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2020 non-fiction book by Brian Christian
The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values is a 2020 non-fiction book by the American writer Brian Christian. It is based on numerous interviews
The_Alignment_Problem
Conformance of AI to intended objectives
In the field of artificial intelligence (AI), alignment aims to steer AI systems toward a person's or group's intended goals, preferences, or ethical principles
AI_alignment
American non-fiction author and researcher
about the human implications of computer science, including The Most Human Human (2011), Algorithms to Live By (2016), and The Alignment Problem (2020)
Brian_Christian
unintended consequences of AI became known as "the value alignment problem" or AI alignment. At the same time, machine learning systems had begun to have
History of artificial intelligence
History_of_artificial_intelligence
Sex position designed to maximize clitoral stimulation
The coital alignment technique sex position is used primarily as a variant of the missionary position and is designed to maximize clitoral stimulation
Coital_alignment_technique
Aligning molecular sequences using sequence and structural information
imply that the structural alignment problem is NP-complete. Strictly speaking, an optimal solution to the protein structure alignment problem is only known
Structural_alignment
Hypothesized risk to human existence
calling for a ban on the development of superintelligence. Two sources of concern stem from the problems of AI control and alignment. Controlling a superintelligent
Existential risk from artificial intelligence
Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence
American author and researcher
also introduced the term 'AI alignment problem' (which had previously been called the 'friendly AI problem' by us and the 'control problem' by others). Soares
Nate_Soares
Artificial intelligence field of study
encompasses AI alignment (which aims to ensure AI systems behave as intended), monitoring AI systems for risks, and enhancing their robustness. The field is
AI_safety
computational phylogenetics, tree alignment is a computational problem concerned with producing multiple sequence alignments, or alignments of three or more sequences
Tree_alignment
Intelligence of machines
re-focussed their careers on these issues. The alignment problem became a serious field of academic study. In the late 2010s and early 2020s, AGI companies
Artificial_intelligence
German-American artificial intelligence researcher
of reinforcement learning from human feedback as a solution to the alignment problem. “These systems, as they become more powerful, are not becoming
Connor_Leahy
Process in bioinformatics that identifies equivalent sites within molecular sequences
In bioinformatics, a sequence alignment is a way of arranging the sequences of DNA, RNA, or protein to identify regions of similarity that may be a consequence
Sequence_alignment
Photo storage service
Magazine. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on February 5, 2017. Retrieved February 4, 2017. "The alignment problem : machine learning and human values
Google_Photos
Alignment of more than two molecular sequences
Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is the process or the result of sequence alignment of three or more biological sequences, generally protein, DNA, or
Multiple_sequence_alignment
2023 letter calling for a pause on AI system training
ask for an indefinite pause. He fears that finding a solution to the alignment problem might take several decades and that any misaligned AI sufficiently
Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter
Pause_Giant_AI_Experiments:_An_Open_Letter
Categorization of ethical and moral in-game perspectives
In the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) fantasy role-playing game, alignment is a categorization of the ethical and moral perspective of player characters, non-player
Alignment (Dungeons & Dragons)
Alignment_(Dungeons_&_Dragons)
Method for aligning biological sequences
solution to the larger problem. It is also sometimes referred to as the optimal matching algorithm and the global alignment technique. The Needleman–Wunsch
Needleman–Wunsch_algorithm
Period of reduced funding and interest in AI research
scared of this'". ABC News. Archived from the original on 6 March 2026. Christian, Brian (2020). The Alignment Problem: Machine learning and human values. W
AI_winter
2021 nonfiction book
positively compared the book's exploration of artificial intelligence to The Alignment Problem by Brian Christian. "Briefly Noted". The New Yorker. 5 May
Atlas_of_AI
Framework in mathematics
the similarity between the aligned time series and the warping paths distances, the joint alignment problem is formulated as a minimization problem:
Graphical_time_warping
Class of machine learning algorithms
a manifold constraint to the general problem of correlating sets of high-dimensional vectors. Manifold alignment assumes that disparate data sets produced
Manifold_alignment
Nonprofit AI safety organization
The Machine Intelligence Research Institute (MIRI), formerly the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence (SIAI), is a non-profit research institute
Machine Intelligence Research Institute
Machine_Intelligence_Research_Institute
AI whose outputs can be understood by humans
with interpretability and alignment research. Scholars sometimes use the term "mechanistic interpretability" to refer to the process of reverse-engineering
Explainable artificial intelligence
Explainable_artificial_intelligence
Sequence of models in statistical machine translation
relative alignment model Model 5: fixed deficiency problem. Model 6: Model 4 combined with a HMM alignment model in a log linear way The IBM alignment models
IBM_alignment_models
of Cognition Brian Christian – The Alignment Problem James Barrat – Our Final Invention James Lovelock – Novacene: The Coming Age of Hyperintelligence
List_of_computer_books
computational phylogenetics, generalized tree alignment is the problem of producing a multiple sequence alignment and a phylogenetic tree on a set of sequences
Generalized_tree_alignment
Conflict of interest when one person acts on another's behalf
The principal–agent problem (often abbreviated agency problem) refers to the conflict in interests and priorities that arises when one person or entity
Principal–agent_problem
Political party in Cyprus
Democratic Alignment (Greek: Δημοκρατική Παράταξη, Dimokratiki Parataxi) is a centrist political party in Cyprus. The party was created after disagreements
Democratic_Alignment_(Cyprus)
Some researchers frame machine ethics as part of the broader AI control or value alignment problem: the difficulty of ensuring that increasingly capable
Ethics of artificial intelligence
Ethics_of_artificial_intelligence
Setting of text flow or image placement relative to a page, column, table cell, or tab
In typesetting and page layout, alignment or range is the setting of text flow or image placement relative to a page, column (measure), table cell, or
Typographic_alignment
Way in which data is arranged and accessed in computer memory
structure alignment is the way data is arranged and accessed in computer memory. It consists of three separate but related issues: data alignment, data structure
Data_structure_alignment
Method of DNA analysis
method of scoring alignments of two or more sequences. When aligning sequences, introducing gaps in the sequences can allow an alignment algorithm to match
Gap_penalty
53–60, archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2007, retrieved 30 August 2007 Christian, Brian (2020). The Alignment Problem: Machine learning and
Timeline of artificial intelligence
Timeline_of_artificial_intelligence
Artificial intelligence scenario
to the control problem might also find applications in existing non-superintelligent AI. Major approaches to the control problem include alignment, which
AI_takeover
Anomaly in cosmic microwave background
aligned with the plane of the Solar System. These are unexplained by the Copernican principle and suggest that the Solar System's alignment is special in
Axis_of_evil_(cosmology)
Component of LCDs
Alignment layers, or alignment films, are thin films which are a crucial component of liquid crystal displays (LCDs). They are applied to the surfaces
Alignment_layer
Accessory mounting system in firearms
typically on the receiver of a rifle over the bolt opening, where the cartridge would be inserted and/or ejected. However, alignment problems of the two piece
Weaver_rail_mount
Physics demonstration device
the compression to a larger amount of material but it can introduce an alignment problem. Steel is better than most materials because it allows the simple
Newton's_cradle
Computer bugs related to the year 2000
The term Year 2000 problem, or simply Y2K, refers to potential computer errors related to the formatting and storage of calendar data for dates in and
Year_2000_problem
American research company
take the knowledge you've acquired and plug it into the company's intellectual capital,' Stanco says. When a company has existing alignment problems, though
Gartner
Type of film camera
any alignment problems were not as conspicuous. Optical printers have often been used in the recovery of older, damaged film stock which includes the 1989
Optical_printer
Large language model and AI chatbot by Anthropic
technique developed by Anthropic to improve ethical and legal compliance (AI alignment). Since Claude 3, each generation has typically been released in three
Claude_(language_model)
Loudspeaker time-alignment, usually simply referred to as "time-alignment" or "Time-Align", is a term applied in loudspeaker systems which use multiple
Loudspeaker_time_alignment
American AI safety researcher
issues in AI alignment and subsequently founded the Alignment Research Center to focus on this area. One subject of study is the problem of eliciting
Paul_Christiano
Identifying translation relationships among the words in a bitext
Bitext word alignment or simply word alignment is the natural language processing task of identifying translation relationships among the words (or more
Bitext_word_alignment
Application of organized knowledge and skills to solve health problems
ISSN 2731-4812. PMC 9908503. PMID 36785697. Christian, Brian (2020). The Alignment Problem: Machine learning and human values. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 110
Health_technology
Data mining technique
semi-global alignments and local alignment. See sequence alignment. Some problems in sequence mining lend themselves to discovering frequent itemsets and the order
Sequential_pattern_mining
Optical analog video disc format
a problem known as "crosstalk". The issue could arise when the laser optical pickup assembly within the player was out of alignment or because the disc
LaserDisc
Estonian programmer and investor
of the Rationalist movement. He has also contributed to Chatham House, supporting their work on the nuclear threat. His views on the AI alignment problem
Jaan_Tallinn
Disruptive modification of a signal
controlling the co-channel and adjacent-channel interference. A solution to interference problems in wireless communication networks is interference alignment, which
Interference_(communication)
Linux distribution for Apple Silicon-powered Macs
been designed to expect a different page size, then the program will experience alignment problems when being mapped to memory; however, a binary that
Asahi_Linux
UNESCO World Heritage Site in southern Egypt
welt-Ägypten, 2005 "NASA Space Math Abu Simbel Alignment problem with answers" (PDF). Edwards, ‘‘A Thousand Miles up the Nile’’, pp. 303, 304 "king Psammetichus
Abu_Simbel
The following is a list of notable unsolved problems grouped into broad areas of physics. Some of the major unsolved problems in physics are theoretical
List of unsolved problems in physics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics
2010 video game
is an experimental video game about multiple sequence alignment optimisation. Developed by the McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, it was originally released
Phylo_(video_game)
Nominal signal level in an audio signal chain
The alignment level in an audio signal chain or on an audio recording is a defined anchor point that represents a reasonable or typical level. In analogue
Alignment_level
Magnet high school in Monmouth County, New Jersey, US
2002), author of The Alignment Problem Akash Modi (born 1995, class of 2013), artistic gymnast who represented the United States at the 2018 World Artistic
High_Technology_High_School
Substrings of length k contained in a biological sequence
of the underlying sequence. Comparing these frequencies is computationally easier than sequence alignment and is an important method in alignment-free
K-mer
2019 book by Stuart J. Russell
Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Control is a 2019 non-fiction book by computer scientist Stuart J. Russell. It asserts that the risk to humanity from
Human_Compatible
Machine translation paradigm
align the corpus[citation needed]. The alignments are used to extract phrases or deduce syntax rules. And matching words in bi-text is still a problem actively
Statistical machine translation
Statistical_machine_translation
bioinformatics, MAFFT (multiple alignment using fast Fourier transform) is a program used to create multiple sequence alignments of amino acid or nucleotide
MAFFT
Part of the firing mechanism in a firearm
the breechblock is angled away from the centerline of the barrel toward the hammer. The Sharps rifle uses a firing pin block to solve this alignment problem
Firing_pin
Annual literary prize
The Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Science and Technology, established in 1980, is a category of the Los Angeles Times Book Prize. Works are eligible
Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Science and Technology
Los_Angeles_Times_Book_Prize_for_Science_and_Technology
Type of neural network output and associated scoring function
devices. CTC are limited to monotonic alignment, which is not a problem for voice recognition, but may be a problem for language translation, as later words
Connectionist temporal classification
Connectionist_temporal_classification
Israeli computer scientist
algorithms for the edit distance problem, his numerous papers on modeling digitized images and 2D matching, incremental sequence alignment, and recently
Gad_Landau
Dispute between Greek and Turkish Cypriots
engaged in oil exploration in the island's Exclusive Economic Zone, and by the Turkish Cypriot leadership's alignment with Ankara's claim that Cyprus
Cyprus_problem
Color television cathode ray tube design
produced. The rest suffered from alignment problems, with the colors fading from one to another across the screen, impossible to fix after the tube was
Chromatron
copy regions can be targeted, which reduces alignments problems in genetically highly diverse species. The method was first described by Elshire et al
Genotyping_by_sequencing
to the same musical work. The general goal of music alignment (sometimes also referred to as music synchronization) is to automatically link the various
Music_alignment
Woodworking joint
trimming and sanding of the surface, followed by normal finishing then proceed in the usual manner. The blind alignment problems of floating dowels are
Butt_joint
Business and technology alignment, or just technology alignment, corrects terminology and assumptions used in business to better match those of technology
Technology_alignment
Process of determining correspondences between concepts in ontologies
Ontology alignment, or ontology matching, is the process of determining correspondences between concepts in ontologies. A set of correspondences is also
Ontology_alignment
Transit line in Kolkata, India
such as land acquisition, slum relocation, and route alignment problems, the project got delayed. The East-West Corridor was originally slated to be operational
Green_Line_(Kolkata_Metro)
circumventing many of the problems of progressive alignment. The AMAP parameters can be used to tune the sensitivity-specificity tradeoff. The program can be
AMAP
Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate
damaged. This damage created alignment problems for the engineering and combat systems teams in the years to come. The ship regularly required waivers
USS_Oliver_Hazard_Perry
Sri Lanka Navy Reliance-class cutter
supplies, the crew completed a five-month engine overhaul in Portsmouth. During subsequent engine trials, a shaft alignment problem was discovered by the crew
SLNS_Samudura
Political party in the United Kingdom
an affiliate party named "Reform Derby", in alignment with Reform UK. In December 2021, days before the North Shropshire by-election, local councillor
Reform_UK
Tape machine for playing and recording audio compact cassettes
flips the head when your cassette is finished... "JVC flip-reverse tape heads". Gramophone. 1983. p. 200. This gets over the azimuth-alignment problems of
Cassette_deck
Type of machine learning model
evaluations for LLMs attempt to measure model reasoning, factual accuracy, alignment, and safety. As older evaluation metrics began to face saturation, newer
Large_language_model
Mechanical device
Over the years, manufacturers have designed types of cams/keepers combinations to solve certain door alignment problems. Powerbrace invented the zero-torque
Lockrod
For India, the concept of non-alignment began as a policy of non-participation in the military affairs of a bipolar world and in the context of colonialism
India and the Non-Aligned Movement
India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement
Type of motorcycle
minimal alignment problems. The front and rear wheels were designed to be interchangeable, and the sidecar chassis wheel was made the same size. The sidecar
Panther_Model_120
plagiarism and theft, fraud, safety and alignment, environmental impacts, technological unemployment, and the spread of misinformation. It also covers
Artificial intelligence controversies
Artificial_intelligence_controversies
2017 maritime accident
Navy officials said the superstructure, damaged in the collision, might have been warped, which could create alignment problems for the AN/SPY-1 radar, which
USS Fitzgerald and MV ACX Crystal collision
USS_Fitzgerald_and_MV_ACX_Crystal_collision
Historic church in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
The Basilica-Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada is the metropolitan cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese
Basilica of St. John the Baptist
Basilica_of_St._John_the_Baptist
Loss of one degree of freedom in a three-dimensional, three-gimbal mechanism
Gimbal lock is the loss of one degree of freedom in a multi-dimensional mechanism at certain alignments of the axes. In a three-dimensional three-gimbal
Gimbal_lock
Bioinformatics search algorithm
BLAST (basic local alignment search tool) is an algorithm and program for comparing primary biological sequence information, such as the amino-acid sequences
BLAST_(biotechnology)
Problem optimization method
x]) In genetics, sequence alignment is an important application where dynamic programming is essential. Typically, the problem consists of transforming
Dynamic_programming
Algorithm for determining similar regions between two molecular sequences
yielding the highest scoring local alignment. Because of its quadratic time complexity, it often cannot be practically applied to large-scale problems and
Smith–Waterman_algorithm
Motor vehicle
panel shutlines, computer problems, poor paint quality and front suspension alignment problems. Launched in October 1989, the Series II brought with it
Ford_Falcon_(Australia)
German researcher and professor of bioinformatics
under the supervision of Kurt Mehlhorn and Hans-Peter Lenhof. His doctoral thesis, titled "A Polyhedral Approach to Sequence Alignment Problems", focused
Knut_Reinert
Party, Democratic Alignment (DIPA), and the Movement of Ecologists (KOSP) each lost all their seats, and so are no longer represented in the Parliament of
2026 Cypriot legislative election
2026_Cypriot_legislative_election
Method of connecting two rotating shafts or pulleys
commonly, wedge rope) solved the slippage and alignment problem. It is now the basic belt for power transmission. They provide the best combination of traction
Belt_(mechanical)
Dutch computer scientist
was used. This led to the identification of the so-called business/IT alignment problem. Solving the business/IT alignment problem requires enterprises
Erik_Proper
Bus rapid transit system in Canada
problem at that location. Winnipeg Transit sought advice from Orkin Canada who recommended using OvoControl P in nearby bird feeders to control the pigeon
Winnipeg_Rapid_Transit
Deep learning facial recognition system
direct the alignment of faces. The facial alignment begins with a 2D alignment, and then continues with 3D alignment and frontalization. That is, DeepFace's
DeepFace
Machine learning technique
DPO eliminates the need for a separate reward model or reinforcement learning loop, treating alignment as a supervised learning problem over preference
Reinforcement learning from human feedback
Reinforcement_learning_from_human_feedback
American religious organization
Together, they are, "the Master Christ: Eternal Ruler of all Creation by God's Living Hand". They also run the "Mind Alignment Process", an online service
Twin_Flames_Universe
Reservoir in Washington, D.C.
alignment problems. By October 1885 the estimate for completing just the excavation of the tunnel was slightly under $1 million. Construction of the tunnel
McMillan_Reservoir
Square matrix containing the distances between elements in a set
in obtaining the distance matrix and then obtain the local alignment. Multiple sequence alignment is an extension of pairwise alignment to align several
Distance_matrix
THE ALIGNMENT-PROBLEM
THE ALIGNMENT-PROBLEM
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend American Hebrew Spanish
Arthur's brother.
Female
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name THU means "autumn."
Girl/Female
Greek
Untamed.
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the Middle English word tye, TYE means "pasture."
Female
German
Pet form of German Kätharina, KÄTHE means "pure."
Male
English
Short form of English Theodore, THEO means "gift of God," and other names beginning with Theo-.
Female
Greek
 Short form of Greek and Latin Dorothea, THEA means "gift of God." Compare with another form of Thea.
Boy/Male
Native American
Rock.
Girl/Female
Finnish, German, Greek
Gift of God
Female
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name THI means "poem."
Boy/Male
English
From the enclosure.
Surname or Lastname
English (Yorkshire)
English (Yorkshire) : variant of Tye.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : status name from Middle English thewe ‘thrall’, ‘slave’ (Old English þēow).
Boy/Male
Greek American German
God given.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Gift of God
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Modern, Tamil
Nil
Girl/Female
Greek American
Goddess; godly. Also as abbreviation of names like Althea and Dorothea. The mythological Thea was...
Male
Native American
Native American Navajo name TSE means "rock."
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly East Anglia)
English (mainly East Anglia) : topographic name for someone who lived by a common pasture, Middle English tye (Old English tēag).North German : from a short form, Tide, of the personal name Dietrich.
Female
English
 Pet form of English Theodora, THEA means "gift of God." Compare with another form of Thea.
THE ALIGNMENT-PROBLEM
THE ALIGNMENT-PROBLEM
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Shepherd.
Male
English
Anglicized form of Greek Symeon, SIMEON means "hearkening." In the bible, this is the name of several characters, including the second son of Jacob and Leah.Â
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Love
Boy/Male
Arabic
Arabic Form of Paul
Girl/Female
Hindu
Pleasant, Happy, Lovely
Female
Hebrew
(עַש×ְתּׄרֶת) Hebrew name ASHTORETH means "star." In the bible, this is the name of the principal female deity of the Semitic nations, worshiped in war and fertility. Equated with Assyrian Ishtar and Greek Astarte.Â
Boy/Male
Hindu
Champion, Blue, Treasure, A mountain, Indigo, Sapphire
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Blooming
Surname or Lastname
English (Hampshire)
English (Hampshire) : perhaps a habitational name from a lost or unidentified place.
Girl/Female
American, Arabic, Australian, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Jamaican, Latin, Swahili
Patient; Enduring; Cactus Fruit; Thorny Cactus; To Rest
THE ALIGNMENT-PROBLEM
THE ALIGNMENT-PROBLEM
THE ALIGNMENT-PROBLEM
THE ALIGNMENT-PROBLEM
THE ALIGNMENT-PROBLEM
n.
A band of connective tissue, or a membranous fold, which supports or retains an organ in place; as, the gastrophrenic ligament, connecting the diaphragm and stomach.
adv.
By that; by how much; by so much; on that account; -- used before comparatives; as, the longer we continue in sin, the more difficult it is to reform.
n.
Same as Alignment.
n.
Alignment; position in a straight line, as of two planets with the sun.
n.
The act of adjusting to a line; arrangement in a line or lines; the state of being so adjusted; a formation in a straight line; also, the line of adjustment; esp., an imaginary line to regulate the formation of troops or of a squadron.
definite article.
A word placed before nouns to limit or individualize their meaning.
v. i.
See Thee.
n.
An interhyal ligament or cartilage.
n.
The soldier who forms the pilot of a wheeling column, or marks the direction of an alignment.
n.
The transfer of the property of a bankrupt to certain persons called assignees, in whom it is vested for the benefit of creditors.
n.
The assignment of parts in a play to the actors.
n.
The ground-plan of a railway or other road, in distinction from the grades or profile.
n.
See Alignment.
n.
The writing by which an interest is transferred.
a.
Composing a ligament; of the nature of a ligament; binding; as, a strong ligamentous membrane.
n.
See Eloignment.
n.
The assignment of a cause.
n.
Aliment; food.
n.
The act of allotting; assignment.