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Lowering the temperature of a liquid below its freezing point without it becoming a solid
point without it becoming gaseous. Supercooling should not be confused with freezing-point depression. Supercooling is the cooling of a liquid below its
Supercooling
Natural phenomenon that hot water freezes faster than cold
Fahrenheit's description of supercooling of water, arguing that the previously boiled water could not be as readily supercooled.[citation needed] Modern
Mpemba_effect
Initial step in the phase transition or molecular self-assembly of a substance
degrees below 0 °C often stay completely free of ice for long periods (supercooling). Under these conditions, nucleation of ice is either slow or does not
Nucleation
Large gap in cirrocumulus or altocumulus clouds
appear in cirrocumulus or altocumulus clouds. The holes are caused by supercooled water in the clouds suddenly evaporating or freezing, and may be triggered
Fallstreak_hole
Formation of water ice on aircraft surfaces
accidents by icing. Icing conditions exist when the air contains droplets of supercooled water. They freeze on contact with a potential nucleation site, which
Icing_(aeronautics)
Flavored frozen drink
can also be produced by supercooling. The first slushies in the late 1950s and early 1960s were made by supercooling. Supercooled Sprite was briefly marketed
Slushy
Transparent non-crystalline solid material
atomic-scale structure of glass shares characteristics of the structure of a supercooled liquid, glass exhibits all the mechanical properties of a solid. As in
Glass
Reversible transition in amorphous materials
glass transition is called a glass. The reverse transition, achieved by supercooling a viscous liquid into the glass state, is called vitrification. The glass-transition
Glass_transition
Granular whitish deposit of ice formed by freezing fog
small drop size, the slow accretion of liquid water, a high degree of supercooling, and fast dissipation of latent heat of fusion. The opposite of these
Rime_ice
{\displaystyle r_{c}} and promote nucleation, a supercooling or superheating process may be used. Supercooling is a phenomenon in which the system's temperature
Critical_radius
Material phase change
vibration) to trigger this change, and supercooling (or superheating) may occur. Thermodynamically, the supercooled liquid is in the metastable state with
Melting
Phase transition of liquid to solid
released by the partial destruction of the previous interface, raising the supercooling point to be near or equal to the melting point. The melting point of
Freezing
Substance with high latent heat of melting or solidifying
(0–65 °C). Organic PCMs are chemically stable, exhibit little or no supercooling and show good cycling stability, which makes them attractive for long-term
Phase-change_material
Weather event characterized by freezing rain
themselves do not freeze, a phenomenon called supercooling (or forming "supercooled drops"). When the supercooled drops strike ground or anything else below
Ice_storm
Collections of ice crystals in open water
and supercools due to a rapid loss of pressure. This "glaciohydraulic supercooling" process forms an open network of platy ice crystals that can effectively
Frazil_ice
Crystal that develops with a typical multi-branching form
could be excluded. The experimental results indicated that at lower supercooling (up to 1.3 K), these convective effects are indeed significant. Compared
Dendrite_(crystal)
Fictional form of water
present, the same way that the ordinary liquid-solid transitions happen. Supercooling is only possible when nucleation cannot occur, which is difficult in
Ice-nine
Glass object created by dripping molten glass into cold water
v t e Glass science topics Basics Glass Glass transition Supercooling Formulation AgInSbTe Bioglass Borophosphosilicate glass Borosilicate glass Ceramic
Prince_Rupert's_drop
Clouds occurring in the stratosphere in high-latitude regions
more northerly latitudes. One main type of PSC is composed of mostly supercooled droplets of water and nitric acid and is implicated in the formation
Polar_stratospheric_cloud
Quick freezing by exposure to cryogenic temperatures
the surface or from within may be at random. There are phenomena like supercooling, in which the water is cooled below its freezing point but remains liquid
Flash_freezing
Presence/absence of symmetry or correlation in a many-particle system
of quenched disorder. For instance, a glass is obtained by quenching (supercooling) a liquid. By extension, other quenched states are called spin glass
Order_and_disorder
Organism capable of growing and reproducing in the cold
periods of time at sub-freezing temperatures in a supercooled state, but die at their supercooling point. Freeze tolerant insects can survive ice crystal
Psychrophile
provided is the latent heat. Recalescence also occurs after supercooling, when the supercooled liquid suddenly crystallizes, forming a solid but releasing
Recalescence
Term for fluids with high levels of viscosity
condensed matter physics and physical chemistry, the terms viscous liquid, supercooled liquid, and glass forming liquid are often used interchangeably to designate
Viscous_liquid
Chemical element with atomic number 31 (Ga)
tin by weight), but that may be the freezing point with the effect of supercooling. Gallium is predominantly used in electronics. Gallium arsenide, the
Gallium
Precipitation that forms when supercooled droplets of water freeze on a falling snowflake
snow, snow pellets or popcorn snow, is precipitation that forms when supercooled water droplets in air are collected and freeze on falling snowflakes
Graupel
Study of the physical processes in atmospheric clouds
atmosphere, the likelihood of homogeneous ice nucleation increases with supercooling and typically occurs between -35°C and -38°C. Classical Nucleation Theory
Cloud_physics
Water ice in symmetrical shapes
temperature. Trigonal or cubic crystals form in the upper atmosphere where supercooling occurs. Water can pass through laminated sheets of graphene oxide unlike
Ice_crystal
Type of middle-altitude cloud
middle-altitude cloud type, they can be made up of water droplets (including supercooled droplets), ice crystals, or a mixture of the two. Altostratus clouds
Altostratus_cloud
Refrigerant
cold water is supercooled and released again, increasing the ice fraction in the storage tank. However, a small crystal in the supercooled water or a nucleation
Slurry_ice
Pressure exerted by molecules of water vapor in gaseous form
which the saturated vapor pressure equals the ambient pressure. Water supercooled below its normal freezing point has a higher vapor pressure than that
Vapour_pressure_of_water
Genus of clouds, low-level cloud
cumulonimbus clouds. Cumulus clouds can be formed from water vapour, supercooled water droplets, or ice crystals, depending upon the ambient temperature
Cumulus_cloud
Species of beetle
both the adaptations of freezing tolerance and freezing susceptibility (supercooling). The adult Dendroides canadensis is from 7 to 16 mm (0.28 to 0.63 in)
Dendroides_canadensis
Rain maintained at temperatures below freezing
freezing rain is made entirely of liquid droplets. The raindrops become supercooled while passing through a subfreezing layer of air hundreds of meters above
Freezing_rain
Process by which a solid with a highly organized structure forms
applying heat, crystals usually form at lower temperatures – especially by supercooling. However, the release of the heat of fusion during crystallization causes
Crystallization
American theoretical physicist (1918–1988)
quantum mechanics, the theory of the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, and the parton model. Feynman developed a pictorial representation
Richard_Feynman
Genus of high-altitude clouds
although these are in a supercooled state. Ice crystals are the predominant component, and typically, the ice crystals cause the supercooled water drops in the
Cirrocumulus_cloud
Forms which matter can take
physics Cooling curve Hidden states of matter List of states of matter Supercooling Superheating M.A. Wahab (2005). Solid State Physics: Structure and Properties
State_of_matter
Physical process of transition between basic states of matter
have occurred, but not unstable either. This occurs in superheating and supercooling, for example. Metastable states do not appear on usual phase diagrams
Phase_transition
v t e Glass science topics Basics Glass Glass transition Supercooling Formulation AgInSbTe Bioglass Borophosphosilicate glass Borosilicate glass Ceramic
Ultra_low_expansion_glass
v t e Glass science topics Basics Glass Glass transition Supercooling Formulation AgInSbTe Bioglass Borophosphosilicate glass Borosilicate glass Ceramic
Dealkalization
Glass colored with uranium oxide
v t e Glass science topics Basics Glass Glass transition Supercooling Formulation AgInSbTe Bioglass Borophosphosilicate glass Borosilicate glass Ceramic
Uranium_glass
American theoretical physicist and cosmologist
the expansion of the universe would not be affected by the supercooling. The supercooled state is a false vacuum: It is a vacuum in the sense that it
Alan_Guth
Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen
October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023. Lide 2003, Properties of Ice and Supercooled Water in Section 6. Anatolievich KR. "Properties of substance: water"
Water
Precipitation in the form of ice crystal flakes
Snowflakes nucleate around particles in the atmosphere by attracting supercooled water droplets, which freeze in hexagonal-shaped crystals. Snowflakes
Snow
Science of using a material's refractive index for optical effects
v t e Glass science topics Basics Glass Glass transition Supercooling Formulation AgInSbTe Bioglass Borophosphosilicate glass Borosilicate glass Ceramic
Gradient-index_optics
Optical lenses that darken on exposure to certain wavelengths of light
v t e Glass science topics Basics Glass Glass transition Supercooling Formulation AgInSbTe Bioglass Borophosphosilicate glass Borosilicate glass Ceramic
Photochromic_lens
Physical property of allowing light
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Transparency_and_translucency
Tree-like structure of crystals
requirement is that the liquid (the molten material) be undercooled, aka supercooled, below the freezing point of the solid. Initially, a spherical solid
Dendrite_(metal)
Coating of ice on objects
Hard rime Hoar frost Atmospheric icing Deicing Inversion (meteorology) Supercooling International Cloud Atlas. Geneva: Secretariat of the World Meteorological
Glaze_(ice)
Form of solid precipitation
humidity and supercooled water droplets varies. The hailstone's growth rate changes depending on the variation in humidity and supercooled water droplets
Hail
Particle helping to form an ice crystal
condensation nuclei Nucleation Snow Supercooling Murray; et al. (2012). "Ice nucleation by particles immersed in supercooled cloud droplets". Chem Soc Rev.
Ice_nucleus
Melting points of chemical mixtures
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Liquidus_and_solidus
Brand of glass
v t e Glass science topics Basics Glass Glass transition Supercooling Formulation AgInSbTe Bioglass Borophosphosilicate glass Borosilicate glass Ceramic
Foturan
resembling cirrostratus or haze. Contains supercooled nitric acid and water droplets; sometimes also contains supercooled sulfuric acid in ternary solution.
List_of_cloud_types
Sea ice formation
supersaline, supercooled water sinks away from the frozen pure water. The stage is now set for the creation of a brinicle. As this supercooled saline water
Brinicle
Genus of atmospheric cloud
Unlike cirrus and cirrostratus, cirrocumulus clouds contain droplets of supercooled (below freezing point) water. Cirrus clouds form in the atmospheres of
Cirrus_cloud
Branch of physics that studies light
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Optics
Study of the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures
numerous fields. Primarily, the strong magnetic fields are generated by supercooling electromagnets, although there are spectrometers that do not require
Cryogenics
Collection of information about glass
v t e Glass science topics Basics Glass Glass transition Supercooling Formulation AgInSbTe Bioglass Borophosphosilicate glass Borosilicate glass Ceramic
Glass_database
NOAA weather modification program
1962 to 1983. The hypothesis was that the silver iodide would cause supercooled water in the storm to freeze, disrupting the inner structure of the hurricane
Project_Stormfury
Swedish meteorologist
supercooled water and ice crystals. According to Bergeron, most precipitation is formed as a consequence of water evaporating from small supercooled droplets
Tor_Bergeron
Order of insects
K.; Wowk, B.; Fahy, G. M.; Barnes, B. M.; Duman, J. G. (2010). "Deep supercooling, vitrification and limited survival to −100°C in the Alaskan beetle Cucujus
Beetle
American liquified natural gas producer and exporter
exporter of Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) located in Freeport, Texas by supercooling fracked gas and loading it onto seafaring tankers. Freeport LNG was an
Freeport_LNG
Gill-bearing non-tetrapod aquatic vertebrates
falling to −2.62 °C at a depth of 1000 metres. However, the water can be supercooled somewhat below these temperatures. "DWDS – Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen
Fish
Instrument measuring presence of ice on a surface
identify the presence of atmospheric icing conditions, i.e. the presence of supercooled water droplets. Indirect methods infer the presence of icing conditions
Ice_detector
Physics of the Earth and its vicinity
precipitation involve a complex mixture of processes such as coalescence, supercooling and supersaturation. Some precipitated water becomes groundwater, and
Geophysics
Type of glass
v t e Glass science topics Basics Glass Glass transition Supercooling Formulation AgInSbTe Bioglass Borophosphosilicate glass Borosilicate glass Ceramic
Soda–lime_glass
Species of beetle
tolerance in former years and that a strong correlation exists between its supercooling point (SCP) and the lower lethal temperature. The larvae of C. clavipes
Cucujus_clavipes
Weather condition in which water droplets freeze onto objects they come in contact with
persists in liquid state below this temperature is said to be supercooled, and supercooled water droplets cause icing on aircraft. Below −20 °C (−4 °F)
Atmospheric_icing
Interdisciplinary field of hydrology, mechanics and meteorology
formed in cloud, except for rime, which forms on objects exposed to supercooled moisture, and some plate, dendrites and stellars, which can form in a
Snow_science
Family of insects
have found extremely narrow physiological temperature tolerances, with supercooling points around –4 °C and upper lethal limits near +27 °C, indicating that
Grylloblattidae
Taiwanese physicist (1935–2021)
was a recognized pioneer in the research of the dynamic properties of supercooled and interfacial water with the use of neutron scattering techniques.
Sow-Hsin_Chen
Major stage of a crystallization process
rates, this mechanism requires a finite driving force (or degree of supercooling) in order to lower the nucleation barrier sufficiently for nucleation
Crystal_growth
competition between two alternative local structures. For instance, in supercooled water, two types of local structures have been predicted: a low-density
Liquid–liquid_critical_point
2021 video game
& DE [@justdance_de]; (November 13, 2021). "Hey, kennt ihr schon die supercoole VIP-Made Choreo von @flyingstepsacademy und @marekfritz zum Song Shoutout
Just_Dance_2022
Weather modification that condenses clouds to cause rainfall
vary from static seeding, which encourages ice particle formation in supercooled clouds to increase precipitation, to dynamic seeding, designed to enhance
Cloud_seeding
Australian chemist (1933-2021)
colleagues, he pushed water and its salt solutions to extreme conditions via supercooling and negative pressures, and simulated these scenarios using molecular
Austen_Angell
Transformation of a substance into a glass
polar regions are called cryoprotectants. Cryogenics Crystallization Supercooling Vitrified fort Ashle, Steven (June 2002). "Divide and Vitrify" (PDF)
Vitrification
Plants that grow at high elevation
Another, somewhat similar, method plants may use to avoid freezing is supercooling, which prevents ice crystallization within plant tissues. These methods
Alpine_plant
Heating a liquid to a temperature above its boiling point without boiling
Boiling chip Bumping (chemistry) Critical point (thermodynamics) Pumice Supercooling Supersaturation Subcooling Debenedetti, P.G.Metastable Liquids: Concepts
Superheating
Chemical compound
the fraction of 5- and 6-fold aluminium increases during cooling (and supercooling), at the expense of tetrahedral AlO4 units, approaching the local structural
Aluminium_oxide
Red-colored glass made by adding gold to molten glass
v t e Glass science topics Basics Glass Glass transition Supercooling Formulation AgInSbTe Bioglass Borophosphosilicate glass Borosilicate glass Ceramic
Cranberry_glass
Season of television series
allow the instant freezing to occur. The most likely explanation is supercooling, in which a liquid, beer or otherwise, in a very clean container can
MythBusters_(2010_season)
Property of glass forming liquids
diffraction experiments showed a clear link between structure evolution of the supercooled liquid on cooling, for example, intensification of Ni-P and Cu-P peaks
Fragility_(glass_physics)
Process of ice crystal growth in clouds
crystal growth that occurs in mixed phase clouds (containing a mixture of supercooled water and ice) in regions where the ambient vapor pressure falls between
Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process
Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen_process
Frozen water; the solid state of water
nothing to hold onto to pull themselves out. Snow crystals form when tiny supercooled cloud droplets (about 10 μm in diameter) freeze. These droplets are able
Ice
1994 American crewed spaceflight
"supercooling" temperature. Dendrites were grown at 20 different levels of supercooling ranging up to approximately 1.3 degrees Celsius. Supercooling is
STS-62
However, since it implies that the lamellar thickness over the given supercooling range (Tm–Tc) is unchanged, and many homogeneous nucleation of polymers
Hoffman_nucleation_theory
Computational fluid dynamics software package
loads on the missile in free-flight. The software was used to predict supercooled droplet impingement on helicopter blades by the Institute for Aerospace
CFD-FASTRAN
Type of plastic reinforced by glass fiber
v t e Glass science topics Basics Glass Glass transition Supercooling Formulation AgInSbTe Bioglass Borophosphosilicate glass Borosilicate glass Ceramic
Fiberglass
Reusable superheavy-lift general-purpose launch vehicle
Demonstrator in the mid-2000s. To improve performance, the engines burn supercooled propellant. The Block 1 version of the ship (used through November 2024)
SpaceX_Starship
Survival strategies of insects during winter
insects that are able to exist in cold conditions by supercooling, freeze-tolerant insects limit supercooling and initiate the freezing of their body fluids
Insect_winter_ecology
Chemical compound
glass-like solid. This form of glass, called carbonia, is produced by supercooling heated CO2 at extreme pressures (40–48 GPa, or about 400,000 atmospheres)
Carbon_dioxide
Type of vacuum pump
increase their residence time on a cold surface without actually freezing (supercooling). There is a delay between the molecule impinging on the surface and
Cryopump
Theory of nucleation
for a simple but approximate model of water called TIP4P/2005. At a supercooling of 19.5 °C, i.e., 19.5 °C below the freezing point of water in their
Classical_nucleation_theory
Disabled nuclear power plant in Japan
by Kajima Corporation. 1,500 thirty-metre-long (ninety-eight-foot), supercooled pipes were inserted into the ground in order to freeze the surrounding
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Italian physicist
anomalous behaviour with the presence of a hidden critical point in supercooled water. Experimental verification of this hypothesis has been obtained
Francesco_Sciortino
American physicist
Peter H.; Glotzer, Sharon C. (1997). "Dynamical Heterogeneities in a Supercooled Lennard-Jones Liquid". Physical Review Letters. 79 (15): 2827–2830.
Sharon_Glotzer
Thermodynamic point where three matter phases exist
515. Murphy, D. M. (2005). "Review of the vapour pressures of ice and supercooled water for atmospheric applications". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological
Triple_point
SUPERCOOLING
SUPERCOOLING
SUPERCOOLING
SUPERCOOLING
Girl/Female
Hindu
Thirsty, Desirous
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
The Primordial Master
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Celtic, Irish
Bear; Rock; Noble Strength; A Bear
Male
Scottish
Scottish surname transferred to forename use, BOYD means "yellow," as in yellow-haired.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Rightly guided
Boy/Male
Tamil
Always famous
Girl/Female
Arabic
Helpful; Helpfulness
Boy/Male
Hebrew
The prince is my brother.
Male
Greek
(Ἰεφθάε) Greek form of Hebrew Yiphtach (English Jephtha), IEPHTHAE means "he opens" or "whom God sets free." In the bible, this is the name of a city and the name of a son of Gilead.Â
Girl/Female
Muslim
Wealthy in every aspect
SUPERCOOLING
SUPERCOOLING
SUPERCOOLING
SUPERCOOLING
SUPERCOOLING