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Method of burial used by Native Americans
Stone box graves were a method of burial used by Native Americans of the Mississippian culture in the Midwestern United States and the Southeastern United
Stone_box_grave
Small stone-built coffin-like box, ossua or dolmen
Ancient Greek: κίστη; cognate to English: chest) or cist grave is a small stone-built coffin-like box or ossuary used to hold the bodies of the dead. In some
Cist
Items buried along with the body
such as pottery and stone and metal tools, but organic objects that have since decayed were also placed in ancient tombs. If grave goods were to be useful
Grave_goods
Prehistoric period, second part of the Stone Age
The Mesolithic (Greek: μέσος, mesos 'middle' + λίθος, lithos 'stone') is the Old World archaeological period between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic
Mesolithic
Prehistoric period: Copper Age
Russia, where there was no well-defined Copper Age between the Stone and Bronze Ages. Stone tools were still predominantly used during this period. The Chalcolithic
Chalcolithic
cairns, which are simply large piles of loose stones (as opposed to chambered cairns) standing stone rings, such as Stonehenge, also do not count because
List of oldest extant buildings
List_of_oldest_extant_buildings
Images carved on a rock surface as a form of rock art
petroglyph comes from the Greek prefix petro-, from πέτρα petra meaning "stone", and γλύφω glýphō meaning "carve", and was originally coined in French
Petroglyph
Prehistoric period, first part of the Stone Age
PAY-lee-oh-LITH-ik, PAL-ee-), or Old Stone Age, is a period in human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools. It represents almost
Paleolithic
Subdivision of the Paleolithic, or Old Stone Age
Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. Very broadly, it dates to between 50,000 and 12,000 years ago (the
Upper_Paleolithic
Prehistoric period before metal tools
The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make stone tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The
Stone_Age
Archaeological site in Turkey
other areas of the community. In a woman's grave, spinning whorls were recovered and in a man's grave, stone axes. Some skulls were plastered and painted
Çatalhöyük
Form of megalithic tomb
single large stone. Multiple burials could occur all at one time, the grave could be reopened several times to accept new burials, or the grave could remain
Gallery_grave
First epoch of the Quaternary Period
tomb Mummy Passage grave Rectangular dolmen Ring cairn Simple dolmen Stone box grave Tor cairn Unchambered long cairn Other cultural Archaeoastronomy sites
Pleistocene
Earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic
of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. It spans the time from around 3.3 million years ago when the first evidence for stone tool production and use by
Lower_Paleolithic
Type of megalithic tomb
passage grave or passage tomb consists of one or more burial chambers covered in earth or stone and having a narrow access passage made of large stones. These
Passage_grave
Axe specifically designed for combat
exaggerated as befitted a national hero: "Long and long after he was quiet in his grave, his terrible battle-axe, with twenty English pounds of English steel in
Battle_axe
Stone Age. Stone tools may be made of either ground stone or knapped stone, the latter fashioned by a craftsman called a flintknapper. Stone has been used
Stone_tool
Archaeological site in Louisiana, US
than those at Poverty Point. The people heated local gravel for cooking stones to steam some of their food. They created and fired earthenware items in
Watson_Brake
Surgically drilling a hole in the skull
"medicine men." Those who performed trepanation used materials such as stone, obsidian, bronze, or bone shaped into hand-held tools. The intentional
Trepanning
Calendar based only on the Moon
tomb Mummy Passage grave Rectangular dolmen Ring cairn Simple dolmen Stone box grave Tor cairn Unchambered long cairn Other cultural Archaeoastronomy sites
Lunar_calendar
Archaeological period, last part of the Stone Age (New Stone Age)
νέος néos 'new' and λίθος líthos 'stone'), or New Stone Age, is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Asia, Europe and Africa
Neolithic
Paleolithic artifact from Congo
(now on the border between modern-day Uganda and D.R. Congo). The Late Stone Age human remains from Ishango belong to Homo sapiens, although they exhibit
Ishango_bone
Prehistoric ivory sculpture discovered in the Hohlenstein-Stadel, a cave in Germany
example of zoomorphic art, it was carved out of mammoth ivory using a flint stone knife. Seven parallel, transverse, carved gouges are on the left arm. After
Lion-man of Hohlenstein-Stadel
Lion-man_of_Hohlenstein-Stadel
Aspect of human history
regularly and systematically by early modern humans to heat-treat silcrete stone to increase its flake-ability for toolmaking ~164,000 years ago at the South
Control of fire by early humans
Control_of_fire_by_early_humans
New World prehistoric projectile
are known to have been made of flint, chert, jasper, chalcedony and other stone of conchoidal fracture. Quartz crystal were also used and those points tend
Clovis_point
Period of human history before records
history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins c. 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded
Prehistory
Legendary Indigenous North American creature
terminology and popular usage. Some thunderbird nests are doughnut-shaped stone rings. In a key archaeological investigation of a thunderbird nest, Patrick
Thunderbird_(mythology)
Mound of earth and stones raised over graves
A tumulus (pl.: tumuli) is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds, mounds, howes, or
Tumulus
Period before the First Dynasty of Egypt
Egypt is sparse and fragmentary. The oldest archaeological finds in Egypt, stone tools belonging to the Oldowan industry, are poorly dated. These tools are
Prehistoric_Egypt
Paintings, often prehistoric, on cave walls and ceilings
subjects in the many small carved and engraved bone or ivory (less often stone) pieces dating from the same periods. But these include the group of Venus
Cave_painting
Place for a fire to heat the home and to cook food, usually of masonry
hood, or chimney. Hearths are usually composed of masonry such as brick or stone. For millennia, the hearth was such an integral part of a home, usually
Hearth
Memory aid device
The single tally stick was an elongated piece of bone, ivory, wood, or stone which is marked with a system of notches (see: tally marks). The single
Tally_stick
Neolithic sculpture found in Turkey
fertility goddess worshipped by the people of Çatalhöyük. Cybele List of Stone Age art Venus figurines As noted in Hugh Honour and John Fleming, A World
Seated_Woman_of_Çatalhöyük
Archaeological industry of the European Upper Paleolithic
flintknapping. Knapping was done using antler batons, hardwood batons and soft stone hammers. This method permitted the working of delicate slivers of flint
Solutrean
Type of earth shelter with ancient origins
Oerlinghausen Archaeological Open Air Museum, and the Hochdorf Chieftain's Grave. They compare with the Swedish Backstuga that were very poor people’s homes
Pit-house
Middle Eastern Neolithic culture
PPNA settlements are characterized by round, semi-subterranean houses with stone foundations and terrazzo-floors. The upper walls were constructed of unbaked
Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_A
Earth blocks for construction
tomb Mummy Passage grave Rectangular dolmen Ring cairn Simple dolmen Stone box grave Tor cairn Unchambered long cairn Other cultural Archaeoastronomy sites
Mudbrick
Anthropomorphic stone stelae within the perimeter of a tumulus
from stone tiled kurgans (Central Kazakhstan). Nomads (in Russian). Vol. 1. Pavlodar EKO. ISBN 978-9965-635-21-2. Kazakevich, V.A. (1930). Grave statues
Kurgan_stelae
Archaeological industry of the European Upper Paleolithic
offerings and/or personal ornaments owned by the deceased, placed within the grave or tomb. Surviving Gravettian art includes numerous cave paintings and small
Gravettian
Original agricultural crops
tomb Mummy Passage grave Rectangular dolmen Ring cairn Simple dolmen Stone box grave Tor cairn Unchambered long cairn Other cultural Archaeoastronomy sites
Founder_crops
Dwelling
an open shelter Dry stone huts Clochán – Irish dry stone hut Mitato – a small, dry stone hut in Greece Orri – a French dry stone and sod hut Sheiling
Hut
Crops native to the New World
tomb Mummy Passage grave Rectangular dolmen Ring cairn Simple dolmen Stone box grave Tor cairn Unchambered long cairn Other cultural Archaeoastronomy sites
New_World_crops
Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic cultures
Magdalenian Girl Swimming Reindeer Art of the Upper Paleolithic List of Stone Age art Haplogroup I-M170 Younger Dryas Montgaudier Cave Lefebvre, A.; Pétillon
Magdalenian
Upper Paleolithic culture of Europe
Black Sea, approximately 600 kilometers away (Hahn 1971). Small amounts of stone or fossils in Aurignacian sites of Moravia, southern Germany and the Rhineland
Aurignacian
Afro-Eurasian Middle Paleolithic culture
The Mousterian (or Mode III) is an archaeological industry of stone tools, associated primarily with the Neanderthals in Europe and with the earliest
Mousterian
Archaeological site in the United States
returned a date of 1214. Burials at the site were of a type known as stone box graves. Jones opened up at least 50 examples during his investigations. In
Old Town (Franklin, Tennessee)
Old_Town_(Franklin,_Tennessee)
Oldest form of prehistoric art
antiquity.ac.uk. Vanhaeren, Marian; d'Errico, Francesco (June 2005). "Grave goods from the Saint-Germain-la-Rivière burial: Evidence for social inequality
Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic
Tool to give more leverage when throwing a spear-like projectile
improvements such as thong loops to fit the fingers, the use of flexible shafts or stone balance weights. Dart shafts can be made thinner and highly flexible for
Spear-thrower
Fossil site in San Diego County, California
the Americas requires the presence of unequivocal stone artefacts. There are no unequivocal stone tools associated with the bones... this site is likely
Cerutti_Mastodon_site
Agricultural technique of Indigenous people in the Americas
she wished for her body to sustain the people or Sky Woman sowed on her grave the seeds she had brought when she fell to Earth, but never planted before
Three_Sisters_(agriculture)
Type of Bronze Age chamber tomb
corbelled passage grave with a single burial chamber linked to the entrance by a short passage and covered with a cairn of stones, with the entrances
Clava_cairn
Distinctive type of stone knapping technique used by ancient humans
type of stone knapping developed around 250,000 to 400,000 years ago during the Middle Palaeolithic period. It is part of the Mousterian stone tool industry
Levallois_technique
Archaeological culture associated with Homo erectus
acheuléen after the type site of Saint-Acheul, is an archaeological industry of stone tool manufacture characterized by the distinctive oval and pear-shaped "hand
Acheulean
Set of ten wooden weapons from the Palaeolithic Age
hunting weapons yet discovered and were found together with animal bones and stone and bone tools. Being used by the oldest known group of human hunters, they
Schöningen_spears
Petrospheres from late Neolithic Scotland
Carved stone balls are petrospheres dated from the Late Neolithic, to possibly as late as the Iron Age, mainly found in Scotland, but also elsewhere in
Carved_stone_balls
Object that reflects an image
manufacturing mirrors out of a variety of materials for thousands of years, like stone, metals, and glass. In modern mirrors, metals like silver or aluminium are
Mirror
engravings represent lunar cycles. Wurdi Youang, a stone arrangement with possible solar alignments Stone structures at Lake Tyers traditionally used as an
List of archaeoastronomical sites by country
List_of_archaeoastronomical_sites_by_country
Implement used for water-borne propulsion
tomb Mummy Passage grave Rectangular dolmen Ring cairn Simple dolmen Stone box grave Tor cairn Unchambered long cairn Other cultural Archaeoastronomy sites
Oar
Prehistoric culture in modern Russia
graves found are shallow pits for single individuals, but two or three individuals might be placed there. Some of the graves are covered with a stone
Samara_culture
Old Stone Age musical instruments
tomb Mummy Passage grave Rectangular dolmen Ring cairn Simple dolmen Stone box grave Tor cairn Unchambered long cairn Other cultural Archaeoastronomy sites
Paleolithic_flute
Earlier part of the Neolithic period in Southwest Asia
Mehrgarh and many Mesopotamian sites. The postures of the skeletal remains in graves at Mehrgarh bear a strong resemblance to those at Ali Kosh in the Zagros
Pre-Pottery_Neolithic
Mythological serpent found in the mythology of many cultures
Val Camonica. A bronze statuette called the God of Étang-sur-Arroux and a stone sculpture from Sommerécourt depict Cernunnos' body encircled by two horned
Horned_Serpent
Act of shaping stone materials
Stone carving is an activity where pieces of rough natural stone are shaped by the controlled removal of stone. Owing to the permanence of the material
Stone_carving
Stele or marker, usually stone, placed over a grave
made of stone, that is placed over a grave. A marker set at the head of the grave may be called a headstone. An especially old or elaborate stone slab may
Gravestone
Peoples who forage or hunt for most or all of their food
nets, hooks, and bone harpoons. Archaeologists can use evidence such as stone tool use to track hunter-gatherer activities, including mobility. Some hunter-gatherer
Hunter-gatherer
Religions thought to have appeared during the Paleolithic time period
ochre and wearing seashell, tooth, and bone ornaments. The grave goods appear as various stone tools. The man in the middle was lying on a "pillow" of bison
Paleolithic_religion
Period in Levantine history
that would not be often called Epipalaeolithic today. This left stone-lined pit graves containing implements of bone, such as harpoon and javelin heads
Epipalaeolithic
Neolithic culture in upper Mesopotamia and the Levant c. 8800–6500 BC
experts in crafting beautiful and highly sophisticated containers from stone, using materials such as alabaster or granite, and employing sand to shape
Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B
Form of prehistoric art
megaliths such as the slab cists of the Food Vessel culture, some stone circles and passage graves such as the clava tombs and on the capstones at Newgrange.
Cup_and_ring_mark
back to 3,200 BC. Prehistory covers the time from the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) to the beginning of ancient history. All dates are approximate and
Timeline_of_prehistory
Relationship between language and human evolution
the stone tool technology of hominins changed very little. Klein, who has worked extensively on ancient stone tools, describes the crude stone tool kit
Origin_of_language
Archaeological site in southwestern Illinois, US
arrowheads in a variety of different styles and materials was found near the grave of this important man. Separated into four types, each from a different
Cahokia
Ring of standing stones
A stone circle is a ring of megalithic standing stones. Most are found in Northwestern Europe – especially Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany
Stone_circle
Tool created from bone
material. Long bone fragments can be shaped, by scraping against an abrasive stone, into such items as arrow and spear points, needles, awls, and fish hooks
Bone_tool
Neolithic archaeological site in Balochistan, Pakistan
those areas. One ground stone axe was discovered in a burial, and several more were obtained from the surface. These ground stone axes are the earliest
Mehrgarh
Type of chamber tomb found in Ireland and Scotland
grave. During the period, 3900–3500 BC, more than 390 court cairns were built in Ireland and over 100 in southwest Scotland. The Neolithic (New Stone
Court_cairn
Transition of human species to anthropologically modern behavior
000–75,000 years ago and possibly earlier), namely in the African Middle Stone Age. Anthropologists Sally McBrearty and Alison S. Brooks have been notable
Behavioral_modernity
Caves in France containing Paleolithic paintings
Where the rock surface is softer, some designs have been incised into the stone. Many images are too faint to discern, and others have deteriorated entirely
Lascaux
Archaeological culture
The Oldowan (or Mode I) was a widespread stone tool archaeological industry during the early Lower Paleolithic spanning the late Pliocene and the first
Oldowan
Stone tool
Microlith A microlith is a small stone tool usually made of flint or chert and typically several centimeters in length and half a centimetre wide. They
Microlith
Stone age tool
French burin, meaning "cold chisel" or modern engraving burin) is a type of stone tool, a handheld lithic flake with a chisel-like edge which prehistoric
Burin_(lithic_flake)
Indigenous folk monster
folklore. Also styled "underwater manidoog". Conway, Thor (2010). Spirits in Stone. Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario: Heritage Discoveries. Kohl, Johann (1859). Kitchi-Gami:
Underwater_panther
Ancient causeway in the Somerset Levels, England
in some areas thicker clay spreads accommodated hearths built of clay or stone. The track was discovered in 1970 during peat excavations and is named after
Sweet_Track
Disputed oldest known musical instrument
Mousterian level containing the flute was below an Aurignacian level containing stone artefacts and osseous points of anatomically modern humans, separated by
Divje_Babe_flute
16th-century Mississippian chief in present-day Alabama
Horn Sacred bundle Village bundle Southeastern Ceremonial Complex Stone box grave Thunderbird Underwater panther Related topics Chevron bead Clarksdale
Tuskaloosa
Ancient production techniques
techniques used to produce usable tools from various types of stone. The earliest stone tools to date have been found at the site of Lomekwi 3 (LOM3)
Lithic_technology
Paleolithic period began with the first human occupation of the region. Stone tools discovered at Lézignan-la-Cèbe indicate that early humans were present
Prehistory_of_France
Room used by Puebloans for religious rituals and political meetings
turn supported an estimated 95-ton roof. Each pillar rested on four shaped-stone disks, weighing about 355 pounds [160 kg] apiece. These discs are of limestone
Kiva
whereabouts are currently unknown. The Rogan plates were discovered in a stone box grave within Mound C at the Etowah site by John P. Rogan in the 1880s. Several
Mississippian_copper_plates
Type of Neolithic monument
three-stone dolmen. During the first half of the 1st millennium BCE, many British long barrows saw renewed human activity. At Julliberrie's Grave in Kent
Long_barrow
Neolithic archaeological site near Aksaray, Turkey
that the burials have been primary. The graves contain either single or double burials. On one occasion two graves were found under the floor of room AB
Aşıklı_Höyük
Human-made markings on natural stone
refers to human-made markings placed on natural surfaces, typically vertical stone surfaces. A high proportion of surviving historic and prehistoric rock art
Rock_art
Mississippian copper plate collection
are very similar to one another. They were discovered in 1885 in a stone box grave by John P. Rogan during excavations of Mound C at the Etowah near Cartersville
Etowah_plates
Prehistoric stone tool
lithic flakes from a lump of tool stone during the process of lithic reduction. The hammerstone is a rather universal stone tool which appeared early in most
Hammerstone
Largest Pre-Columbian earthwork in the Americas
wooden structure on the summit. Unlike Egyptian pyramids which were built of stone, the platform mound was constructed almost entirely of layers of basket-transported
Monks_Mound
Throwing weapon
throwing stick was also one of the first weapons used by European stone age people to hunt. Stone carvings in Brittany, France have been found depicting throwing
Throwing_stick
Archaeological site in Georgia, US
site was owned by Captain John H. Nichols, who reported plowing up stone box graves to the west of the mound. (These are now known to be typical artifacts
Nacoochee_Mound
Late Bronze Age artefact made of thin gold leaf
tomb Mummy Passage grave Rectangular dolmen Ring cairn Simple dolmen Stone box grave Tor cairn Unchambered long cairn Other cultural Archaeoastronomy sites
Berlin_Gold_Hat
Archaeological site in Armenia
use in funerary or sacrificial rituals. Drinking cups found near these graves further support the site's ritual significance. The cave was abandoned after
Areni-1_winery
Prehistoric tool
is a long, thin, prehistoric, stone or bronze tool similar to an adze, hoe, or ax. A shoe-last celt was a polished stone tool used during the early European
Celt_(tool)
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STONE BOX-GRAVE
STONE BOX-GRAVE
STONE BOX-GRAVE
STONE BOX-GRAVE
STONE BOX-GRAVE
STONE BOX-GRAVE
STONE BOX-GRAVE
STONE BOX-GRAVE
STONE BOX-GRAVE
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