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In complexity theory, UP (unambiguous non-deterministic polynomial-time) is the complexity class of decision problems solvable in polynomial time on an
UP_(complexity)
Feature of systems that defy description
Complexity characterizes the behavior of a system or model whose components interact in multiple ways and follow local rules, leading to non-linearity
Complexity
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up complexity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Complexity is the property of a system to defy full description. Complexity may also refer to:
Complexity_(disambiguation)
Amount of resources to perform an algorithm
In computer science, the computational complexity or simply complexity of an algorithm is the amount of resources required to run it. Particular focus
Computational_complexity
Measure of algorithmic complexity
theory (a subfield of computer science and mathematics), the Kolmogorov complexity of an object, such as a piece of text, is the length of a shortest computer
Kolmogorov_complexity
Algorithmic runtime requirements for common math procedures
the computational complexity of various algorithms for common mathematical operations. Here, complexity refers to the time complexity of performing computations
Computational complexity of mathematical operations
Computational_complexity_of_mathematical_operations
Estimate of time taken for running an algorithm
the time complexity is the computational complexity that describes the amount of computer time it takes to run an algorithm. Time complexity is commonly
Time_complexity
Measure of the structural complexity of a software program
Cyclomatic complexity is a software metric used to indicate the complexity of a program. It is a quantitative measure of the number of linearly independent
Cyclomatic_complexity
Topics referred to by the same term
weapon UP (complexity) Up (game theory) Up quark, in physics Upper Paleolithic, a stone age Volkswagen Up, an automobile Up, a cocktail term Up, a railroad
Up
Measure of complexity of real-valued functions
learning theory (machine learning and theory of computation), Rademacher complexity, named after Hans Rademacher, measures richness of a class of sets with
Rademacher_complexity
Complexity class used to classify decision problems
problems in computer science In computational complexity theory, NP (nondeterministic polynomial time) is a complexity class used to classify decision problems
NP_(complexity)
Inherent difficulty of computational problems
In theoretical computer science and mathematics, computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to their resource
Computational complexity theory
Computational_complexity_theory
Branch of computational complexity theory
In computer science, parameterized complexity is a branch of computational complexity theory that focuses on classifying computational problems according
Parameterized_complexity
Axioms in computational complexity theory
In computational complexity theory the Blum axioms or Blum complexity axioms are axioms that specify desirable properties of complexity measures on the
Blum_axioms
American physicist and entrepreneur (born 1952)
the Chief Scientist of Macrocosm Inc, a company devoted to scaling up complexity economics methods and reducing them to practice. Farmer's book, Making
J._Doyne_Farmer
System composed of many interacting components
has media related to Complex systems. Look up complex systems in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Complexity Explained Complex Systems at the University
Complex_system
Notion in combinatorial game theory
Combinatorial game theory measures game complexity in several ways: State-space complexity (the number of legal game positions from the initial position)
Game_complexity
Class in computational complexity theory
}{=}}{\mathsf {P}}} More unsolved problems in computer science In computational complexity theory, the class NC (for "Nick's Class") is the set of decision problems
NC_(complexity)
Field in logic and theoretical computer science
science, and specifically proof theory and computational complexity theory, proof complexity is the field aiming to understand and analyse the computational
Proof_complexity
In computational complexity theory, SL (Symmetric Logspace or Sym-L) is the complexity class of problems log-space reducible to USTCON (undirected s-t
SL_(complexity)
Associative array for storing key–value pairs
probing sequence. In a well-dimensioned hash table, the average time complexity for each lookup is independent of the number of elements stored in the
Hash_table
In computational complexity theory, CC (Comparator Circuits) is the complexity class containing decision problems which can be solved by comparator circuits
CC_(complexity)
Complexity of sending information in a distributed algorithm
In theoretical computer science, communication complexity studies the amount of communication required to solve a problem when the input to the problem
Communication_complexity
Concept in psychology
Cognitive complexity describes cognition along a simplicity-complexity axis. It is the subject of academic study in fields including personal construct
Cognitive_complexity
Computational complexity
in computer science In computational complexity theory, NL (Nondeterministic Logarithmic-space) is the complexity class containing decision problems that
NL_(complexity)
of complexity classes in computational complexity theory. For other computational and complexity subjects, see list of computability and complexity topics
List_of_complexity_classes
Length of expression as combination of 1s
In number theory, the complexity of an integer is the smallest number of ones that can be used to represent it using ones and any number of additions,
Integer_complexity
Argument by proponents of intelligent design
Irreducible complexity (IC) is the argument that certain biological systems with multiple interacting parts would not function if one of the parts were
Irreducible_complexity
In modern computer science and statistics, the complexity index of a function denotes the level of informational content, which in turn affects the difficulty
Complexity_index
Conceptual framework
sociology, social complexity is a conceptual framework used in the analysis of society. In the sciences, contemporary definitions of complexity are found in
Social_complexity
1992 studio album by Bad Religion
Thompson, in his book Alternative Rock (2000), wrote that the band "offer up complexity and experiment while the slower tempos actually let you hear what the
Generator (Bad Religion album)
Generator_(Bad_Religion_album)
Attribute of machine learning models
The sample complexity of a machine learning algorithm represents the number of training-samples that it needs in order to successfully learn a target function
Sample_complexity
Creationist argument by William Dembski
Specified complexity is a creationist intelligent design argument introduced by William Dembski. According to Dembski, the concept can formalize a property
Specified_complexity
kinds of complexity are closely related: If P has facet complexity at most f, then P has vertex complexity at most 4 n2 f. If P has vertex complexity at most
N-dimensional_polyhedron
American professional electronic sports organization
Complexity Gaming, formerly stylized as compLexity, is an American esports franchise headquartered in Frisco, Texas. The franchise was founded in 2003
Complexity_Gaming
The evolution of biological complexity is one important outcome of the process of evolution. Evolution has produced some remarkably complex organisms –
Evolution of biological complexity
Evolution_of_biological_complexity
Numerical measure of program structure
better known for introducing cyclomatic complexity. McCabe defined essential complexity as the cyclomatic complexity of the reduced CFG (control-flow graph)
Essential_complexity
Algorithm analysis method
theoretical computer science, smoothed analysis is a way of measuring the complexity of an algorithm. Since its introduction in 2001, smoothed analysis has
Smoothed_analysis
Conversion calculation in petroluem refinery
The Nelson complexity index (NCI) is a measure to compare the secondary conversion capacity of a petroleum refinery with the primary distillation capacity
Nelson_complexity_index
Blueprint for intelligent agents
interaction of which emerges the overall behavior. It is hoped to build up complexity until the end result is something markedly complex (see complex systems)
Cognitive_architecture
Discrete Fourier transform algorithm
of sparse (mostly zero) factors. As a result, it manages to reduce the complexity of computing the DFT from O ( n 2 ) {\textstyle O(n^{2})} , which arises
Fast_Fourier_transform
Rules out assigning to arbitrary functions their computational complexity
computational complexity theory, Blum's speedup theorem, first stated by Manuel Blum in 1967, is a fundamental theorem about the complexity of computable
Blum's_speedup_theorem
Unsolved problem in computer science
could be automated. The relation between the complexity classes P and NP is studied in computational complexity theory, the part of the theory of computation
P_versus_NP_problem
Standard model in theoretical computer science
In computational complexity theory, arithmetic circuits are the standard model for computing polynomials. Informally, an arithmetic circuit takes as inputs
Arithmetic_circuit_complexity
Complexity class from interactive proofs
In computational complexity theory, the class IP (which stands for interactive proof) is the class of problems solvable by an interactive proof system
IP_(complexity)
If there is a polynomial time algorithm for unambiguous-SAT, then NP equals RP
computation path, thus it belongs to the promise version of the complexity class UP (the class UP as such is only defined for languages). The proof of the Valiant–Vazirani
Valiant–Vazirani_theorem
Complexity class
In computational complexity theory, the complexity class #P (pronounced "sharp P" or, sometimes "number P" or "hash P") is the set of the counting problems
♯P
French philosopher and sociologist (1921–2026)
of the theory of information who has been recognised for his work on complexity and Complex Thought, and for his scholarly contributions to such diverse
Edgar_Morin
Deterministic time, in computational complexity theory
In computational complexity theory, DTIME (or TIME) is the computational resource of computation time for a deterministic Turing machine. It represents
DTIME
Algorithmic runtime requirements for matrix multiplication
in computer science In theoretical computer science, the computational complexity of matrix multiplication dictates how quickly the operation of matrix
Computational complexity of matrix multiplication
Computational_complexity_of_matrix_multiplication
Complexity class of bounded-depth circuits
AC0 (alternating circuit) is a complexity class used in circuit complexity. It is the smallest class in the AC hierarchy, and consists of all families
AC0
million tonnes per year Nelson Complexity Index 7.8 Nayara Refinery (Rosneft), 406,000 bbl/d (64,500 m3/d) Nelson Complexity Index 12.8 Gujarat Refinery
List_of_oil_refineries
Determining the answers to a query on a database
database. Research in database theory aims at determining the computational complexity of answering different kinds of queries over databases, in particular
Query_evaluation
Calculations of the game complexity of Go
Go). Generalized Go is played on n × n boards, and the computational complexity of determining the winner in a given position of generalized Go depends
Go_and_mathematics
American computer scientist (born 1981)
His primary areas of research are computational complexity theory and quantum computing. Aaronson grew up in the United States, though he spent a year in
Scott_Aaronson
Data structure for storing non-overlapping sets
Bernard A. Galler and Michael J. Fischer in 1964. In 1973, their time complexity was bounded to O ( log ∗ ( n ) ) {\displaystyle O(\log ^{*}(n))} , the
Disjoint-set_data_structure
Collection of loosely coupled services used to build computer applications
modularity, scalability, and adaptability. However, it introduces additional complexity, particularly in managing distributed systems and inter-service communication
Microservices
The claw finding problem is a classical problem in complexity theory, with several applications in cryptography. In short, given two functions f, g, viewed
Claw_finding_problem
2021 American film by Adam McKay
"Laughing in the face of danger: how Netflix's Don't Look Up captures climate complexity". Physics World. January 17, 2022. Archived from the original
Don't_Look_Up
Model of computation
complexity attempts to classify Boolean functions with respect to the size or depth of circuits that can compute them. Arithmetic circuit complexity Boolean
Circuit_(computer_science)
Both deterministic and nondeterministic machines can solve more problems given more space
In computational complexity theory, the space hierarchy theorems are separation results that show that both deterministic and nondeterministic machines
Space_hierarchy_theorem
Study of resources used by an algorithm
the analysis of algorithms is the process of finding the computational complexity of algorithms—the amount of time, storage, or other resources needed to
Analysis_of_algorithms
Pathological embedding of the sphere in 3D space
{\displaystyle D_{int}} , is relatively well-behaved. Despite the fractal-like complexity of the boundary, the interior region is homeomorphic to the open unit
Alexander_horned_sphere
Complexity class
In computational complexity theory, a computational problem H is called NP-hard if, for every problem L which can be solved in non-deterministic polynomial-time
NP-hardness
Model of computational complexity
In computational complexity theory, the decision tree model is the model of computation in which an algorithm can be considered to be a decision tree,
Decision_tree_model
Boolean satisfiability is NP-complete and therefore that NP-complete problems exist
In computational complexity theory, the Cook–Levin theorem, also known as Cook's theorem, states that the Boolean satisfiability problem is NP-complete
Cook–Levin_theorem
Academic conference in computer science
The Computational Complexity Conference (CCC) is an academic conference in the field of theoretical computer science whose roots date to 1986. It fosters
Computational Complexity Conference
Computational_Complexity_Conference
1998 non-fiction book
Complexity and Real Computation is a book on the computational complexity theory of real computation. It studies algorithms whose inputs and outputs are
Complexity and Real Computation
Complexity_and_Real_Computation
Computational theorem
In computational complexity theory, a speedup theorem is a theorem that for any algorithm (of a certain class) demonstrates the existence of a more efficient
Speedup_theorem
American reality television docuseries
from her mother’s control, and her story sparked debates around the complexities of abuse, coercion, and justice. The series was produced by A+E Factual
Gypsy Rose: Life After Lock Up
Gypsy_Rose:_Life_After_Lock_Up
8-bit microprocessor from 1975
the complexity of the power supply and pin layout, it still required separate power lines to the various gates on the chip, driving up complexity and
MOS_Technology_6502
New and legacy software co-existence
This is because: Environmental complexity is often expressed in legacy code. Legacy skills shortages are driving up maintenance and integration costs
Brownfield (software development)
Brownfield_(software_development)
then calculate the results by adding up all the votes. More formally, the compilation or summation complexity of a voting system measures the difficulty
Batch_summability
In propositional calculus and proof complexity a propositional proof system (pps), also called a Cook–Reckhow propositional proof system, is a system for
Propositional_proof_system
Practice of leading the work of a team to achieve goals and criteria at a specified time
for project management to be effective. Complexity can be: Structural complexity (also known as detail complexity, or complicatedness), i.e. consisting
Project_management
Book by Eric Chaisson
Cosmic Evolution: The Rise of Complexity in Nature (2001) is a book by Harvard astrophysicist Eric Chaisson. It examines cosmic evolution which includes
Cosmic_Evolution
Flat used by female sex workers in London
there is more than one walk-up in a building or if the flat is used sequentially by more than one prostitute. Another complexity is the question of whether
Soho_walk-up
New company developing a novel, scalable business
"Start-Up Ecosystem (StUpEco): A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Research". Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 8 (1):
Startup_company
Regular expression denial-of-service attack
A regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) is an algorithmic complexity attack that produces a denial-of-service by providing a regular expression
ReDoS
In mathematical optimization, oracle complexity is a standard theoretical framework to study the computational requirements for solving classes of optimization
Oracle complexity (optimization)
Oracle_complexity_(optimization)
Concept in the philosophy of mathematics
are based on complexity theory, like Samuel Buss's bounded arithmetic theories, which capture mathematics associated with various complexity classes like
Ultrafinitism
Standard for the encryption of electronic data
simplicity of AES's key schedule and has a complexity of 2119. In December 2009 it was improved to 299.5. This is a follow-up to an attack discovered earlier in
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
Type of computational problem
In computational complexity theory and computability theory, a counting problem is a type of computational problem that is obtained by strengthening a
Counting_problem_(complexity)
Complexity class used in circuit complexity
theoretical computer science, and specifically computational complexity theory and circuit complexity, TC0 (Threshold Circuit) is the first class in the hierarchy
TC0
In computational complexity theory, the complexity class ⊕P (pronounced "parity P") is the class of decision problems solvable by a nondeterministic Turing
Parity_P
Set of problems solved by small circuits
computational complexity theory, P/poly is a complexity class that can be defined in both circuit complexity and non-uniform complexity. Since the two
P/poly
Limited is the largest refinery in the world and has the largest Nelson Complexity Index in India of 21.1. Various refineries are undergoing capacity expansions
List of oil refineries in India
List_of_oil_refineries_in_India
Economic reforms in China since 1978
(2003), "The Cultural Revolution and the Democracy Movement of 1989: Complexity in Historical Connections", in Law, Kam-yee (ed.), The Chinese cultural
Reform_and_opening_up
Algorithm that arranges lists in order
sorting problem has attracted a great deal of research, perhaps due to the complexity of solving it efficiently despite its simple, familiar statement. Among
Sorting_algorithm
System whose behavior is not automatically predictable from its parts
or complexity science, is often used to describe the loosely organized academic field that has grown up around the study of such systems. Complexity science
Complex_adaptive_system
2023 British feature film by George Amponsah
petty thefts to support his family, but he struggles with the moral complexities of his actions when a jewellery heist alerts an Albanian crime family
Gassed_Up_(film)
Denial-of-service attack at XML parsers, exploiting entity expansion
countermeasures that detect heavily nested entities. (See computational complexity theory for comparisons of different growth classes.) A "billion laughs"
Billion_laughs_attack
Computational benchmark
engineering task of building a powerful quantum computer and the computational-complexity-theoretic task of finding a problem that can be solved by that quantum
Quantum_supremacy
for pick-up ...)". www.trademap.org. Retrieved 2025-09-16. "Which countries export Diamonds? (2023)". The Observatory of Economic Complexity. Retrieved
List of countries by diamond exports
List_of_countries_by_diamond_exports
Form of graffiti
throwies, are a form of graffiti that fall between tags and pieces in complexity. The name comes from the way they are designed to be "thrown" onto a surface
Throw_up_(graffiti)
Systems theory of change in complexity
amount of complexity, and that attempting to "push down" the complexity of such a system in one place will invariably cause complexity to "pop up" elsewhere
Waterbed_theory
Information-theoretic measure of complexity
Information fluctuation complexity is an information-theoretic quantity defined as the fluctuation of information about entropy. It is derivable from fluctuations
Information fluctuation complexity
Information_fluctuation_complexity
Musical concept indicating to the speed of interpretation
are perceived in the simplest way. From the viewpoint of Kolmogorov's complexity theory, this means a representation of the data that minimizes the amount
Tempo
Function in Boolean algebra
function is notable for its role in theoretical investigation of circuit complexity of Boolean functions. The output of the parity function is the parity
Parity_function
Equivalence of average-case and expected complexity
In computational complexity theory, Yao's principle (also called Yao's minimax principle or Yao's lemma) relates the performance of randomized algorithms
Yao's_principle
UP COMPLEXITY
UP COMPLEXITY
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hebrew
Raised Up
Girl/Female
Spanish
Lifted up.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lighted up
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Grown Up
Boy/Male
Tamil
Ascending, Climbing up
Boy/Male
Muslim
Young, Grown up
Biblical
held up
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Up Coming
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Lighting Up
Girl/Female
British, English
Growing Up
Girl/Female
Biblical
Hanging up, heaping up.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Growing Up
Girl/Female
Biblical
Held up.
Biblical
hanging up; heaping up
Boy/Male
Muslim
Growing up, Youth
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Lighted Up
Girl/Female
Arabic
Going Up
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Flying Up
Boy/Male
Native American
Looks up.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Ascending, Climbing up
UP COMPLEXITY
UP COMPLEXITY
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lord Krishna
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sweet Basil, Sweet smelling plant
Surname or Lastname
English and northern Irish
English and northern Irish : habitational name from places called Tournay in Calvados and Orne in northern France. In some cases it could be of English origin, from any of the places called Thorney, in Cambridgeshire, Nottinghamshire, Somerset, and Sussex, mostly named from Old English þorn ‘thorn tree’ + ēg ‘island’, although the Nottinhamshire example is from Old English þorn + haga ‘enclosure’.Irish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Torna ‘descendant of Torna’, a personal name.German (eastern) : topographic name and habitational name derived from a Slavic word, tarn-, meaning ‘brush made of thorns’.
Biblical
multitude
Boy/Male
Gaelic, Hindu, Indian
Small Rough One; Language of God
Girl/Female
Tamil
Boy/Male
Muslim
Ayyub was a prophet of Allah known for his patience in the face of severity and hardship there have been other noted men by this name, For instance Ibn Tamim was a reciter of the Quran, Al-sakhtiyani
Girl/Female
Assamese, Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Earth
Boy/Male
Indian
Fresh, Dear, Rare, Pinnacle
Boy/Male
Native American
Joined together by water.
UP COMPLEXITY
UP COMPLEXITY
UP COMPLEXITY
UP COMPLEXITY
UP COMPLEXITY
n.
A round-up. See Round-up.
adv.
Aside, so as not to be in use; as, to lay up riches; put up your weapons.
adv.
To or in a position of equal advance or equality; not short of, back of, less advanced than, away from, or the like; -- usually followed by to or with; as, to be up to the chin in water; to come up with one's companions; to come up with the enemy; to live up to engagements.
n.
That which takes up or tightens; specifically, a device in a sewing machine for drawing up the slack thread as the needle rises, in completing a stitch.
n.
General composition or structure; manner in which the parts of a thing are combined; make-up; style of dress, etc.
adv.
In a higher place or position, literally or figuratively; in the state of having arisen; in an upright, or nearly upright, position; standing; mounted on a horse; in a condition of elevation, prominence, advance, proficiency, excitement, insurrection, or the like; -- used with verbs of rest, situation, condition, and the like; as, to be up on a hill; the lid of the box was up; prices are up.
prep.
From the coast towards the interior of, as a country; from the mouth towards the source of, as a stream; as, to journey up the country; to sail up the Hudson.
n.
Same as Tip-up.
a.
Inclining up; tending or going up; upward; as, an up look; an up grade; the up train.
n.
Abatement; also, cessation; as, it blew a gale for three days without any let-up.
n.
The state of being up or above; a state of elevation, prosperity, or the like; -- rarely occurring except in the phrase ups and downs.
adv.
To or in a state of completion; completely; wholly; quite; as, in the phrases to eat up; to drink up; to burn up; to sum up; etc.; to shut up the eyes or the mouth; to sew up a rent.
adv.
From a lower to a higher position, literally or figuratively; as, from a recumbent or sitting position; from the mouth, toward the source, of a river; from a dependent or inferior condition; from concealment; from younger age; from a quiet state, or the like; -- used with verbs of motion expressed or implied.
n.
A line or track leading from the provinces toward the metropolis or a principal terminus; the track upon which up-trains run. See Up-train.
prep.
From a lower to a higher place on, upon, or along; at a higher situation upon; at the top of.
adv.
Aloft; on high; in a direction contrary to that of gravity; toward or in a higher place or position; above; -- the opposite of down.
a.
Arranged; plotted; -- in a bad sense; as, a put-up job.
prep.
Upon.
n.
Disruption; a separation and dispersion of the parts or members; as, a break-up of an assembly or dinner party; a break-up of the government.