek
Mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital documents
perfect digital signatures of anything. The public key owner must be verifiable: A public key associated with Bob actually came from Bob. This is commonly
Digital_signature
Distributed data store for digital transactions
blockchains may be considered secure by design and exemplify a distributed computing system with high Byzantine fault tolerance. A blockchain was created by
Blockchain
Prize for high performance computing
achievement in high-performance computing applications. The main purpose is to track the progress over time of parallel computing, by acknowledging and rewarding
Gordon_Bell_Prize
British scientist
at Kingston University, London, (and quadrupling enterprise income) in Computing, Information Systems and Mathematics while teaching the mathematical modelling
Robert_B._Mellor
in the 90s was that AI researchers focused on specific problems with verifiable solutions (an approach later derided as narrow AI). This provided useful
History of artificial intelligence
History_of_artificial_intelligence
Approach to public-key cryptography
publicly verifiable way to minimize the chance of a backdoor. Shor's algorithm can be used to break elliptic curve cryptography by computing discrete
Elliptic-curve_cryptography
Architectural pattern in software design
constraint of WOA, these AI systems can treat specific web data points as verifiable facts for generative responses. This alignment between RESTful principles
Web-oriented_architecture
Method for dividing a secret among multiple parties
player might lie about his own share to gain access to other shares. A verifiable secret sharing (VSS) scheme allows players to be certain that no other
Secret_sharing
American-Canadian computer scientist, contributor to complexity theory
of seventh annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing - STOC '75. New York: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 83–97. doi:10.1145/800116.803756
Stephen_Cook
Software library for computing discrete Fourier transforms
Fastest Fourier Transform in the West (FFTW) is a software library for computing discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) developed by Matteo Frigo and Steven
Fastest Fourier Transform in the West
Fastest_Fourier_Transform_in_the_West
Numerical computing environment and programming language
intended primarily for numeric computing, an optional toolbox uses the MuPAD symbolic engine allowing access to symbolic computing abilities. An additional
MATLAB
Formula computing the inverse of the sum of a matrix and the outer product of two vectors
alternate verification of the Sherman–Morrison formula using the easily verifiable identity ( I + w v T ) − 1 = I − w v T 1 + v T w {\displaystyle \left(I+wv^{\textsf
Sherman–Morrison_formula
Academic journal
for Mathematical Geosciences. It contains research and review papers in computing applied to geosciences. Its impact factor is 3.372. Geocomputation Geoinformatics
Computers_&_Geosciences
Informal name of a person, place, or thing
gives self-sourcing popular culture examples whose notability is not verifiable or meaningful in the context of the main topic. Please help improve this
Nickname
Intelligence of machines
approximation. Soft computing was introduced in the late 1980s and most successful AI programs in the 21st century are examples of soft computing with neural
Artificial_intelligence
Cryptographic scheme
that relies on maintaining two sets of secret data packets, publishing verifiable hashes of the data packets, and then selectively revealing partial secret
Commitment_scheme
Arch Linux-based Linux distribution optimized for performance
them with references to reliable sources. Content that is not properly verifiable may be challenged and removed. (July 2026) (Learn how and when to remove
CachyOS
Type of AI with wide-ranging abilities
respectability by focusing on specific sub-problems where AI can produce verifiable results and commercial applications, such as speech recognition and recommendation
Artificial general intelligence
Artificial_general_intelligence
School in Enfield, London, England
voluntary aided co-educational secondary school specialising in mathematics, computing and engineering, with a sixth form. It is a London Diocesan Church of
Bishop_Stopford's_School
Secure multi-party computation protocol
the normal case and verifiable DC-nets only upon disruption, to distribute accusations more quickly than is feasible using verifiable shuffles. Chaum DL
Dining_cryptographers_problem
Cryptographic protocol
with cryptography tools that produce output which can be later used as a verifiable record of the communication event and the identities of the participants
Off-the-Record Messaging protocol
Off-the-Record_Messaging_protocol
American software company
Layer0 Industry Platform as a Service, Serverless Computing, Cloud Computing Founded 2009 Founder Ajay Kapur, Ishan Anand Headquarters San Francisco, California
Layer0
Application of computation to the activities of journalism
information, while upholding values of journalism such as accuracy and verifiability. The field draws on technical aspects of computer science including
Computational_journalism
Programming language
Rob Pike worked), Go does not provide any built-in notion of safe or verifiable concurrency. While the communicating-processes model is favored in Go
Go_(programming_language)
Secure computing technology
Intel SGX enclaves to convert that "Report" structure into a remotely verifiable "Quote", which it would send to the system requesting attestation. Intel
Trust_Domain_Extensions
This computing article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.
Email_hub
Process of writing a self-compiling compiler
"Reproducible Builds — a set of software development practices that create an independently-verifiable path from source to binary code". reproducible-builds.org.
Bootstrapping_(compilers)
Higher-level programming standard for heterogeneous computing
Conference on High Performance Computing, Network, Storage, and Analysis. SC-W '23. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 1114–1125.
SYCL
U.S. scientific conference
Programming Languages Conference". Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library. Association for Computing Machinery. June 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2026
History of Programming Languages (conference)
History_of_Programming_Languages_(conference)
Indian computer scientist (born 1955)
Ashish Choudhary, Tal Rabin, C. Pandu Rangan: The Round Complexity of Verifiable Secret Sharing Revisited. Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2009, 29th Annual
C._Pandu_Rangan
Korean financial IT company
The Korea Securities Computing Corporation (Koscom; Korean: 코스콤) is a Korean financial IT company that provides the IT infrastructure to the Korean financial
Koscom
American computer scientist
Michael K. Reiter is a fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery and a James B. Duke Professor at Duke University. He was formerly the Lawrence
Michael Reiter (computer scientist)
Michael_Reiter_(computer_scientist)
VERIFIABLE COMPUTING
VERIFIABLE COMPUTING
VERIFIABLE COMPUTING
Boy/Male
Arabic African Muslim Biblical
Peace.
Female
Native American
Native American Navajo name SHADI means "older sister." Compare with masculine forms of Shadi.
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Indian
Most Intelligent; Full of Knowledge; Intelligent
Girl/Female
Christian, Danish, Finnish, German, Greek, Scandinavian, Swedish
Follower of Christ; Christian Woman; Variant Form of Christine
Male
English
English variant spelling of Visigothic Alaric, ALLRIC means "all-powerful; ruler of all."
Girl/Female
Greek
Goddess of youthful beauty.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Akhileswar | அகீலேஸà¯à®µà®°
Supreme being
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Lightining
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Victorious
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord of Sabari hill, Lord Ayyappa
VERIFIABLE COMPUTING
VERIFIABLE COMPUTING
VERIFIABLE COMPUTING
VERIFIABLE COMPUTING
VERIFIABLE COMPUTING
n.
Any wonderful story coming down from the past, but not verifiable by historical record; a myth; a fable.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Compute
p. p. & a.
Worked out by calculation; as calculated tables for computing interest; ascertained or conjectured as a result of calculation; as, the calculated place of a planet; the calculated velocity of a cannon ball.
v. t.
True; real; actual; veritable.
n.
The act or process of computing; calculation; reckoning.
v. i.
To make an enumeration or computation; to engage in numbering or computing.
a.
Capable of being vitrified, or converted into glass by heat and fusion; as, flint and alkalies are vitrifiable.
n.
A contrivance for computing the revolutions of a wheel; an odometer.
n.
A system of numbers, whose denominations rise in a scale of twelves, as of feet and inches. The system is used chiefly by artificers in computing the superficial and solid contents of their work.
a.
Not seeming or imaginary; not illusive; real; solid; true; veritable.
n.
An instrument for measuring the intensity of the photogenic (light-producing) rays, and computing the power of object glasses.
n.
A person or thing existing only in imagination, or whose actual existence is not verifiable.
n.
A king of Lydia who flourished in the 6th century b. c., and was renowned for his vast wealth; hence, a common appellation for a very rich man; as, he is a veritable Croesus.
n.
A quantity to be applied in computing the mean place or other element of a celestial body; that is, any one of the several quantities to be added to, or taken from, its position as calculated on the hypothesis of a mean uniform motion, in order to find its true position as resulting from its actual and unequal motion.
a.
That may be vitrified; vitrifiable.
n.
An arbitrary fixed date, for which the elements used in computing the place of a planet, or other heavenly body, at any other date, are given; as, the epoch of Mars; lunar elements for the epoch March 1st, 1860.
a.
Vitrifiable.
a.
Agreeable to truth or to fact; actual; real; true; genuine.
n.
The art of measuring and computing the cubical contents of bodies and figures; -- distinguished from planimetry.
a.
Capable of being verified; confirmable.