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Reversible transition in amorphous materials
"rubbery" state as the temperature is increased. An amorphous solid that exhibits a glass transition is called a glass. The reverse transition, achieved by supercooling
Glass_transition
In crystallography, the transition temperature is the temperature at which a material changes from one crystal state (allotrope) to another. More formally
Transition_temperature
Temperature above which magnetic properties change
ferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials, the Curie temperature can also be used to describe the phase transition between ferroelectricity and paraelectricity
Curie_temperature
Physical process of transition between basic states of matter
phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure
Phase_transition
Degree to which a material under stress irreversibly deforms before failure
critical value for fracture (KiC). The temperature at which this occurs is the ductile–brittle transition temperature. If experiments are performed at a higher
Ductility
Electrical conductivity with exactly zero resistance
critical temperature to 92 K (−181 °C), which was important because liquid nitrogen could then be used as a refrigerant. Such a high transition temperature is
Superconductivity
Technique used to study & characterize materials
approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions
Dynamic_mechanical_analysis
Superconductive behavior at temperatures much higher than absolute zero
first predicted and then confirmed to be a high-temperature superconductor with a transition temperature of 80 K. In 2018, a research team from the Department
High-temperature superconductivity
High-temperature_superconductivity
Concept in polymer physics
The transition from glassy to rubbery behavior is continuous and the transition zone is often referred to as the leathery zone. The onset temperature of
Time–temperature superposition
Time–temperature_superposition
Digital image analysis tool
allow the detection of glass transition temperature (Tg). At a glass transition temperature, the strain vs. temperature plot will exhibit a change in
Digital image correlation for electronics
Digital_image_correlation_for_electronics
Semicrystalline thermoplastic with high mechanical and chemical resistance
has a glass transition temperature of around 143 °C (289 °F) and melts around 343 °C (662 °F). Some grades have a useful operating temperature of up to 250 °C
Polyether_ether_ketone
Transition between different phases of matter at zero temperature
physics, a quantum phase transition (QPT) is a phase transition between different quantum phases (phases of matter at zero temperature). Contrary to classical
Quantum_phase_transition
Cryogenic energy sensor or particle detector
A transition-edge sensor (TES) is a type of cryogenic energy sensor or cryogenic particle detector that exploits the strongly temperature-dependent resistance
Transition-edge_sensor
Substance composed of macromolecules with repeating structural units
such as the glass-transition temperature, crystallization temperature, and melting temperature. The glass-transition temperature can also be determined
Polymer
Thermoanalytical technique
temperature at the same rate as the reference. This is due to the absorption of heat by the sample as it undergoes the endothermic phase transition from
Differential scanning calorimetry
Differential_scanning_calorimetry
States of matter for water as a solid
is produced either by rapid cooling of liquid water to its glass transition temperature (about 136 K or −137 °C) in milliseconds (so the molecules do not
Phases_of_ice
Metal alloys made by combining titanium with other elements
stable up to the melting temperature. Some alloying elements, called alpha stabilizers, raise the alpha-to-beta transition temperature, while others (beta
Titanium_alloys
Transparent thermoplastic, commonly called acrylic
organic glass at room temperature; i.e., it is below its Tg. The forming temperature starts at the glass transition temperature and goes up from there
Poly(methyl_methacrylate)
Equation in polymer science
simple empirical formula that relates molecular weight to the glass transition temperature of a polymer system. The equation was first proposed in 1950 by
Flory–Fox_equation
Intensive quantity, heat capacity per amount of substance
considered a type of liquid at temperatures above the glass transition temperature. Below the glass transition temperature amorphous materials are in the
Molar_heat_capacity
Chart used to show conditions at which physical phases of a substance occur
materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature, etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct phases (such as solid, liquid
Phase_diagram
Inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat
exceptions to each of these rules (piezoelectric ceramics, low glass transition temperature ceramics, superconductive ceramics). Composites such as fiberglass
Ceramic
Microscopic theory of superconductivity
limit of about 30 K. It is experimentally very well known that the transition temperature strongly depends on pressure. In general, it is believed that BCS
BCS_theory
Quantum physical phenomenon
structural and chemical stability, aging behavior, superconducting transition temperature, ease of fabrication, interface uniformity and roughness, and the
Josephson_effect
Property of glass forming liquids
is "frozen" into a solid and the corresponding temperature is known as the glass transition temperature Tg. Materials with a higher fragility have a more
Fragility_(glass_physics)
Low-temperature phase transition in magnetite
The Verwey transition is a low-temperature phase transition in the mineral magnetite associated with changes in its magnetic, electrical, and thermal properties
Verwey_transition
Chemical compound
61 g/mol. It contains phthalimide and bisphenol A sub-units. The glass transition temperature of PEI is 217 °C (422 °F). Its amorphous density at 25 °C is 1.27 g/cm3(
Polyetherimide
Biodegradable polymer
a glass transition 60–65 °C, a melting temperature 130-180 °C, and a Young's modulus 2.7–16 GPa. Heat-resistant PLA can withstand temperatures of 110 °C
Polylactic_acid
Substance used to protect biological tissue from freezing damage
toxic to cells. Some cryoprotectants function by lowering the glass transition temperature of a solution or of a material. In this way, the cryoprotectant
Cryoprotectant
Strongest part of the Earth's crust
feldspar-rich rocks in continental crust, the transition zone occurs at an approximate depth of 20 km, at temperatures of 250–400 °C. At this depth, rock becomes
Brittle–ductile transition zone
Brittle–ductile_transition_zone
Partial alignment of polymer molecular chains
and only occurs for temperatures below the melting temperature Tm and above the glass transition temperature Tg. Higher temperatures destroy the molecular
Crystallization_of_polymers
Material which exhibits superconductivity above 0 °C
highest accepted superconducting temperature was highly pressurized lanthanum decahydride, whose transition temperature is approximately 250 K (−23 °C;
Room-temperature superconductor
Room-temperature_superconductor
Equation in time–temperature superposition
applied to other temperatures. However, when the constants are obtained with data at temperatures above the glass transition temperature (Tg), the WLF equation
Williams–Landel–Ferry equation
Williams–Landel–Ferry_equation
those to do with fracture toughness, tensile strength, and glass transition temperature. Different theories describe how a dispersed rubber phase toughens
Rubber_toughening
Chemical compound
needed] As the chlorine content in CPVC is increased, its glass transition temperature (Tg) increases significantly. Under normal operating conditions
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
Chlorinated_polyvinyl_chloride
Plastic that softens with heat and hardens on cooling
typically decompose and do not reform upon cooling. Above its glass transition temperature and below its melting point, the physical properties of a thermoplastic
Thermoplastic
Type of glass
of sodium carbonate or related precursors. Soda lowers the glass-transition temperature. However, the soda makes the glass water-soluble, which is usually
Soda–lime_glass
Superfluid transition temperature of helium-4
temperature at which normal fluid helium (helium I) makes the transition to superfluid state (helium II). At pressure of 1 atmosphere, the transition
Lambda_point
Magnetic phase transition in α-Fe2O3 hematite
properties takes place at the Morin transition temperature. Verwey transition – Low-temperature phase transition in magnetite Ferromagnetism – Mechanism
Morin_transition
consequences on the general properties of the ELP, such as the transition temperature (Tt). Specifically, the hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity and the
Elastin-like_polypeptides
Thermoplastic polymer
monomer chains and various degrees of cross-linking. Its glass transition temperature is approximately 105 °C (221 °F). ABS is a terpolymer made by polymerizing
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene
Lowering the temperature of a liquid below its freezing point without it becoming a solid
down to the temperature at which crystal homogeneous nucleation occurs. Homogeneous nucleation can occur above the glass transition temperature, but if homogeneous
Supercooling
Distortion of the periodic lattice of a one-dimensional crystal
Therefore, the Peierls transition should be seen at low temperature. This is the basic argument for the occurrence of the Peierls transition, sometimes called
Peierls_transition
Component primarily utilized for making cushions or mattresses
expansion), caused by the foam's material being near its glass transition temperature—limiting its mobility, forcing any change to be gradual, and slowing
Memory_foam
Expulsion of a magnetic field from a superconductor
from a superconductor during its transition to the superconducting state when it is cooled below the critical temperature. This expulsion will repel a nearby
Meissner_effect
Forms which matter can take
exists at low temperature, and the resistivity increases discontinuously to a finite value at a sharply defined transition temperature for each superconductor
State_of_matter
State of matter
sub-picosecond dynamics and long-range correlations. This transition to BEC occurs below a critical temperature, which for a uniform three-dimensional gas consisting
Bose–Einstein_condensate
Family of polymers
transmission than many kinds of glass. Polycarbonate has a glass transition temperature of about 147 °C (297 °F), so it softens gradually above this point
Polycarbonate
Naturally occurring material
change from supercooled liquid to glass occurs at a temperature called the glass transition temperature, which depends on both cooling rate and the amount
Volcanic_glass
Superconductivity theory
state, that is for temperatures above the superconducting transition temperature, T > Tc. Below the superconducting transition temperature, the above equation
Ginzburg–Landau_theory
Thermodynamic properties list
sublimation. This applies to the transition of a solid to a vapor and is designated ΔHs. Cp is infinite at phase transition temperatures because the enthalpy changes
Thermodynamic databases for pure substances
Thermodynamic_databases_for_pure_substances
Substance added to a material to make it softer and more flexible
glass transition temperature will decrease, however, at all concentrations. In addition to a crossover concentration, a crossover temperature exists
Plasticizer
Chemical compound
glass insoluble. Bottle and window glass ("soda–lime glass" with transition temperature ~570 °C) is made by melting such mixtures of sodium carbonate, calcium
Sodium_carbonate
Phase transition of liquid to solid
Freezing is a phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point. For most substances, the
Freezing
glass transition temperature (Tg) can be defined by the temperature at which an amorphous polymeric material undergoes a reversible transition from a
Lignin_characterization
Theory of continuous phase transitions
after a phase transition; the order parameter is often zero above some critical temperature and non-zero below the critical temperature. In a simple ferromagnetic
Landau_theory
Semi-crystalline high-temperature plastic in the Nylon family
diacids in the polymer backbone increases the melting point, glass transition temperature, chemical resistance and stiffness. PPA based resins are molded
Polyphthalamide
Materials that can retain several shapes
sometimes three shapes, and the transition between those is often induced by temperature change. In addition to temperature change, the shape change of SMPs
Shape-memory_polymer
Viscosity equation
viscosity of liquids as a function of temperature, especially supercooled liquids approaching the glass transition. Glass-forming liquids can stay in a
Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation
Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann_equation
Polymer resin widely used in packaging
room temperature but flows if heated above about 100 °C, its glass transition temperature. It becomes rigid again when cooled. This temperature behaviour
Polystyrene
Type of high-temperature superconductor
of layers in each superconducting block (n). The superconducting transition temperature peaks at an optimal doping value (p=0.16) and an optimal number
Cuprate_superconductor
Turbulence caused by difference in air pressure on either side of wing
by its temperature and pressure. For example, in the case of liquid-gas transition, at each pressure there is a special "transition temperature" T c {\displaystyle
Wingtip_vortices
Transparent non-crystalline solid material
an appreciable extent over extended periods well below the glass transition temperature is not supported by empirical research or theoretical analysis (see
Glass
Ability of lipid molecules to move within a bilayer relative to temperature
as a “gel” phase. All lipids have a characteristic temperature at which they undergo a transition (melt) from the gel to liquid phase. In both phases
Lipid_bilayer_phase_behavior
Polymer matrix capable of ion conduction
parameter of transport is the temperature dependence of polymer morphology on transport mechanisms by the glass transition temperature. These electrolytes differ
Polymer_electrolytes
Encasing of electronics in solid resin
potting a circuit board that uses surface-mount technology, low glass transition temperature (Tg) potting compounds such as polyurethane or silicone may be used
Potting_(electronics)
Class of chemical compounds
phospholipids. The main transition phase temperature of sphingomyelins is also higher compared to the phase transition temperature of similar phospholipids
Sphingomyelin
Chemical science associated with pressure-sensitive adhesives
low glass transition temperature and high entanglement molecular weight, whereas the low tack polymer has high glass transition temperature and low entanglement
Chemistry of pressure-sensitive adhesives
Chemistry_of_pressure-sensitive_adhesives
Type of adhesive bonding for plastics
joining methods is that bonding generally occurs below the glass transition temperature of the polymer. Solvent bonding differs from adhesive bonding, because
Solvent_bonding
Mechanical, toroid gasket that seals an interface
those mating parts, especially at low temperatures where the seal rubber reaches its glass transition temperature and becomes increasingly inflexible and
O-ring
Mineral made of silicon and oxygen
system. The transition from α-quartz to β-quartz occurs abruptly at 573 °C (1,063 °F; 846 K) at ambient pressure; the transition temperature is greater
Quartz
Type of candy, usually hard and mounted on a stick
Food and Cooking. Scribner. pp. 647–712. Roos, Y.H (2010). "Glass Transition Temperature and Its Relevance in Food Processing". Annual Review of Food Science
Lollipop
Type of electromechanical device
resistance under a certain superconducting transition temperature, Tc that is hundreds of degrees lower than room temperature, cryogenics are required. DC homopolar
Superconducting electric machine
Superconducting_electric_machine
Natural or synthetic substance that is significantly longer than it is wide
Thermal Expansion, Continuous Service Temperature, Density of Plastics, Ductile / Brittle Transition Temperature, Elongation at Break, Elongation at Yield
Fiber
Critical temperature Curie point Ductile-to-brittle transition temperature Emissivity Eutectic point Flammability Flash point Glass transition temperature Heat
List_of_materials_properties
Phenomenon in some metal complexes
stimulus. The stimuli can include temperature, pressure or radiation. Spin crossover is referred to as spin transition if takes place suddenly,or spin equilibrium
Spin_crossover
Material phase change
first-order phase transition. Melting occurs when the Gibbs free energy of the liquid becomes lower than the solid for that material. The temperature at which
Melting
One phase is derived from a typically flexible (subambient glass transition temperature, Tg) polyol that is generally referred to as the “soft phase”. Likewise
Moisture_cure_polyurethane
Polymer derived from more than one species of monomer
derivatives. Copolymerization is particularly useful in tuning the glass transition temperature, which is important in the operating conditions of polymers; it
Copolymer
Term in condensed matter physics
phase transition takes place at absolute zero. A quantum critical point is typically achieved by a continuous suppression of a nonzero temperature phase
Quantum_critical_point
Chemical compound
copolymer are determined by the VA content, although the glass transition temperature is relatively invariant at -25 to -30 °C. EVA copolymer which is
Ethylene-vinyl_acetate
Chemical compound
heat, chemical, and mechanical load resistance. PEKK has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 162 °C. Hexcel Corporation (Formerly Oxford Performance
Polyetherketoneketone
Form of thermoplastic adhesive
to have a glass transition temperature (onset of brittleness) below the lowest service temperature and a suitably high melt temperature as well. The degree
Hot-melt_adhesive
Alloy which returns to a preset shape when heated
martensite upon cooling starting from a temperature below Ms; Mf is the temperature at which the transition to martensite completes upon cooling. Accordingly
Shape-memory_alloy
Series of chemical elements
elements that are ferromagnetic near room temperature are transition metals (iron, cobalt and nickel) or inner transition metals (gadolinium). English chemist
Transition_metal
Chemical compound
that was, when reported in 1990, a superconductor with the highest transition temperature in its structural class. Dean Kenyon examined the role of this chemical
Dicyanamide
Material of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids
hardness, density, tensile strength, thermal resistance, and glass transition temperature. Plastics can additionally be classified by their resistance and
Plastic
Board to support and connect electronic components
strength, the glass transition temperature (Tg), and the Z-axis expansion coefficient (how much the thickness changes with temperature). There are quite
Printed_circuit_board
Property of materials which both possess and are affected by electric fields
only below a certain phase transition temperature, called the Curie temperature (TC) and are paraelectric above this temperature: the spontaneous polarization
Ferroelectricity
Chemical compound
derived from methyl acrylate and other monomers. It has a low glass-transition temperature of about -43 °C (20 °C).[clarification needed] Far more important
Poly(butyl_acrylate)
Polymer
can be produced by rapidly cooling molten polymer below the glass transition temperature (Tg) to form a non-crystalline amorphous solid. Amorphous PET forms
Polyethylene_terephthalate
Liquid state of the element helium
point down to absolute zero. At temperatures below their liquefaction points, both helium-4 and helium-3 undergo transitions to superfluids. (See the table
Liquid_helium
Temperature at which the partition function of a statistical-mechanical system diverges
physics, the Hagedorn temperature is the deconfinement temperature. In string theory, it indicates a phase transition: the transition at which very long
Hagedorn_temperature
means material X doped with element Y, TC is the highest reported transition temperature in kelvins and HC is a critical magnetic field in tesla. "BCS" means
List_of_superconductors
Synthetic organic compound that exhibits superconductivity at low temperatures
corresponding material class was named after him later) with a transition temperature of TC = 0.9 K (−272.2 °C; −458.0 °F), at an external pressure of
Organic_superconductor
Branch of physics
Curie studied the dependence of magnetization on temperature and discovered the Curie point phase transition in ferromagnetic materials. In 1906, Pierre Weiss
Condensed_matter_physics
Polymer
Young's modulus, water absorption, as well as melting and glass transition temperatures. Nylon 11 is seen to have increased dimensional stability in the
Nylon_11
Chemical compound
superconducting transition temperature of 33 K (−240 °C) at ambient pressure is reported for Cs2RbC60. The increase of transition temperature with the unit-cell
Fulleride
Chemical compound
meaning 10 carbons in the molecule. It has a medium to low glass transition temperature of -3 °C. Chemically, it is a mixture of isomeric vinyl esters of
Vinyl_neodecanoate
Comparison of a wide range of temperatures
Most ordinary human activity takes place at temperatures of this order of magnitude. Circumstances where water naturally occurs in liquid form are shaded
Orders of magnitude (temperature)
Orders_of_magnitude_(temperature)
TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Tradition
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Tradition
Boy/Male
Hindu
Transition
Boy/Male
Tamil
Tradition, Culture
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Earning; Tradition; Way
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Tradition
Boy/Male
Tamil
Transition
Boy/Male
Hindu
Tradition, Culture
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Age of Transition; New Age
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Translation
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Tradition
Girl/Female
Gaelic, Indian, Kannada
Tradition
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Tradition
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Tradition
Girl/Female
Tamil
Tradition, Culture
Surname or Lastname
Translation of French Lemieux.English
Translation of French Lemieux.English : nickname from Old English bētere ‘fighter’, ‘beater’. Reaney suggests it may also be a short form of the various occupational names ending with -better, for example Leadbetter.German (Bavarian) : metonymic occupational name for a maker of rosaries, from Bavarian better ‘rosary’ (from beten ‘to pray’).
Surname or Lastname
Translation of German Kohl.English
Translation of German Kohl.English : from Middle English caboche, cabage ‘cabbage’, hence a nickname or perhaps a metonymic occupational name for a cabbage grower. The Middle English word also denoted a kind of freshwater fish, and in some cases the surname may have arisen from this sense.
Girl/Female
Danish, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Tradition
Girl/Female
Indian
Tradition
Girl/Female
Hindu
Tradition, Culture
TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
Girl/Female
Arabic
Praise; Admiration
Boy/Male
Scottish American
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Lord Chaitanya's Associate
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Ganesh
Girl/Female
Tamil
Varshitaa | வரà¯à®·à¯€à®¤à®¾
Rain, Beautiful
Boy/Male
Indian, Malayalam
Leader of Hunters
Boy/Male
African, American, British, English
Marsh; River
Girl/Female
Danish, Dutch, Indian, Telugu
Sweet
Surname or Lastname
English (Lancashire)
English (Lancashire) : habitational name from an unidentified place, perhaps named from Middle English kerr ‘wet ground’ + fote ‘foot’, ‘bottom’ (of a hill).
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Pure Love
TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
n.
A direct or indirect passing from one key to another; a modulation.
n.
Passage from one place or state to another; charge; as, the transition of the weather from hot to cold.
n.
One who adheres to tradition.
n.
That which is obtained by translating something a version; as, a translation of the Scriptures.
v. t.
To transmit by way of tradition; to hand down.
a.
Passing over to an object; expressing an action which is not limited to the agent or subject, but which requires an object to complete the sense; as, a transitive verb, for example, he holds the book.
n.
A passing from one subject to another.
n.
Translation; rendering; version.
adv.
By tradition.
n.
Dealing; transaction.
n.
Wrong translation.
v. i.
To make a translation; to be engaged in translation.
a.
Of or pertaining to transition; involving or denoting transition; as, transitional changes; transitional stage.
n.
A wrong tradition.
n.
The act of rendering into another language; interpretation; as, the translation of idioms is difficult.
n.
A transition from one subject to another.
n.
Transition.
a.
Transitional.
n.
The act of translating, removing, or transferring; removal; also, the state of being translated or removed; as, the translation of Enoch; the translation of a bishop.
n.
Change from one form to another.