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Lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere of Earth. Pronounced /ˈtrɒpəsfɪərˌ-poʊ-/, the name comes from Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos) 'turning
Troposphere
Gas layer surrounding Earth
in the troposphere because the troposphere is mostly heated through energy transfer from the surface. Thus, the lowest part of the troposphere (i.e. Earth's
Atmosphere_of_Earth
Visible mass of particles suspended in the atmosphere
temperature. Clouds are seen in the Earth's homosphere, which includes the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere. Nephology is the science of clouds, which
Cloud
Layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere
the second-lowest layer of the atmosphere of Earth, located above the troposphere and below the mesosphere. Pronounced /ˈstrætəˌsfɪər, -toʊ-/, the name
Stratosphere
Congolese experimental rocket family
Troposphere is a Congolese rocket family first developed in 2007 at the private enterprise Développement Tous Azimuts (DTA). The project is managed by
Troposphere_(rocket_family)
Boundary between troposphere and stratosphere
that demarcates the lowest two layers of the atmosphere of Earth – the troposphere and stratosphere – which occurs approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) above
Tropopause
These groupings are determined by the altitude level or levels in the troposphere at which each of the various cloud types are normally found. Small cumulus
List_of_cloud_types
Difference in wind speed or direction over a short distance
where they normally would not. Strong vertical wind shear within the troposphere also inhibits tropical cyclone development but helps to organize individual
Wind_shear
Short-term state of the atmosphere
phenomena occur in the lowest layer of the planet's atmosphere, the troposphere, just below the stratosphere. Weather refers to day-to-day temperature
Weather
Distant flashes of cloud-to-ground lightning from a cumulonimbus
reflection and refraction in the troposphere determines who hears the strike and who doesn't. Usually, the troposphere will reflect the light, and leave
Heat_lightning
Gas layer surrounding Venus
atmosphere is in a state of vigorous circulation. The upper layer of troposphere exhibits a phenomenon of super-rotation, in which the atmosphere circles
Atmosphere_of_Venus
Mass per unit volume of the Earth's atmosphere
a function of altitude, one requires additional parameters. For the troposphere, the lowest part (~10 km) of the atmosphere, they are listed below, along
Density_of_air
Third planet from the Sun
first 11 km (6.8 mi) of the surface; this lowest layer is called the troposphere. Energy from the Sun heats this layer, and the surface below, causing
Earth
Constituent gas of the troposphere
as surface-level ozone and tropospheric ozone, is a trace gas in the troposphere (the lowest level of the Earth's atmosphere), with an average concentration
Ground-level_ozone
Tropical atmospheric circulation feature
equatorward near the surface. It is a thermally direct circulation within the troposphere that emerges due to differences in insolation and heating between the
Hadley_cell
Canadian scientific instrument aboard NASA's Terra satellite
MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere) is an ongoing astronomical instrument aboard NASA's Terra satellite that measures global tropospheric
MOPITT
Gas layer surrounding Uranus
49 K. The Uranian atmosphere can be divided into three main layers: the troposphere, between altitudes of −300 and 50 km and pressures from 100 to 0.1 bar;
Atmosphere_of_Uranus
Layer of the atmosphere directly above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere
waves"), and planetary waves. Most of these tides and waves start in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, and propagate to the mesosphere. In the mesosphere
Mesosphere
Seventh planet from the Sun
the nominal troposphere at −300 km to 53 K (−220 °C; −364 °F) at 50 km. The temperatures in the coldest upper region of the troposphere (the tropopause)
Uranus
Living and non-living things on Earth
typically is at 50 to 55 km (31 to 34 mi; 164,000 to 180,000 ft). Troposphere: The troposphere begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (23,000 ft)
Natural_environment
Chemical compound
source of hydrogen peroxide in the troposphere: HO• 2 + HO• 2 → H2O2 + O2 Conversely, in high-NOx regions of the troposphere, the hydroperoxyl radical reacts
Hydroperoxyl
Layer of the Earth's atmosphere above the mesosphere and below the exosphere
scale height). Eighty percent of that mass is concentrated within the troposphere. The mass of the thermosphere above about 85 kilometres (53 mi) is only
Thermosphere
Thunderstorm cloud that forms above a heat source
but with considerable vertical development. The CbFg reaches the upper troposphere or even lower stratosphere and may involve precipitation (although usually
Cumulonimbus_flammagenitus
Methane (CH4) in Earth's atmosphere
(O3) in the troposphere (4 miles (6 km) to 12 miles (19 km) from the Earth's surface) and also in the stratosphere (from the troposphere to 31 miles (50 km)
Atmospheric_methane
2006 novel by Scarlett Thomas
Lumas' hero uses to enter the Troposphere. Manto uses the recipe to reproduce the formula and subsequently enters the Troposphere herself. She soon discovers
The_End_of_Mr._Y
Neutral form of the hydroxide ion
The hydroxyl radical is often referred to as the "detergent" of the troposphere because it reacts with many pollutants, often acting as the first step
Hydroxyl_radical
because atmospheric artefacts signals are related to water vapour in the troposphere. The spatial resolution of the InSAR map for C-band satellites like Sentinel-1
Atmospheric correction for interferometric synthetic aperture radar technique
Atmospheric_correction_for_interferometric_synthetic_aperture_radar_technique
Physical quantity that expresses hot and cold in the atmosphere
between the troposphere stratosphere) is located. The width of the troposphere can vary depending on latitude: for example, the troposphere is thicker
Atmospheric_temperature
profiles of spectrally dispersed, limb scattered sunlight from the upper troposphere into the lower mesosphere. OSIRIS is one of two instruments on the Odin
Odin-OSIRIS
Condition where the Earth's atmosphere is generally considered to be unstable
atmospheric instability itself, involve temperature changes through the troposphere with height, or lapse rate. Effects of atmospheric instability in moist
Atmospheric_instability
Biogeochemical cycling of chlorine
chlorine into the troposphere comes from sea salt aerosol spray. Both organic and inorganic chlorine is transferred into the troposphere from the oceans
Chlorine_cycle
Method of communicating with microwave radio signals over considerable distances
are randomly scattered as they pass through the upper layers of the troposphere. Radio signals are transmitted in a narrow beam aimed just above the
Tropospheric_scatter
Conventional definition of the edge of space
v t e Earth's atmosphere Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere Tropopause Stratopause Mesopause Thermopause / Exobase Ozone layer
Kármán_line
Region of the stratosphere
tropics, it is done so by circulation lifting ozone-poor air out of the troposphere and into the stratosphere where the sun photolyzes oxygen molecules and
Ozone_layer
Relative amount of degradation to the ozone layer a compound causes
the presence of the hydrogen which causes them to react readily in the troposphere, therefore reducing their chance to reach the stratosphere where the
Ozone_depletion_potential
Chemical compound
northern troposphere reached an annual average of about 10 parts per trillion by year 2011. The concentration of HFC-152a in the southern troposphere is about
1,1-Difluoroethane
Hypothetical class of extreme tropical cyclone
temperature difference between the sea and the uppermost layer of the troposphere. As air is drawn in towards the eye it acquires latent heat from evaporating
Hypercane
Genus of dense, towering vertical clouds
vertical cloud, typically forming from water vapor condensing in the lower troposphere that builds upward carried by powerful buoyant air currents. Above the
Cumulonimbus_cloud
Topics referred to by the same term
not present Tropospheric ducting, a type of radio propagation in the troposphere that allows signals to travel unusually long distances Earth–ionosphere
Duct
Region of the radio spectrum
The radio window is the region of the radio spectrum that penetrate the Earth's atmosphere. Typically, the lower limit of the radio window's range has
Radio_window
Stationary lentil-shaped cloud
from lenticula 'lentil') are stationary clouds that form mostly in the troposphere, typically in parallel alignment to the wind direction. They are often
Lenticular_cloud
Cyclic flow of convection currents in a fluid
In fluid dynamics, a convection cell is a circulating pattern of motion in a fluid driven by density differences, typically caused by temperature differences
Convection_cell
Vertical rate of change of temperature in atmosphere
temperature. Although this concept is most often applied to the Earth's troposphere, it can be extended to any gravitationally supported parcel of gas. A
Lapse_rate
Titan (reported for reference) Saturn – 0.0225 0.404 Confirmed (for the troposphere) 97% nitrogen, 2.7±0.1% methane, 0.1–0.2% hydrogen, organonitrogen haze
List of terrestrial exoplanet candidates for atmosphere detection
List_of_terrestrial_exoplanet_candidates_for_atmosphere_detection
Branch of space physics and aeronomy
weather is analogous to the terrestrial weather of Earth's atmosphere (troposphere and stratosphere). The term "space weather" was first used in the 1950s
Space_weather
Region with higher atmospheric pressure
the troposphere, the atmospheric layer where weather occurs. Preferred areas within a synoptic flow pattern in higher levels of the troposphere are beneath
High-pressure_area
French meteorologist
that followed, he named the two layers of the atmosphere known as the "troposphere" and the "stratosphere". This naming convention has since been maintained
Léon_Teisserenc_de_Bort
Narrow airstream of strong winds in cyclones
narrow, transient and mesoscale airstream that descends from the mid-troposphere to the surface in some extratropical cyclones. When present, sting jets
Sting_jet
Gas layer surrounding Jupiter
the troposphere, stratosphere, thermosphere and exosphere. Each layer has characteristic temperature gradients. The lowest layer, the troposphere, has
Atmosphere_of_Jupiter
Meteorological term
meteorological term used to delimit any one of three main altitude levels in the troposphere where certain cloud types usually form. The term is derived from the
Etage
Common type of rain cloud
stratiform cloud, it actually forms most commonly in the middle level of the troposphere and then spreads vertically into the low and high levels. Nimbostratus
Nimbostratus_cloud
troposphere. TES was a high-resolution infrared Fourier Transform spectrometer and provided key data for studying tropospheric chemistry, troposphere-biosphere
Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer
Tropospheric_Emission_Spectrometer
from satellites. Microwave measurements have been obtained from the troposphere since 1979, when they were included within NOAA weather satellites, starting
Microwave Sounding Unit temperature measurements
Microwave_Sounding_Unit_temperature_measurements
Electromagnetic propagation in relation to the troposphere
propagation describes electromagnetic propagation in relation to the troposphere. The service area from a VHF or UHF radio transmitter extends to just
Tropospheric_propagation
Weather record
S2CID 120698040.. "How accurate are satellite measured temperatures of the troposphere?". AccuWeather. Archived from the original on 21 September 2019. Retrieved
Highest temperature recorded on Earth
Highest_temperature_recorded_on_Earth
Chinese-American climatologist
processes and their role in climate; atmospheric transport in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere; the interaction between the atmosphere and ocean
Rong_Fu
Biogeochemical cycle
altitude and reaches very low concentrations at the tropopause. In the troposphere, ozone formation and destruction are no longer controlled by the ozone-oxygen
Ozone–oxygen_cycle
Ionized part of Earth's upper atmosphere
universal adoption of the term 'stratosphere'..and..the companion term 'troposphere'... The term 'ionosphere', for the region in which the main characteristic
Ionosphere
Chemical compound and greenhouse gas
500-year time horizon, compared with CO2. Its concentration in Earth's troposphere reached 12.06 parts per trillion (ppt) in February 2025, rising at 0
Sulfur_hexafluoride
Biogeochemical cycle of bromine
regions were a significant location to understand halogen influence in the troposphere. Organic bromine gases such as CH3Br, CH2Br2, CH2IBr are emitted by microorganisms
Bromine_cycle
Outermost layer of an atmosphere
Earth's atmosphere: exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere. The layers are to scale. From the Earth's surface to the top of the
Exosphere
Science of the upper region of the Earth's or other planetary atmospheres
the scientific study of the Earth's lower atmosphere, defined as the troposphere and stratosphere. Although terrestrial aeronomy and meteorology once
Aeronomy
State of a solution that contains more solute than can be dissolved at equilibrium
in the atmosphere has been known. When water is supersaturated in the troposphere, the formation of ice lattices is frequently observed. In a state of
Supersaturation
Atmospheric layer temp deduced from oxygen radiance
broad levels of the atmosphere. The Lower troposphere - TLT (originally called T2LT). The mid troposphere - TMT The lower stratosphere - TLS Data are
UAH satellite temperature dataset
UAH_satellite_temperature_dataset
Toxic gaseous compound (COCl2)
them entering the atmosphere. In the 1970-80s phosgene levels in the troposphere were around 20-30 parts per trillion by volume (peak 60 parts per trillion
Phosgene
Mountain in Argentina and Chile
glaciers, which are currently retreating due to warming of the upper troposphere. Cerro Tronador is in the Wet Andes, a zone of high precipitation of
Tronador
Faint emission of light by a planetary atmosphere
kilometers upward and the pink mesosphere, white and blue stratosphere, as well as orange troposphere afterglow and silhouettes of clouds at the bottom.
Airglow
Turbulent movement of transparent air masses
speeds meet. The atmospheric region most susceptible to CAT is the high troposphere at altitudes of around 7,000–12,000 m (23,000–39,000 ft) as it meets
Clear-air_turbulence
Area with air pressures lower than adjacent areas
Westerlies (a trough with large wavelength that extends through the troposphere). A second is an area where wind divergence aloft occurs ahead of embedded
Low-pressure_area
Desert on the African continent
high pressure where the air from the upper troposphere usually descends, warming and drying the lower troposphere and preventing cloud formation.[citation
Sahara
Region of the Americas
net export of heat and freshwater from the lower atmosphere into the troposphere. The Great American Interchange was an important late Cenozoic paleozoogeographic
Latin_America
Measure of instability in the air as a buoyancy force
can partly counteract buoyancy, particularly in lower levels of the troposphere where most condensation occurs and in tropical environments. The added
Convective available potential energy
Convective_available_potential_energy
Chemical compound
Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) at stations around the world. Abundances are given as pollution free
Octafluorocyclobutane
Environment Program Committee on Global Assessment of Black Carbon and Troposphere Ozone. He was awarded Padma Shri in 2009 for his contributions in advancing
Syed_Iqbal_Hasnain
Fields of natural science related to Earth
to acid rain. Climatology studies the climate and climate change. The troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere are the five layers
Earth_science
converting solar energy into heat in the stratosphere, ozone in the troposphere provides greenhouse effect and controls the oxidation capacity of the
Tropospheric ozone depletion events
Tropospheric_ozone_depletion_events
Fictional airborne headquarters of Spectrum
is that of an airborne aircraft carrier, stationed in either the high troposphere (in the original series) or low stratosphere (remake). While developing
Cloudbase
Cyclone with an associated cold pool of air at high altitude
associated cold pool of air residing at high altitude within the Earth's troposphere, without a frontal structure. It is a low pressure system that strengthens
Cold-core_low
Nature Geoscience concluded that stratospheric cooling atop a warming troposphere is the result of the spectroscopy of carbon dioxide and not a result
2026_in_climate_change
Concentrated areas of wind due to atmospheric pressure or temperature gradients
ones dominate at synoptic scale. Air currents are not only found in the troposphere, but extend to the stratosphere and mesosphere. A difference in air pressure
Air_current
Shade of blue representing lightning
gases involved, but blue and purple are typical colors produced in the troposphere where oxygen and nitrogen dominate. The first recorded use of electric
Electric_blue_(color)
Recording of temperature
Satellite datasets show that over the past four decades[timeframe?] the troposphere has warmed and the stratosphere has cooled. Both of these trends are
Temperature_measurement
Transformation of atmospheric carbon between various forms
2011 carbon dioxide mole fraction in the troposphere
Atmospheric_carbon_cycle
Type of cloud
when a warm or occluded front is approaching. They are very high in the troposphere and generally mean that precipitation, usually rain, is approaching.
Cirrus_uncinus_cloud
Height in relation to a specified reference point
and distance from the poles. The altitudes stated below are averages: Troposphere: surface to 8,000 metres (5.0 mi) at the poles, 18,000 metres (11 miles)
Altitude
Weather system
is a persistent nearly stationary weak baroclinic zone in the lower troposphere. It is located over the east coast of China and Taiwan at its western
Meiyu_front
Optical phenomenon of the sky
are typically suspended in cirrus or cirrostratus clouds in the upper troposphere (5–10 km (3.1–6.2 mi)), but in cold weather they can also float near
Halo_(optical_phenomenon)
Mathematical simulation of how air pollutants disperse in the ambient atmosphere
24 mi) in height. The upper part of the troposphere (i.e., above the inversion layer) is called the free troposphere and it extends up to the tropopause (the
Atmospheric dispersion modeling
Atmospheric_dispersion_modeling
Boundary between the mesosphere and thermosphere
on global climate change associated with increases in CO2. Unlike the troposphere, where greenhouse gases result in the atmosphere heating up, increased
Mesopause
Chemical propellant and refrigerant
Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) at stations around the world. Abundances are given as pollution free
Chlorodifluoromethane
Methane's influence on ozone is very dependent on altitude. In the troposphere and lower stratosphere it induces ozone production via "smog chemistry"(10)
List_of_refrigerants
Finnish composer
EP (2016) Gardening (2017) Natsukashii EP (2020) Wonders Beneath The Troposphere (2024) "Girls <3 Kozilek" (2011) "Sword" (2011) "Low Fidelity SBBQ" (2012)
Jukio_Kallio
Air that flows outwards from a storm system
associated with ridging, or anticyclonic flow. In the low levels of the troposphere, outflow radiates from thunderstorms in the form of a wedge of rain-cooled
Outflow_(meteorology)
South-West Indian Ocean tropical storm in 2023
under favorable conditions despite vertical wind shear in the mid-level troposphere. The storm grew a central dense overcast around its ragged, inchoate
Cyclone_Alvaro
mechanical lifting (such as from low-pressure areas located in the lower troposphere, frontal systems, surface boundaries, gravity waves, and convergence
Convective_temperature
Genus of mid-level cloud
as it shows instability and convection in the middle levels of the troposphere, the area where cumulus congestus clouds can turn into cumulonimbus.
Altocumulus_cloud
Layer of an atmosphere where the bulk gases are homogeneously mixed
uniformity include heating convection and air flow patterns. In the troposphere, rising warm air replaces higher cooler air which mix gases vertically
Homosphere
layers of particulate dust trapped primarily in the middle layers of the troposphere. This effect differs from water based atmospheric diffraction because
Atmospheric_diffraction
Development and strengthening of a tropical cyclone in the atmosphere
atmospheric instability, high humidity in the lower to middle levels of the troposphere, enough Coriolis force to develop a low-pressure center, a pre-existing
Tropical_cyclogenesis
Regional tropical cyclone
atmospheric instability, high humidity in the lower-to-middle levels of the troposphere, have enough Coriolis effect to develop a low pressure centre, a pre-existing
Typhoon
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