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Variable structure control (VSC) is a form of discontinuous nonlinear control. The method alters the dynamics of a nonlinear system by application of
Variable_structure_control
structure varies over different parts of their state space. The development of variable structure control depends upon methods of analyzing variable structure
Variable_structure_system
Method in nonlinear control theory
the state space. Hence, sliding mode control is a variable structure control method. The multiple control structures are designed so that trajectories always
Sliding_mode_control
Binary feedback controller
of a bang–bang control signal. Due to the discontinuous control signal, systems that include bang–bang controllers are variable structure systems, and bang–bang
Bang–bang_control
How software progresses through its implementation
defend against these attacks. Control flow is closely related to code structure. Control flows along lines defined by structure and the execution rules of
Control_flow
Special-purpose legal entity and investment vehicle
A variable interest entity (VIE) is a legal structure defined by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) for situations where control over a legal
Variable_interest_entity
Ingenious Devices. Variable structure control: Two-step level controls for fluids, a form of discontinuous variable structure controls, was developed by
List of inventions in the medieval Islamic world
List_of_inventions_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world
Use of various control systems for operating equipment
described a number of automatic controls. Two-step level controls for fluids, a form of discontinuous variable structure controls, were developed by the Banu
Automation
Branch of engineering and mathematics
process variable, called the error signal, or SP-PV error, is applied as feedback to generate a control action to bring the controlled process variable to
Control_theory
System that manages the behavior of other systems
control a process or operation. The control system compares the value or status of the process variable (PV) being controlled with the desired value or setpoint
Control_system
Topics referred to by the same term
metropolitan Atlanta, US; See Vinings, Georgia Variable structure control, a type of discontinuous nonlinear control Variations in sex characteristics, congenital
VSC
British electrical engineer
mode control and variable structure control. When setting up a control problem there are mismatches between the plant and model used for control design
Sarah_Spurgeon
Approach to controller design that explicitly deals with uncertainty
area of robust control from application point of view is sliding mode control (SMC), which is a variation of variable structure control (VSC). The robustness
Robust_control
9th-century Islamic scientific text by the Banū Mūsā brothers
number of early automatic controls. Two-step level controls for fluids, an early form of discontinuous variable structure controls, were developed by the
Book_of_Ingenious_Devices
Computer network management and monitoring protocol
identifiers (OID). Each OID identifies a variable that can be read or set via SNMP. MIBs use the notation defined by Structure of Management Information Version
Simple Network Management Protocol
Simple_Network_Management_Protocol
User-definable variable associated with each running process in many operating systems
environment variable to discover a suitable location to store temporary files, or the HOME or USERPROFILE variable to find the directory structure owned by
Environment_variable
Programming language for programmable logic controllers
block structured and syntactically resembles Pascal, on which it is based. All of the languages share IEC61131 Common Elements. The variables and function
Structured_text
Airplane wings capable of changing position to alter their geometry
with a variable wing. No other control surfaces were needed. Subtle movements of the wings were able to induce the small deflections which controlled the
Variable-sweep_wing
early automatic controls in fluid mechanics. Two-step level controls for fluids, an early form of discontinuous variable structure controls, was developed
History_of_fluid_mechanics
Materials and devices mimicking natural muscles
control systems include PID control, adaptive control (Lilly, 2003), nonlinear optimal predictive control (Reynolds et al., 2003), variable structure
Artificial_muscle
Named container for a particular type of data
Alternatively, a variable with dynamic scope is resolved at run-time, based on a global binding stack that depends on the specific control flow. Variables only accessible
Variable (high-level programming language)
Variable_(high-level_programming_language)
applications collectively. array data structure A data structure consisting of a collection of elements (values or variables), each identified by at least one
Glossary_of_computer_science
Demarcated group of source code statements that run in sequence
sequential order, top to bottom. The block structure is fundamental to structured programming, where control structures are formed with blocks. Syntactically
Block_(programming)
Feedback controller
sensors, control algorithms, and actuators is arranged in an attempt to regulate a variable at a setpoint (SP). An everyday example is the cruise control on
Closed-loop_controller
Type of variable active electronic filter
core state variables of the system. In state variable filters parameters like gain, cutoff frequency and Q can be independently controlled. This makes
State_variable_filter
Theorem about a certain class of control-flow graphs
programming language theory, the structured program theorem, generally called the Böhm–Jacopini theorem, states that a class of control-flow graphs (historically
Structured_program_theorem
Telecontrol standard
fixed length frames are used for commands & variable lengths are used for sending data. The details of variable length frame is given below Single indication
IEC_60870-5
Automotive transmission technology
control may allow the engine to operate at a constant angular velocity while the vehicle moves at varying speeds. Thus, CVT has a simpler structure,
Continuously variable transmission
Continuously_variable_transmission
Mathematical variable needed to describe the state of a thermodynamical system
A state variable is one of the set of mathematical variables that are used to describe the "state" of a system, e.g. of a dynamical system or a thermodynamical
State_variable
Dynamical system that exhibits continuous and discrete dynamic behavior
hybrid bond graph. Hybrid automaton Sliding mode control Variable structure system Variable structure control Joint spectral radius Cyber-physical system Behavior
Hybrid_system
Form of causal modeling that fit networks of constructs to data
observed variables whose values appear in a data set. The causal connections are represented using equations, but the postulated structuring can also
Structural_equation_modeling
Equipment for controlling the buoyancy of a diver
pressure space. Such variable buoyancy pressure vessels are used by submersibles and submarines for fine buoyancy and trim control. Water from the surroundings
Buoyancy_compensator_(diving)
Technique for creating lexically scoped first class functions
environment. The environment is a mapping associating each free variable of the function (variables that are used locally, but defined in an enclosing scope)
Closure (computer programming)
Closure_(computer_programming)
Form of text that defines C code
statement is required for a function body and for a control structure branch that is not one statement. A variable declared in a block can be referenced by code
C_syntax
Describes the general shape and layout of an aircraft wing
forward and the other back. The NASA AD-1 had a full-span wing structure with variable sweep. The classic aerofoil section wing is unstable in pitch,
Wing_configuration
Data organization and storage formats
structure is said to be linear if its elements form a sequence. Array Associative array Bit array Bit field Bitboard Bitmap Circular buffer Control table
List_of_data_structures
Psychological theory
Perceptual control theory (PCT) is a model of behavior based on the properties of negative feedback control loops. A control loop maintains a sensed variable at
Perceptual_control_theory
Programming paradigm based on block-based control flow
Structured programming is a programming paradigm characterized by source code that uses block-based source code structure to encode control flow such
Structured_programming
Concurrency control method commonly used by database management systems
which other methods of concurrency control frequently do either incompletely or with high performance costs. A structure to hold a record (row) for a database
Multiversion concurrency control
Multiversion_concurrency_control
Data structure for Boolean functions
importance to care about variable ordering when applying this data structure in practice. The problem of finding the best variable ordering is NP-hard. For
Binary_decision_diagram
Russian control theorist, electrical engineer (1937–2022)
Sliding Mode Control and Variable Structure Systems, which have become fundamental concepts in the field of nonlinear control (e.g. robust control). Utkin
Vadim_Utkin
Technique in statistics
quasi-experimental method of instrumental variables (IV) is used to estimate causal relationships when controlled experiments are not feasible or when a
Instrumental_variables
Industrial standard for programmable logic controllers
type – multiple values stored in the same variable. Structured data type – composite of several variables and types. Directly derived data type – type
IEC_61131-3
Capacitor whose capacitance can be changed
tuning condenser), or as a variable reactance, e.g. for impedance matching in antenna tuners. In mechanically controlled variable capacitors, the distance
Variable_capacitor
Type of computer file existing on IBM mainframe operating systems
Block (ACB), which are data structures used to access data sets using access methods. Records in a data set may be fixed, variable, or “undefined” length.
Data_set_(IBM_mainframe)
Type of rigid buoyancy control device
A variable-buoyancy pressure vessel system is a type of rigid buoyancy control device for diving systems that retains a constant volume and varies its
Variable-buoyancy pressure vessel
Variable-buoyancy_pressure_vessel
One-way software control-flow statement
maintains state (via static variables), but not execution position. A combination of state variables and structured control, notably an overall switch
Goto
Representation of linear dynamical systems
variables. It is commonly used to represent the signal structure of a dynamic network: the directed dynamical dependencies among measured variables and
Dynamical_structure_function
Predictive chemical model
terms include quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPR) when a chemical property is modeled as the response variable. "Different properties or
Quantitative structure–activity relationship
Quantitative_structure–activity_relationship
Variable representing a random phenomenon
A random variable (also called random quantity, aleatory variable, or stochastic variable) is a mathematical formalization of a quantity or object which
Random_variable
Unix shell
wildcarding, piping, here documents, command substitution, variables and control structures for condition-testing and iteration. What differentiated the
C_shell
Object which stores memory addresses in a computer program
assignment statements and pointer variables to be among computer science's "most valuable treasures." — Donald Knuth, Structured Programming, with go to Statements
Pointer (computer programming)
Pointer_(computer_programming)
Computer data variable
variable for signaling special code conditions, such as file empty or full queue statuses. Flags may be found as members of a defined data structure,
Flag_(programming)
Graphical language for PLC design
function between input variables and output variables. A function is described as a set of elementary blocks. Input and output variables are connected to blocks
Function_block_diagram
Dynamic system property
values of the control variables (those whose values can be chosen) are known. Complete state controllability (or simply controllability if no other context
Controllability
Procedural, imperative computer programming language
structure, with underlying semantics (including recursion), similar to Algol 60. Arguments are passed using call by reference, using dummy variables for
PL/I
allowing positional control for the moving parts of the capacitor. Jo Emmett Jennings created the first practical vacuum variable capacitor after he founded
Vacuum_variable_capacitor
Very large molecule
A macromolecule is a "molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived
Macromolecule
Dual control is an arrangement in which aircraft control is accessible by both the aircraft pilot and co-pilot/radar intercept officer. This is mostly
Dual_control_(aviation)
Engineering discipline that deals with control systems
process variable, called the error signal, or SP-PV error, is applied as feedback to generate a control action to bring the controlled process variable to
Control_engineering
Technique for designing controllers
fictitious state variable representing everything that the user does not include in the mathematical description of the base system to be controlled. This virtual
Active disturbance rejection control
Active_disturbance_rejection_control
Graphical representation of a computer program or algorithm
as shadowing and variable-length arrays. Statements would also need to be significantly rewritten to deal with expression-level control flow, such as is
Control-flow_graph
Statistical modeling method
dependent variable based on both the current values of an explanatory variable and the lagged (past period) values of this explanatory variable. The starting
Distributed_lag
Bosnian academic (1936–2025)
A&M University. Her research has considered both variable structure control and sliding mode control. In 1993, Peruničić joined Lamar University, where
Branislava_Peruničić
Part of a computer program where a given name binding is valid
used for control flow, such as with if, while, and for loops, and in these cases block scope means the scope of variable depends on the structure of a function's
Scope_(computer_programming)
Device that converts energy from one form to another
thermocouple that changes temperature differences into a small voltage; a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), used to measure displacement (position)
Transducer
Numerical measure of program structure
complexity of the reduced CFG (control-flow graph) after iteratively replacing (reducing) all structured programming control structures, i.e. those having a single
Essential_complexity
introduces an integral sliding variable that allows matched perturbations compensation by means of a sliding mode control component ensuring the sliding
Integral_sliding_mode
Techniques to improve network performance
the network and capacity of the cellular access link. The variable-structure congestion control protocol (VCP) uses two ECN bits to explicitly feed back
TCP_congestion_control
Business expenses not dependant on output
fixed cost is immutable. But in the long run, there are only variable costs, because they control all factors of production. Fixed costs are not permanently
Fixed_cost
Aircraft configuration in which a small wing is placed in front of the main wing
the generated lift, thus providing pitch control and/or trim adjustment. The Beechcraft Starship has a variable-sweep canard surface. The sweep is varied
Canard_(aeronautics)
Multiple ways for multi-joint objects to realize a movement
studies investigate which variables the nervous system controls, which variables are less tightly controlled, and how this control is implemented. Common
Degrees_of_freedom_problem
Strategies to make sure approximate calculations stay close to accurate
unknown. Variable length arithmetic represents numbers as a string of digits of a variable's length limited only by the memory available. Variable-length
Floating-point error mitigation
Floating-point_error_mitigation
Quantifies strength of electromagnetic interaction
Indeed, some theories that predict a variable fine-structure constant also predict that the value of the fine-structure constant should become practically
Fine-structure_constant
Internet protocol used for error messages in network operations
Identifies the object's subtype. Object payload: Variable Optional payload. If nonempty, it contains a data structure, whose size is a multiple of 32 bits. ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol
Internet_Control_Message_Protocol
Standard for experimental data tabulation
value of the DOMAIN variable within that dataset, and as a prefix for most variable names in the dataset. The dataset structure for observations is a
SDTM
Data table used to control program flow
It may have one or multiple dimensions and be of fixed or variable length. The structure of the table may be similar to a multimap associative array
Control_table
Computer terminal application programming interface
controlled by the TERM environment variable (and, optionally for the termcap and terminfo libraries, the TERMCAP and TERMINFO environment variables,
POSIX_terminal_interface
Topics referred to by the same term
the number of random variables under consideration Reduced form, in statistics, an equation which relates the endogenous variable X to all the available
Reduction
Computer science constructs
usage is distinguished, a future is a read-only placeholder view of a variable, while a promise is a writable, single assignment container which sets
Futures_and_promises
Torque regulation method for three-phase AC motors
Direct torque control (DTC) is one method used in variable-frequency drives to control the torque (and thus finally the speed) of three-phase AC electric
Direct_torque_control
Type of solid state switch
supplies in high-power applications: variable-frequency drives (VFDs) for motor control in trains, electric cars, and variable-speed refrigerators and air conditioners
Insulated-gate bipolar transistor
Insulated-gate_bipolar_transistor
GNU replacement for the Bourne shell
pieces like command names, variable assignment statements, etc. The two blanks are space and tab. Control operators perform a control function. They can be
Bash_(Unix_shell)
Measure of dependence between two variables
mutual information (MI) of two random variables is a measure of the mutual dependence between the two variables. More specifically, it quantifies the
Mutual_information
Aggregate of patterned social arrangements in society
self-identity. The notion of social structure may mask systematic biases, as it involves many identifiable sub-variables (e.g. gender). Some argue that men
Social_structure
Type of statistical data method
that the resulting synthetic control closely resembles the treated unit in terms of key predictors of the outcome variable. Unlike difference in differences
Synthetic_control_method
Programming language
apparent is the control structure implicit in this unit. The arrow command marks the entrance to a judging block This control structure is one of TUTOR's
TUTOR
System that powers a motor vehicle
Inverters are critical in EVs, as they control the motor's performance by regulating power output and enabling variable speeds. Together, the motor and inverter
Powertrain
Adaptive suspension system
fluid passages through the piston. The electromagnets are able to create a variable magnetic field across the fluid passages. When the magnets are off, the
MagneRide
Representation of the control state of a computer program
the control state of a computer program. A continuation implements (reifies) the program control state, i.e. the continuation is a data structure that
Continuation
Statistical relationship
detect less structured relationships between variables. The concept has been generalized to other forms of association between two variables, such as mutual
Correlation
Probability distribution
a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable. The general form of its probability density function is f(x)=12πσ2exp(−(x−μ)22σ2)
Normal_distribution
Aircraft gas turbine function
systems. In a bleedless aircraft such as the Boeing 787, each engine has two variable-frequency electrical generators to compensate for not providing compressed
Bleed_air
Data whose unit can take on only two possible states
provides a convenient mathematical structure for collection of bits, with a semantic of a collection of propositional variables. Boolean algebra operations are
Binary_data
Composite data type
science, a record (also called a structure, struct, user-defined type (UDT), or compound data type) is a composite data structure – a collection of fields, possibly
Record_(computer_science)
Computer programming language
The TO expression is evaluated and compared against the value of the control variable, prior to each iteration, and the loop is terminated if it evaluates
Harbour (programming language)
Harbour_(programming_language)
Property of an intermediate representation in a compiler
statements that assign to new versions of variables may also need to be introduced at the join point of two control flow paths. Converting from SSA form to
Static_single-assignment_form
Longitudinal statistical study
estimator can be used to control for it. If μ i {\displaystyle \mu _{i}} is not correlated with any of the independent variables, ordinary least squares
Panel_data
Turkish electrical engineer and academic (born 1948)
Kaynak has contributed to variable structure systems theory, sliding mode control, and the fusion of intelligent control methods with mechatronics and
Okyay_Kaynak
chart Growth-share matrix (often called BCG chart) Work breakdown structure Control chart Ishikawa diagram Pareto chart (often used to prioritise outputs
List_of_graphical_methods
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VARIABLE STRUCTURE-CONTROL
VARIABLE STRUCTURE-CONTROL
VARIABLE STRUCTURE-CONTROL
VARIABLE STRUCTURE-CONTROL
VARIABLE STRUCTURE-CONTROL
VARIABLE STRUCTURE-CONTROL
VARIABLE STRUCTURE-CONTROL
VARIABLE STRUCTURE-CONTROL
VARIABLE STRUCTURE-CONTROL
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