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Science of the upper region of the Earth's or other planetary atmospheres
Aeronomy is the scientific study of the upper atmosphere of the Earth and corresponding regions of the atmospheres of other planets. It is a branch of
Aeronomy
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
The Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM or Explorer 90) was a NASA satellite launched in 2007 to conduct a planned 26-month study of noctilucent clouds
Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere
Aeronomy_of_Ice_in_the_Mesosphere
Research institute
4.356998°E / 50.796785; 4.356998The Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB) (Dutch: Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Ruimte-Aeronomie
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy
Royal_Belgian_Institute_for_Space_Aeronomy
Sub-field of physics dealing with the atmosphere's structure, composition, and motion
At the dawn of the space age and the introduction of sounding rockets, aeronomy became a subdiscipline concerning the upper layers of the atmosphere, where
Atmospheric_physics
Study of the Earth's atmosphere
focusing on average climate conditions and their variability over time. Aeronomy is the study of the upper layers of the atmosphere, where dissociation
Atmospheric_science
Country in South Asia
program, led by SUPARCO, yielding advancements in rocketry, electronics, and aeronomy. Notably, Pakistan launched its first rocket into space, pioneering South
Pakistan
Force Suborbital Aeronomy 7 July Successful Apogee: 166 kilometres (103 mi) 7 July 08:37 HAD Woomera LA-2 WRE WRE Suborbital Aeronomy 7 July Successful
1965 in spaceflight (July–September)
1965_in_spaceflight_(July–September)
Space research institute in Germany
Ravensburg to Lindau and another renaming to "Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy" completed the built up. Erhard Keppler became the science lead in the
Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research
Max_Planck_Institute_for_Solar_System_Research
kilometres (62 mi) 9 July 04:00 Nike-Cajun Wallops Island NASA NASA Suborbital Aeronomy 9 July Successful Apogee: 105 kilometres (65 mi) 11 July 04:24 Kappa-8
1960 in spaceflight (May–August)
1960_in_spaceflight_(May–August)
Long-term weather pattern of a region
category Climate variability and change Climate change category portal Aeronomy Aeronomy Glossaries Glossary of meteorology Glossary of tropical cyclone terms
Climate
Branch of space physics and aeronomy
Space weather is a branch of space physics and aeronomy, or heliophysics, concerned with the varying conditions within the Solar System and its heliosphere
Space_weather
Physics Laboratory continued their use of Aerobee on a variety of physics, aeronomy, photography, weather, and biomedical sounding rocket flights; a total
1951_in_spaceflight
Sub-orbital Aeronomy Within an hour of launch Successful MO SSSR Sub-orbital Aeronomy Within an hour of launch Successful MO SSSR Sub-orbital Aeronomy Within
1991 in spaceflight (July–December)
1991_in_spaceflight_(July–December)
Research facility in Boulder, Colorado, United States
specific locations over various time periods. On October 1, 2005, NOAA's Aeronomy Laboratory, Climate Diagnostics Center, Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics
Earth System Research Laboratories
Earth_System_Research_Laboratories
NLCs Night Shining Clouds
from water vapour in addition to forming on dust particles. Data from the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere satellite suggests that noctilucent clouds require
Noctilucent_cloud
The International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) is an international scientific association that focuses on the study of terrestrial and
International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy
International_Association_of_Geomagnetism_and_Aeronomy
Suborbital Aeronomy Ionospheric 7 October Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) 11 October 00:30 Nike-Cajun Eglin US Air Force AFCRL Suborbital Aeronomy Ionospheric
1962 in spaceflight (October–December)
1962_in_spaceflight_(October–December)
Earth, minus the oceans and atmosphere
subset of Earth sciences, predominantly geophysics and geology, excluding aeronomy, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, hydrology, and ecology. Ad cœlum –
Solid_earth
Third planet from the Sun
2007. Retrieved 14 March 2007. Liu, S. C.; Donahue, T. M. (1974). "The Aeronomy of Hydrogen in the Atmosphere of the Earth". Journal of the Atmospheric
Earth
Aeronomy mission 13 1969? Leba 68 Meteor 2H Aeronomy mission 14 1969? Leba 68 Meteor 2H Aeronomy mission 15 October 3, 1969 Leba 48 Meteor 3 Aeronomy
Meteor_(rocket)
Multiple regions of Earth's atmosphere
tropopause. The academic field which studies the upper atmosphere, is called aeronomy, and is contrasted by meteorology, the study of phenomena within the troposphere
Upper_atmosphere
Similarities and differences between planets
Comparative planetary science or comparative planetology is a branch of space science and planetary science in which different natural processes and systems
Comparative_planetary_science
Aerobee AJ10-34 USAF 76 Holloman LC-A US Air Force Firefly AFCRC Suborbital Aeronomy 2 February Successful Apogee: 143 kilometres (89 mi) 7 February X-17 Cape
1957_in_spaceflight
Branch of solar physics and aeronomy
Research Letters, Solar Physics (journal), Advances in Space Research. Aeronomy Planetary science, atmospheric sciences, and atmospheric physics Solar
Space_climate
Suborbital Aeronomy 27 January Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) 27 January 21:32 Nike-Cajun Wallops Island NASA NASA Suborbital Aeronomy 27 January
1965 in spaceflight (January–March)
1965_in_spaceflight_(January–March)
Region around an astronomical object
specialized scientific subjects of plasma physics, space physics, and aeronomy. Study of Earth's magnetosphere began in 1600, when William Gilbert discovered
Magnetosphere
aerography The production of weather charts. aerology See atmospheric science. aeronomy The branch of meteorology that studies the upper regions of the Earth's
Glossary_of_meteorology
LC-33 GE / US Army NRL Suborbital Cosmic Radiation / Solar Radiation / Aeronomy / Ionospheric 28 June Successful Project Hermes launch, apogee: 108 kilometres
Spaceflight_before_1951
Chronology of rocket tests by SUPARCO, Pakistan
June 7, 1962; 14:45 GMT Aeronomy SUPARCO Flight Test Range Level 1; Success Nike-Cajun Rehbar-II June 11, 1962; 14:50 GMT Aeronomy SUPARCO Flight Test Range
Chronology of Pakistan's rocket tests
Chronology_of_Pakistan's_rocket_tests
December 6 Reggane Centaure Aeronomy mission France CNES 130 1961 December 6 Hammaguira Hammaguira Bacchus Centaure Aeronomy mission France CNES 130 1961
Centaure_(rocket)
AEROS satellites were to study the aeronomy i. e. the science of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere, in particular the F region under the strong influence
AEROS
Rocket launch site in Svalbard, Norway
July 16 Viper 3A ROMA Aeronomy mission DLR 108 2001 July 19 Viper 3A ROMA Aeronomy mission DLR 105 2001 July 22 Viper 3A ROMA Aeronomy mission DLR 100 2001
Svalbard_Rocket_Range
Physicist from New Zealand
Wellington, New Zealand Education University of Canterbury Spouse Beatrice Tinsley (m. 1961; div. 1974) Scientific career Fields Physics, aeronomy
Brian_Tinsley
Swedish satellite with radiometer, 2001-2026
Odin was a Swedish satellite working in two disciplines: astrophysics and aeronomy. It was named after Odin of Norse mythology. Within the field of astrophysics
Odin_(satellite)
chemical transport model and created by the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB) Boream Model for the degradation of alpha-pinene BOXMOX Box
Kinetic_PreProcessor
Visible mass of particles suspended in the atmosphere
Noctilucent Clouds (PDF). International Association of Geomagnetism & Aeronomy. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2008. Retrieved 31
Cloud
Aeronomy Ionospheric 8 October Successful Apogee: 1,004 kilometres (624 mi) 8 October 10:23 Nike-Apache Wallops Island NASA GCA Suborbital Aeronomy 8
1964 in spaceflight (October–December)
1964_in_spaceflight_(October–December)
Study of the atmosphere, focusing on weather forecasting
Along with climatology, atmospheric physics, atmospheric chemistry, and aeronomy, meteorology forms the broader field of the atmospheric sciences. The interactions
Meteorology
flight of the V-2 rocket occurred on 19 September 1952 with an unsuccessful aeronomy mission conducted jointly by the Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories
1952_in_spaceflight
Outermost layer of an atmosphere
and it is unable to account for all atoms or molecules of the exosphere. Aeronomy Extraterrestrial atmospheres Extraterrestrial skies List of natural satellites
Exosphere
Gas layer surrounding Earth
"Observing noctilucent clouds". International Association of Geomagnetism & Aeronomy. Retrieved 2025-07-21. Sato, M.; et al. (May 2015). "Overview and early
Atmosphere_of_Earth
Suborbital Aeronomy 27 July Launch failure Apogee: 75 kilometres (47 mi) 27 July 11:45 Strongarm-1 White Sands US Air Force US Air Force Suborbital Aeronomy 27
1961 in spaceflight (July–December)
1961_in_spaceflight_(July–December)
Change in the statistical distribution of climate elements for an extended period
category Climate variability and change Climate change category portal Aeronomy Aeronomy Glossaries Glossary of meteorology Glossary of tropical cyclone terms
Climate variability and change
Climate_variability_and_change
Study of space plasmas in the Solar System
atmosphere and the rest of the Solar System. It includes the topics of aeronomy, aurorae, planetary ionospheres and magnetospheres, radiation belts, space
Space_physics
Second planet from the Sun
composed of carbon dioxide and nitrogen". Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy. Retrieved 28 March 2026. Lammer, Helmut; Brasser, Ramon; Johansen, Anders;
Venus
Russian–American physicist
in shear flows and possible observational appearance, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 34, 91-96. Kulikov Yu.Yu., Kuznetsov I.V., Erukhimova T.L., et al, 1994:
Tatiana_Erukhimova
American atmospheric chemist
to shed new light on the reasons for the demise of Scott's polar party. Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere: Chemistry and Physics of the Stratosphere and
Susan_Solomon
Deviation from the normal change of an atmospheric property with altitude
it an important atmospheric layer?". Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy. Retrieved October 26, 2026. "Glossary". forecast.weather.gov. NOAA's National
Inversion_(meteorology)
AFCRL Suborbital Aeronomy 5 July Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi) 6 July 19:23 Skylark-7C Salto di Quirra ESRO CNES/Liège Suborbital Aeronomy 6 July Successful
1964 in spaceflight (July–September)
1964_in_spaceflight_(July–September)
Award of the Royal Astronomical Society
(1888–1970), a British geophysicist who worked on solar-terrestrial physics and aeronomy. The medal was first awarded in 1973, initially on a triennial basis. From
Chapman_Medal
Formula used to model how air pressure varies with altitude
1007/s40828-020-0111-6. Bauer, Siegfried; Lammer, Helmut (2013). Planetary Aeronomy: Atmosphere Environments in Planetary Systems. Physics of Earth and Space
Barometric_formula
Layer of the atmosphere directly above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere
Sprite (lightning) Upper atmospheric lightning (Transient luminous event) Aeronomy Amateur radio high-altitude ballooning Geospace High altitude "mesosphere"
Mesosphere
Air-launched rocket
Responsive Launch demo for Space Force". NASASpaceFlight.com. ESA. "AIM (Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere)". Archived from the original on August 5, 2020
Northrop_Grumman_Pegasus
German geophysicist and statistician
the first President of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA). With Sydney Chapman, he wrote the influential book Geomagnetism
Julius_Bartels
Chemical element with atomic number 8 (O)
3253101. S2CID 96242703. Guy P. Brasseur; Susan Solomon (January 15, 2006). Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere: Chemistry and Physics of the Stratosphere and
Oxygen
of the Fundamental Dynamics section at the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Uccle. JPL · 11897 11898 Dedeyn 1991 GM9 Peter Paul De Deyn (born 1957)
Meanings of minor-planet names: 11001–12000
Meanings_of_minor-planet_names:_11001–12000
American chronobiologist (1919–2013)
the History Commission of International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. He also published in "Wege zur Wissenschaft, Pathways to Science". He
Franz_Halberg
Study of the physical processes in atmospheric clouds
category Climate variability and change Climate change category portal Aeronomy Aeronomy Glossaries Glossary of meteorology Glossary of tropical cyclone terms
Cloud_physics
Science of the heliosphere
and internal solar dynamics, solar activity and stellar magnetic fields, aeronomy and space plasmas, magnetic fields and global change", and the interactions
Heliophysics
Chemical element with atomic number 2 (He)
thermosphere: a part of the heterosphere". Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy. Archived from the original on 2005-01-01. Retrieved 2008-07-12. Listen
Helium
of Azerbaijan (Azercosmos)"". "বাংলাদেশ মহাকাশ গবেষণা ও দূর অনুধাবন". "Aeronomy.be – Contact – Who are we?". Retrieved 7 March 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint:
List of government space agencies
List_of_government_space_agencies
ST-3 Wallops Island LA-3 NASA S-56 US Air Force Intended: Medium Earth Aeronomy 4 December Launch failure First orbital launch attempt to use a Scout rocket
1960 in spaceflight (September–December)
1960_in_spaceflight_(September–December)
Planned ozone monitoring satellite
Stratosphere) is a satellite mission proposed by the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy and currently under development by the European Space Agency (ESA). Its
ALTIUS
operational software developed and maintained at Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy since 1996. It provides a web-based interface for assessing the Space environment
Space Environment Information System
Space_Environment_Information_System
Suborbital Aeronomy 6 November Successful Apogee: 103 kilometres (64 mi) 8 November 01:53 Nike-Cajun Churchill CARDE CARDE Suborbital Aeronomy 8 October
1958 in spaceflight (July–December)
1958_in_spaceflight_(July–December)
Device that measures magnetism
PRACTICE (PDF). Warsaw: International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-9650686-2-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March
Magnetometer
Asteroid
Institute for Space Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium (at ResearchGate) BIRA-IASB, Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy Asteroid Lightcurve Database
9641_Demazière
sessions of Division V of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy at the 19th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and
International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network
International_Real-time_Magnetic_Observatory_Network
Mathematician and astronomer (1473–1543)
non-profit society founded in February 1988 at the Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy to promote international collaboration in the geo- and space sciences.
Nicolaus_Copernicus
Scientific subjects
study of plasmas as they occur naturally in the Earth's upper atmosphere (aeronomy) and within the Solar System biophysics, studying the physical interactions
Branches_of_physics
Soviet international spaceflight program
no further offers were made to Finland. 1970 November 28 — Vertikal-1 Aeronomy/Ionosphere/Solar mission. 1971 August 20 — Vertikal-2 Solar Ultraviolet/Solar
Interkosmos
Sub-orbital Aeronomy 9 April 1991 Successful Apogee: 245 kilometres (152 mi) 9 April 18:18 Viper 3A Esrange DLR PMSE DLR Sub-orbital Aeronomy 9 April 1991
1991 in spaceflight (January–June)
1991_in_spaceflight_(January–June)
Topics referred to by the same term
speech incitement technique Affect infusion model, a theory about mood Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere, a NASA satellite launched in 2007 Ancestry-informative
AIM
of objects released from the sounding rocket. The first of three ECOMA aeronomy research missions to be conducted in 2008 was launched from the Andøya
Suborbital spaceflight in 2008
Suborbital_spaceflight_in_2008
Atmospheric effect caused by the solar wind
tornado – Solar windstorm Space weather – Branch of space physics and aeronomy "Auroras – NASA Science". 4 February 2025. Retrieved 9 March 2026. "Aurora"
Aurora
Suborbital Aeronomy 7 May Successful Apogee: 223 kilometres (139 mi) 8 May 17:23 Nike-Apache Wallops Island NASA Lockheed Suborbital Aeronomy 8 May Successful
1963 in spaceflight (April–June)
1963_in_spaceflight_(April–June)
Ortsteil of Katlenburg-Lindau in Lower Saxony, Germany
Institute for Solar System Research (known as "Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy" until June 2004) was based there until 2014, when it moved to Göttingen
Lindau_(Katlenburg-Lindau)
Oscillations in a planet's magnetic field
Intermagnet. In 1964, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) proposed a classification of magnetic pulsations into continuous
Magnetic_pulsations
Former radio telescope in Puerto Rico, United States
Observatory research and to publicize its accomplishments in astronomy, aeronomy and planetary radar as to seek additional funding support for the observatory
Arecibo_Telescope
Public high school in Highland Park, Los Angeles
(1905–1993), 1923 graduate, astronomer, professor, ufologist, and a father of aeronomy Gene Roddenberry (1921–1991), 1939 graduate, television screenwriter and
Franklin High School (Los Angeles)
Franklin_High_School_(Los_Angeles)
Norwegian scientist (1867–1917)
contributions of Kristian Birkeland to space physics". Geomagnetism and Aeronomy with Special Historical Case Studies. IAGA Newsletters. 29/1997: 107. Bibcode:1997gash
Kristian_Birkeland
Period of darkness
Backwards Rotation and Orbital Period". Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy. n.d. Retrieved 22 April 2025. Vorster, Albrecht P.; Born, Jan (March 2015)
Night
Overview of and topical guide to space science
study of plasmas as they occur naturally in the Earth's upper atmosphere (aeronomy) and within the Solar System. Solar physics – Sun and its interaction with
Outline_of_space_science
Branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the atmosphere is studied
category Climate variability and change Climate change category portal Aeronomy Aeronomy Glossaries Glossary of meteorology Glossary of tropical cyclone terms
Atmospheric_chemistry
probes (Mariner 4) and later orbiters used radio occultation to perform aeronomy. With chemical composition already deduced from spectroscopy, temperature
Climate_of_Mars
Ionized part of Earth's upper atmosphere
also been observed at Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Triton, and Pluto. Aeronomy Geospace Space physics Geophysics International Reference Ionosphere Ionospheric
Ionosphere
India's first satellite in space (1975–1981)
launch, the satellite experienced tumbling at 0.3° per second and the aeronomy instrument's power supply failed. However, engineers stabilised the satellite
Aryabhata_(satellite)
Nonprofit government contractor owned by Utah State University
and of OCO-2. Solar occultation for ice experiment (SOFIE) on board the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) satellite was designed and fabricated at
Space_Dynamics_Laboratory
NASA/ESA Saturnian moon probe concept
(June 2017). Poster 14: Explorer of Enceladus and Titan (E2T). Titan Aeronomy and Climate. France. Bibcode:2016tac..confE..26M. Archived from the original
Explorer of Enceladus and Titan
Explorer_of_Enceladus_and_Titan
1000-km-order method of measuring weather systems
category Climate variability and change Climate change category portal Aeronomy Aeronomy Glossaries Glossary of meteorology Glossary of tropical cyclone terms
Synoptic_scale_meteorology
Series of Japanese rockets
mission 1966 July 23 3H 1,800 km (1,100 mi) Gyro-plasma probe Ionosphere / aeronomy mission 1966 September 26 4S 400 km (250 mi) Ohsumi launch attempt. Failure:
Lambda_(rocket_family)
Brazilian Space Center
2 XV-55 Aguas Belas Ionosphere Success 88 km 1 June 1992 Sonda 3 XV-24 Aeronomy Success 282 km 31 October 1992 Sonda 2 XV-56 Ponta de Areia Ionosphere
Alcântara_Space_Center
Layer of the Earth's atmosphere above the mesosphere and below the exosphere
caused by a discharge from an underlying thunderstorm). Aerial perspective Aeronomy Air (classical element) Air glow Airshed Atmospheric dispersion modeling
Thermosphere
Geomagnetic phenomenon
Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 2007, Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 336–342. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2007.
Auroral_chorus
AFCRL Suborbital Aeronomy 9 July Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) 9 July Nike-Cajun Johnston US Air Force AFCRL Suborbital Aeronomy 9 July Successful
1962 in spaceflight (July–September)
1962_in_spaceflight_(July–September)
Plasma outside of the Solar System
Cravens; Mendillo, Michael; Mueller-Woodarg, Ingo (2008). Comparative Aeronomy. Springer. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-0-387-87824-9. Ratcliffe, John Ashworth (1972)
Astrophysical_plasma
Layer of gases surrounding an astronomical body held by gravity
ISBN 978-94-010-0145-8. Bauer, Siegfried; Lammer, Helmut (2013). Planetary Aeronomy: Atmosphere Environments in Planetary Systems. Physics of Earth and Space
Atmosphere
American astronomer
analyzing UFO phenomenon who made significant contributions to the field of aeronomy in upper atmosphere research as one of its fathers. Roach was involved
Franklin_E._Roach
Boundary separating two masses of air of different densities
category Climate variability and change Climate change category portal Aeronomy Aeronomy Glossaries Glossary of meteorology Glossary of tropical cyclone terms
Weather_front
21:09 Aerobee RTV-N-10 NRL 12 White Sands LC-35 US Navy NRL Suborbital Aeronomy / Cosmic Radiation 10 February Successful Apogee: 137.0 kilometres (85
1953_in_spaceflight
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