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History of the Turkic peoples
Turkic history is the systematic documentation and study of events involving the Turkic peoples. Turks are an important political identity of Eurasia
Turkic_history
Family of ethnic groups of Eurasia
Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West, Central, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages
Turkic_peoples
Language family of Eurasia
The Turkic languages are a language family of more than 35 documented languages spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia, from Southeastern Europe and Eastern
Turkic_languages
Earliest attested Turkic language
Old Turkic, also known as East Old Turkic, was a Siberian Turkic language spoken around East Turkistan and Mongolia. It was first discovered in inscriptions
Old_Turkic
Alphabet used by early Turks (8–10th centuries)
The Old Turkic script (also known variously as Göktürk script, Orkhon script, Orkhon-Yenisey script, Turkic runes) was the alphabet used by the Göktürks
Old_Turkic_script
Historical expansion of Turkic tribes and languages
The Turkic migrations were the spread of Turkic tribes and Turkic languages across Eurasia between the 6th and 11th centuries. In the 6th century, the
Turkic_migration
Classification of the Turkic language family
Common Turkic or Shaz Turkic is a proposed genetic unit in some classifications of the Turkic languages, a sub-branch that includes all of them except
Common_Turkic_languages
Sub-branch of the Turkic language family
The Siberian Turkic or Northeastern Common Turkic languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family. The following table is based upon the classification
Siberian_Turkic_languages
Concept in Turkish ethnic nationalism
The 16 Great Turkic Empires (Turkish: 16 Büyük Türk Devleti, lit. 'Sixteen Great Turkic States') is a concept in Turkish nationalism introduced in 1969
16_Great_Turkic_Empires
Reconstructed ancestor of Turkic languages
a book on the topic of: Proto-Turkic Proto-Turkic is the linguistic reconstruction of the common ancestor of the Turkic languages that was spoken by the
Proto-Turkic_language
Former empire in the 6th and 7th centuries
The Eastern Turkic Khaganate (Chinese: 東突厥; pinyin: Dōng Tūjué or Dōng Tújué) was formed as a result of the destructive wars in the beginning of the 7th
Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate
The Turkic Academy, previously known as Turkic World Educational and Scientific Cooperation Organization, or International Turkic Academy is an international
Turkic_Academy
552–603 khaganate founded by the Göktürks
The First Turkic Khaganate, also referred to as the First Turkic Empire, the Turkic Khaganate or the Göktürk Khaganate, was a Turkic khaganate established
First_Turkic_Khaganate
581–657 CE monarchical state
The Western Turkic Khaganate (Chinese: 西突厥; pinyin: Xī Tūjué) or Onoq Khaganate (Old Turkic: 𐰆𐰣:𐰸:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣, romanized: On oq budun, lit. 'Ten arrow
Western_Turkic_Khaganate
Branch of the Turkic languages
Bulgar, Bulgharic, Bolgar, Pre-Proto-Bulgaric, or Lir-Turkic and r-Turkic) are a branch of the Turkic language family. The only extant member of the group
Oghuric_languages
Eurasian intergovernmental organization
The Organization of Turkic States (OTS), formerly called the Turkic Council or the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States, is an intergovernmental
Organization_of_Turkic_States
Early form of the Azerbaijani language
Ajem-Turkic or Ajami Turkic (ترکی عجمی; Türkī-yi ʿacemī, lit. 'Persian Turkic' or 'Persian Turkish'), also known as Middle Azeri or Middle Azerbaijanian
Ajem-Turkic
Sub-branch of the Turkic language family
The Karluk or Qarluq languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family that developed from the varieties spoken by Karluks, an ancient people present
Karluk_languages
Study of the Turkic language and people
Turkology (or Turcology. Turkic studies or Turkish studies) is a complex of humanities sciences studying languages, history, literature, folklore, culture
Turkology
Sub-branch of the Turkic language family
discernible and closely related bloc within the Turkic language family as the cultural and political history of the speakers of Oghuz languages has linked
Oghuz_languages
Myths and legends told by the Turkic people
Turkic mythology refers to myths and legends told by the Turkic people. It features Tengrist and Shamanist strata of belief along with many other social
Turkic_mythology
Turkic people in Inner Asia
The Göktürks (Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣, romanized: Türük Bodun; Chinese: 突厥; pinyin: Tūjué; Wade–Giles: T'u-chüeh), also known as Türks, Celestial
Göktürks
Political movement advocating the unity of Turkic peoples
or Türkizm) is a political movement that emerged during the 1880s among Turkic intellectuals who lived in the Russian region of Kazan (Tatarstan), South
Pan-Turkism
Overview of the use of Turkic troops in the Tang dynasty military
large population of Turkic soldiers, referred to as Tujue (突厥) in Chinese sources. Tang elites in northern China were familiar with Turkic culture, a factor
Turks_in_the_Tang_military
Extinct Karluk Turkic language
Khorezmian Turkic or Khwārazm Turkish also known as Türki was a literary Turkic language of the medieval Golden Horde of Central Asia and Eastern Europe
Khorezmian_Turkic
Turkic people of modern Afghanistan
The Turkic people in Afghanistan are Turkic people from modern day Afghanistan. The major Turkic tribes are the Qizilbash, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, and Turkmens
Turkic_peoples_in_Afghanistan
Göktürk inscriptions dating to the 8th century
inscriptions are bilingual texts in Middle Chinese and Old Turkic, the latter written in the Old Turkic alphabet, carved into two memorial steles erected in
Orkhon_inscriptions
Monarchical state ruled by a khan
khagan, khatun, or khanum. Khanates were typically nomadic Mongolic and Turkic societies located on the Eurasian Steppe, and politically equivalent in
Khanate
682–744 khaganate founded by the Göktürks
The Second Turkic Khaganate was a khaganate in Central and Eastern Asia founded by Ilterish of the Ashina clan of the Göktürks and lasted from 682 to 744
Second_Turkic_Khaganate
Museum in Istanbul
Askerî Müze) is a museum of military history located in Şişli, Istanbul. The museum is focused on Turkic history, and exhibits a large collection of Turkish
Istanbul_Military_Museum
Ethnic group
Turkic Christians are ethnic Turkic people who follow Christianity. The Christian Turkic peoples represent an intersection of Turkic and Christian cultural
Turkic_Christians
The Turkic languages are a group of languages spoken across Central Asia, West Asia, North Asia as well as Eastern Europe. Turkic languages are spoken
List_of_Turkic_languages
period, a distinction should also be made between the history of the Turkic peoples, and the history of the territories now forming the Republic of Turkey
History_of_Turkey
Turkic language
Azerbaijani or Azeri (also referred to as Azerbaijani Turkic or Azerbaijani Turkish) is a Turkic language from the Oghuz sub-branch. It is spoken primarily
Azerbaijani_language
Historic Aramaic-based alphabet
The Old Uyghur script is a Turkic script that was used for writing Old Uyghur, a variety of Old Turkic spoken in Turpan and Gansu that is the ancestor
Old_Uyghur_script
Shad (Old Turkic: 𐱁𐰑, romanized: šad) was a state office in the early Central and East Asian Turkic states, roughly equivalent to governor. "Shad" could
Shad_(prince)
Maps 6–17. Sources for the Turkic migrations are vague and somewhat contradictory. ISBN 978-9004123212 Cristoph Baumer, History of Central Asia, v3, p 60
History_of_the_central_steppe
Early Medieval Turkic confederation of Inner Asia
nine Turkic Tiele tribes in Inner Asia, during the early Middle Ages. The Toquz Oghuz was consolidated and subordinated within the First Turkic Khaganate
Toquz_Oghuz
900s–1500s phase of the Turkic languages
Middle Turkic is a phase in the development of the Turkic language family, covering much of the Middle Ages (c. 900–1500 CE). In particular the term is
Middle_Turkic_languages
Western Turkic people
The Oghuz Turks (Middle Turkic: ٱغُز, romanised: Oγuz) were a western Turkic people who spoke the Oghuz branch of the Turkic language family. In the 8th
Oghuz_Turks
699–766 Turkic tribal confederation of Central Asia
The Türgesh or Türgish (Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰏𐰾:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣, romanized: Türügeš budun, lit. 'Türgesh people'; simplified Chinese: 突骑施; traditional Chinese:
Türgesh
Historical process
Turkic peoples began settling in the Tarim Basin in the 7th century. The area was later settled by the Turkic Uyghurs, who founded the Qocho Kingdom there
Turkic settlement of the Tarim Basin
Turkic_settlement_of_the_Tarim_Basin
Ruling dynasty of the Gökturk Khaganate
Wade–Giles: A-shih-na; Middle Chinese: (Guangyun) [ʔɑʃi̯ə˥nɑ˩]) were a Turkic lineage and the ruling dynasty of the Göktürks. They rose to prominence
Ashina_tribe
Former state and ethnic population
The Yenisei Kyrgyz (Old Turkic: 𐰶𐰃𐰺𐰴𐰕:𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣, romanized: Qırqız bodun) were an ancient Turkic people who dwelled along the upper Yenisei in the
Yenisei_Kyrgyz
Kalmücken-Kavallerie-Korps (Kalmykian volunteers) Tatar Legion SS-Waffengruppe Idel-Ural (Turkic volunteers from Volga/Ural area) Waffen-Gebirgs-Brigade der SS (Tatar Nr
Wehrmacht foreign volunteers and conscripts
Wehrmacht_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts
Turkic nomadic people in Eurasia
spelled Qipchaqs, known as Polovtsians (Polovtsy) in Russian sources, were Turkic nomads and then a confederation that existed in the Middle Ages inhabiting
Kipchaks
5th-7th–century nomadic ethnic group north of the Caucasus
(Savirs, Suars, Sawar, Sawirk among others; Greek: Σάβιροι,) were a nomadic Turkic equestrian people who lived in the north of the Caucasus beginning in the
Sabir_people
581–602 war between the Sui Dynasty and the Turks
The Sui–Turkic war was fought between the Sui dynasty and the First Turkic Khaganate. Turkic army crossed the Great Wall. Chinese General Li Kuang defeated
Sui–Turkic_war
Name for certain ethnicities in Turkey
Circassians is a broad ethnonym of the Turkic origin, which in Russia, Turkey and Persia used to be, and in the case of Turkey is now, applied to peoples
Circassians (historical ethnonym)
Circassians_(historical_ethnonym)
Turkic peoples have historically been associated as one of the primarily Chagatai-speaking peoples to have ruled North India. Various dynasties of the
Turkic_peoples_in_India
Extinct Karluk Turkic language
(چغتای, Čaġatāy), also known as Turki, Eastern Turkic, or Chagatai Turkic (Čaġatāy türkīsi), was a Turkic language that was once widely spoken across Central
Chagatai_language
14th-century ethnocultural synthesis in Asia
Turkic populations that they conquered and ruled over, thus becoming known as Turco-Mongols. These elites gradually adopted Islam, as well as Turkic languages
Turco-Mongol_tradition
Extinct Oghur Turkic language
Bulgar (also known as Bulghar, Bolgar, or Bolghar) is the extinct Oghur Turkic language spoken by the Bulgars. The name is derived from the Bulgars, a
Bulgar_language
Turkic state in Central Asia from 840 to 1212
افراسیاب, romanized: Āl-i Afrāsiyāb, lit. 'House of Afrasiab'), was a Karluk Turkic khanate that ruled Central Asia from the 9th to the early 13th century.
Kara-Khanid_Khanate
Project for a single Latin alphabet for all Turkic languages
The Common Turkic alphabet is a project of a single Latin alphabet for all Turkic languages based on a slightly modified Turkish alphabet, with 34 letters
Common_Turkic_alphabet
replaced by Turkic languages. Unlike the central and eastern steppe, the western steppe has now been converted to agriculture. Steppe history must be reconstructed
History_of_the_western_steppe
Central Asian war
The Perso-Turkic War was fought during 588 and 589 between the Sasanian Empire and Hephthalite principalities and its lord the Göktürks. The conflict started
Perso-Turkic_war_of_588–589
Religion of the Eurasian steppe nations
several medieval states such as the First Turkic Khaganate, the Western Turkic Khaganate, the Eastern Turkic Khaganate, Old Great Bulgaria, the First Bulgarian
Tengrism
Turkic tribal confederation
(also Bulghars, Bulgari, Bolgars, Bolghars, Bolgari, Proto-Bulgarians) were Turkic semi-nomadic warrior tribes that flourished in the Pontic–Caspian steppe
Bulgars
7th-century Arab Christian self-declared prophetess
Suwaid at-Tamimi. According to Muhammad Suhail Taqu̅sh, Arab culture and Turkic history professor of Imam al-Awza’i University, Sajah was a Christian who also
Sajah
Extinct Turkic people
spelled Qaŋlï, Qanglı, Kanly, Kangly, Qangli, Kangli or Kankali) were a Turkic people of Eurasia who were active from the Tang dynasty up to the Mongol
Kangly
Soviet Turkologist (1905–1996)
created a systematization model of the Turkic language family (Baskakov's classification), and studied Turkic-Russian contacts in the 10-11th centuries
Nikolai_Baskakov_(linguist)
Turkic ethnic group of Central Asia
(Uzbek: Oʻzbeklar; Ўзбеклар; اۉزبېکلر) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, and the largest Turkic ethnic group in the region. They comprise
Uzbeks
1920s–30s Soviet Latin alphabet for Turkic languages
The New Turkic Alphabet, known in Turkic languages as Yañalif (Tatar: jaꞑa əlifʙa / jaꞑalif, pronounced [jɑˈŋɑ ælʲifˈbɑ] / [jɑŋɑˈlʲif]; lit. 'new alphabet'
Yañalif
Oghuz Turkic language spoken in Iran
Khorasani Turkic or Khorasani is an Oghuz Turkic language spoken in the North Khorasan Province and the Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran. Nearly all Khorasani
Khorasani_Turkic
Historical term for "military division, clan, or tribe" among the Turkic peoples
The Turkic term oğuz or oğur (in z- and r-Turkic, respectively) is a historical term for "military division, clan, or tribe" among the Turkic peoples
Turkic_tribal_confederations
A [[founding myth]] among [[Mongolic peoples|Mongolic]] and [[Turkic peoples]].
philologist Nemat Kelimebov and other Turkic-origin advocates, Ergenekon is a portmanteau derived from Old Turkic roots ergene "fording point, passage
Epic_of_Ergenekon
Oghuz Turkic variety spoken primarily in Iran
belonging to the South Oghuz group of Turkic languages (southwestern branch of Turkic) (Johanson, History of Turkic, 82–3), or else as a dialect of Azerbaijani
Afshar_dialect
Turkic ethnic group
The Chuvash people, are a Turkic ethnic group, a branch of the Oğurs, inhabiting an area stretching from the Idel-Ural region to Siberia. Most of them
Chuvash_people
Medieval ethnohistorical term used for the people of Oghuz Turkic origin
was a term for the people of Oghuz Turkic origin, widely used during the Middle Ages. Oghuz Turks were a western Turkic people that, in the 8th century A
Turkoman_(ethnonym)
7th–8th-century tribe of Dzungaria
The Basmyls (Basmyl; Basmals, Basmils, Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰽𐰢𐰞, romanized: Basmïl, Chinese: 拔悉蜜/密/彌; pinyin: Báxīmì/mì/mí, Middle Chinese ZS: *bˠɛt̚-siɪt̚-miɪt̚/mˠiɪt̚/miᴇ;
Basmyls
Tang dynasty generals Su Dingfang and Cheng Zhijie against the Western Turkic Khaganate ruled by Ashina Helu. The Tang campaigns against the Western Turks
Conquest_of_the_Western_Turks
Chief deity of the Eurasian steppe religion
Tengri is the all-encompassing God of Heaven in the traditional Turkic, Yeniseian,[citation needed] Mongolic, and various other nomadic religious beliefs
Tengri
Distinctive culture in West Asia
the first Turkic-Iranian interaction to the mid 4th century, the earliest known periods of the Turkic history. The origins of the First Turkic Khaganate
Turco-Persian_tradition
historical Silk Road trade route. Turkic nomads, who trace their ancestry to many Turkic states such as the First and Second Turkic Khaganates, have inhabited
History_of_Kyrgyzstan
7th century war in Transcaucasia
The Perso-Turkic war of 627–629 was the final conflict between the Sasanian Empire and the Western Turkic Khaganate. Unlike the previous two wars, it
Perso-Turkic_war_of_627–629
Military engagement
Western Turkic Khaganate during the Tang campaign against the Western Turks. The Tang forces were led by general Su Dingfang while the Western Turkic army
Battle_of_Irtysh_River
Part of the early Muslim conquests in Central Asia
century tended to be urbanized, and the Turkic peoples, who at the time were still mostly nomadic. Indeed, the history of Transoxiana had been dominated by
Muslim conquest of Transoxiana
Muslim_conquest_of_Transoxiana
Medieval Bulgar state on the Volga River
wiktionary.org. 31 July 2021. Retrieved 2021-08-24. "Proto-Turkic/History of Proto-Turkic language – Wikibooks, open books for an open world". en.wikibooks
Volga_Bulgaria
DNA analysis of Turkish populations
Turkish people (not to be confused with Turkic peoples) in Turkey. Such studies are relevant for the demographic history of the population as well as health
Genetic studies on Turkish people
Genetic_studies_on_Turkish_people
Medieval Muslim empire (c. 1077–1231)
or simply Khwarazm, was a culturally Persianate, Sunni Muslim empire of Turkic mamluk origin, ruled by the Anushtegin dynasty. The Khwarazmian Empire ruled
Khwarazmian_Empire
State ruled by the Uyghur Yaglakar clan
(traditional Chinese: 河西回鶻; simplified Chinese: 河西回鹘; pinyin: Héxī Huíhú), was a Turkic dynastic state ruled by the Uyghur Yaglakar clan. It was established in
Ganzhou_Uyghur_Kingdom
640–712 Chinese expansion into Central Asia
of military campaigns conducted by the Tang dynasty against the Western Turkic Khaganate in the 7th century. Early military conflicts were a result of
Tang campaigns against the Western Turks
Tang_campaigns_against_the_Western_Turks
Below is the identified timeline of the history of the Turkic peoples between the 6th and 14th centuries. Oghuz Turks Nomadic empire Göktürk family tree
Timeline of the Turkic peoples (500–1300)
Timeline_of_the_Turkic_peoples_(500–1300)
Esegels (aka Izgil (Old Turkic: 𐰔𐰏𐰠), Äsägel, Askel, Askil, Ishkil, Izgil) were an Oghur Turkic dynastic tribe in the Middle Ages who joined and would
Esegel
Sultan of the Seljuk Empire from 1037 to 1063
culture. "Tughril" was the Old Turkic word for a bird of prey, possibly the Crested goshawk. In early Turkic history and culture, starting from the Uyghur
Tughril_I
840–925 Turkic khaganate in East Asia
History of Early Inner Asia, their ascendancy did not translate into territorial expansion. 693: Bars Bek founded the khanate 711: The Second Turkic Khaganate
Kyrgyz_Khaganate
Earliest known dictionary of Turkic Languages
dictionary of Turkic languages, compiled between 1072 and 1074 by the Kara-Khanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari, who extensively documented the Turkic languages
Dīwān_Lughāt_al-Turk
Royal family of the Ottoman Empire
Osman: 1973–1977) Ottoman family tree (simplified) Ottoman family tree Turkic history Amuca tribe Osmanoğlu family, its current form List of admirals in the
Ottoman_dynasty
Historical semi-nomadic Turkic ethnic group
The Khazars (/kəˈzɑːrz/) were a semi-nomadic Turkic people who established a major commercial empire in the late 6th century CE spanning the south of modern
Khazars
International cultural organization
Turkic Culture or TÜRKSOY is an international cultural organization of countries with Turkic populations, speaking languages belonging to the Turkic language
International Organization of Turkic Culture
International_Organization_of_Turkic_Culture
Turkic language of the Oghuz sub-branch
[tʏɾkˈmøntʃø] or türkmen dili, түркмен дили, تۆرکمن ديلی, [tʏɾkˈmøn dɪˈlɪ]) is a Turkic language of the Oghuz branch spoken by the Turkmens of Central Asia. It
Turkmen_language
Ancient Turkic creation myth
a. Tiele people) told among various Turkic peoples. The tale is told in Chinese in the Book of Wei and the History of the Northern Dynasties According
Turkic_creation_myth
Founder of the Turkic Khaganate (d. 552 AD)
Bumin Qaghan (Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰆𐰢𐰣:𐰴𐰍𐰣, romanized: Bumïn qaɣan, died 552 AD) was the founder of the First Turkic Khaganate. His regnal title was Illig
Bumin_Qaghan
Turkic ethnic group
pronounced [bɑʂ.qʊɾt.ˈtaɾ]; Russian: Башкиры, pronounced [bɐʂˈkʲirɨ]) are a Turkic ethnic group indigenous to Russia. They are concentrated in Bashkortostan
Bashkirs
Country in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
various nomadic Iranian peoples such as the Saka, Massagetae, and Scythians. Turkic nomads entered the region from the sixth century. In the 13th century, the
Kazakhstan
Extinct unclassified language of the Huns
but due to the origin of these proper names it has been compared with Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, and Yeniseian languages, and with various Indo-European
Hunnic_language
Turkic union founded in the 7th century
Kangar union was a Turkic state in the territory of the entire modern Kazakhstan without Zhetysu. The ethnic name Kangar is an early medieval name for
Kangar_union
eternity and Turkey, and 16 stars symbolize the 16 Great Turkic Empires established throughout history. The national colors of Turkey are red and white on
National_symbols_of_Turkey
Historical term for settled inhabitants of Central Asia
applied to sedentary Turks and Tajiks in Central Asia. Usually bilingual in Turkic and Persian, they belonged to the same cultural tradition and occupied the
Sart
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