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Acid that is insoluble in the reaction medium
Solid acids are acids that are insoluble in the reaction medium. They are often used as heterogeneous catalysts. Many solid acids are zeolites. A variety
Solid_acid
Chemical reaction
catalysed by "solid acids". Solid acids do not dissolve in the reaction medium. Well known examples include these oxides, which function as Lewis acids: silico-aluminates
Acid_catalysis
Solid acid fuel cells (SAFCs) are a class of fuel cells characterized by the use of a solid acid material as the electrolyte. Similar to proton exchange
Solid_acid_fuel_cell
Device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity
is the use of an acidic electrolyte. This increases the corrosion or oxidation of components exposed to phosphoric acid. Solid acid fuel cells (SAFCs)
Fuel_cell
Chemical compound used in medicines and industry
Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula C7H6O3. A colorless (or white), bitter-tasting solid, it is a precursor to and a metabolite of
Salicylic_acid
Chemical compound (PO(OH)3)
Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic
Phosphoric_acid
Chemical compound
para-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA, pTSA, or pTsOH) or tosylic acid (TsOH) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO3H. It is a white extremely hygroscopic solid that
P-Toluenesulfonic_acid
Organic compound (C6H5OH)
carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile
Phenol
Chemical compound
Glycolic acid (or hydroxyacetic acid; chemical formula HOCH2CO2H) is a colorless, odorless and hygroscopic crystalline solid that is highly soluble in
Glycolic_acid
Chemical compound
ca. 20 ms at 37 °C. Solid anhydrous carbonic acid has also been isolated. The interconversion of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid is related to the breathing
Carbonic_acid
Chemical compound giving a proton or accepting an electron pair
show, acids (in the colloquial sense) can be solutions or pure substances, and can be derived from acids (in the strict sense) that are solids, liquids
Acid
Component of a petroleum refinery
the acid is produced at very few locations and transportation is stringently managed and regulated. [citation needed] Research in the area of a solid catalyst
Alkylation_unit
Production of peptides
addition of amino acids while the growing peptide chain is attached to a macroscopically insoluble solvent-swollen beaded resin support. The solid support consists
Peptide_synthesis
Chemical compound
Silica sulfuric acid (SiO 2-OSO 3H 2, SSA), a solid acid, is prepared by soaking silica gel with sulfuric acid. SSA is used as a catalyst in different
Silica_sulfuric_acid
Type of chemical substance
crystalline solids. Hence it was the substance that neutralized the acid which supposedly destroyed the volatility or spirit of the acid and which imparted
Base_(chemistry)
Extremely strong acid
titanium and zirconium or specially treated alumina or zeolites. The solid acids are used for alkylating benzene with ethene and propene as well as difficult
Superacid
Fictional character from the Metal Gear series
promotional art like he did with the original Metal Gear Solid. In the second of these titles, Metal Gear Acid, Snake must retrieve "Pythagoras" from the Lobito
Solid_Snake
Organic compound
Fumaric acid or trans-butenedioic acid is an organic compound with the formula HO2CCH=CHCO2H. A white solid, fumaric acid occurs widely in nature. It
Fumaric_acid
Simplest dicarboxylic acid. (COOH)2
acid. It is a white crystalline solid that forms a colorless solution in water. Its name is derived from early investigators who isolated oxalic acid
Oxalic_acid
Chemical compound
replaced by chlorine atoms. It is a colorless solid that dissolves in water. Salts and esters of trichloroacetic acid are called trichloroacetates. It is prepared
Trichloroacetic_acid
Chemical compound
Levulinic acid, or 4-oxopentanoic acid, is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2CH2CO2H. It is classified as a keto acid. This white crystalline
Levulinic_acid
Acetic acid bearing an aldehyde group
the C2 carboxylic acids. It is a colourless solid that occurs naturally and is useful industrially. The structure of glyoxylic acid is shown as having
Glyoxylic_acid
Chemical compound
chloric acid" in the mid-1810s. French pharmacist Georges-Simon Serullas introduced the modern designation along with discovering its solid monohydrate
Perchloric_acid
Powerful oxidizing agent
Peroxymonosulfuric acid, also known as persulfuric acid, peroxysulfuric acid is the inorganic compound with the formula H2SO5. It is a white solid. It is a component
Peroxymonosulfuric_acid
Chemical compound
medium-chain fatty acid. It is a bright white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap. The salts and esters of lauric acid are known as laurates
Lauric_acid
Chemical compound
Behenic acid (also docosanoic acid) is a carboxylic acid, the saturated fatty acid with formula C21H43COOH. In appearance, it consists of white solid although
Behenic_acid
Chemical compound
Ascorbic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H8O6, originally called hexuronic acid. It is a white solid, but impure samples can appear yellowish
Chemistry_of_ascorbic_acid
Chemical compound
simplest of the chloroacetic acids. This colorless solid is a useful building block in organic synthesis. Chloroacetic acid was first prepared (in impure
Chloroacetic_acid
Chemical compound
Phenylacetic acid (conjugate base phenylacetate) is an organic compound containing a phenyl functional group and a carboxylic acid functional group. It
Phenylacetic_acid
Eighteen-carbon straight-chain fatty acid
soft waxy solid with the formula CH3(CH2)16COOH. The triglyceride derived from three molecules of stearic acid is called stearin. Stearic acid is a prevalent
Stearic_acid
Transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another
Brønsted acids are used when alkylating with olefins. Typical catalysts are zeolites, i.e. solid acid catalysts, and sulfuric acid. Silicotungstic acid is used
Alkylation
Chemical compound
Mandelic acid is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) with the molecular formula C6H5CH(OH)CO2H. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water
Mandelic_acid
Chemical reaction involving organic compounds
doi:10.15227/orgsyn.033.0072. Marakatti, Vijaykumar S. (2015). "Design of solid acid catalysts for prins reaction and toluene methylation". INFLIBNET. hdl:10603/47651
Prins_reaction
Chemical compound
Classified as a phenolic phytochemical, ferulic acid is an amber colored solid. Esters of ferulic acid are found in plant cell walls, covalently bonded
Ferulic_acid
Chemical compound
non-toxic white solid that is soluble in water and several organic solvents. It plays several roles in biology. Upon heating, itaconic acid converts to its
Itaconic_acid
Organic compounds made of alkyl/aryl groups bound to oxygen (R–O–R')
(TAME), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), and ethyl tert-amyl ether (TAEE). Solid acid catalysts are typically used to promote this reaction. Epoxides are typically
Ether
Chemical compound
Gluconic acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4CO2H. A white solid, it forms the gluconate
Gluconic_acid
1998 video game
Metal Gear Solid is a 1998 action-adventure stealth game developed and published by Konami for the PlayStation. Directed, produced, and written by Hideo
Metal_Gear_Solid_(video_game)
Solution of hydrogen fluoride in water
prepared from hydrofluoric acid. Foremost are Na3AlF6, cryolite, and AlF3, aluminium trifluoride. A molten mixture of these solids serves as a high-temperature
Hydrofluoric_acid
Chemical compound
p-Toluic acid (4-methylbenzoic acid) is a substituted benzoic acid with the formula CH3C6H4CO2H. It is a white solid that is poorly soluble in water but
P-Toluic_acid
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
plants. It is a white solid, although samples are typically brown owing to partial oxidation. Salts and esters of gallic acid are termed "gallates".
Gallic_acid
Video game franchise
"Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistance Reviews". Metacritic. Archived from the original on August 25, 2015. Retrieved September 8, 2015. "Metal Gear Acid Reviews"
Metal_Gear
DTPA: aminopolycarboxylic acid
Pentetic acid or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) is an aminopolycarboxylic acid consisting of a diethylenetriamine backbone with five carboxymethyl
Pentetic_acid
Chemical compound
trees. Pure abietic acid is a colorless solid, but commercial samples are usually a glassy or partly crystalline yellowish solid that melts at temperatures
Abietic_acid
Chemical compound
acid and an amine. As a result of containing both acidic and basic functional groups, the compound is amphoteric. Anthranilic acid is a white solid when
Anthranilic_acid
Chemical compound
Isophthalic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO2H)2. It is a white solid that is very poorly soluble in water (0.012 g/100 mL at room
Isophthalic_acid
Chemical compound
acid or other acids. With the purpose to avoid toxic effluents, an effort to substitute sulfuric acid with easily separable and reusable solid acid catalysts
Furfural
Ethiopian-American chemist
1966) is an Ethiopian-American chemist, known for developing the first solid acid fuel cells. She is a professor of materials science and engineering at
Sossina_M._Haile
Kitchen utensil
a way that is easy to operate. Lemon squeezers can be made from any solid, acid-resistant material, such as plastic, glass, metal (usually aluminium)
Lemon_squeezer
Chemical compound
Sulfamic acid, also known as amidosulfonic acid, amidosulfuric acid, aminosulfonic acid, sulphamic acid and sulfamidic acid, is a molecular compound with
Sulfamic_acid
Chemical compound
acid (EDTA), also called EDTA acid, is an aminopolycarboxylic acid with the formula [CH2N(CH2CO2H)2]2. This white, slightly water-soluble solid is
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic_acid
State of matter
Solid is a state of matter in which atoms are closely packed and are difficult to move past each other. Solids resist compression, expansion, or external
Solid
Amorphous volcanic glass
(2019). "Immobilization of Lewis acidic ionic liquid on perlite nanoparticle surfaces as a highly efficient solid acid catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis
Perlite
Chemical compound (H2SO4)
acid has a vapor pressure of <1 mmHg at 40 °C. In the solid state, sulfuric acid is a molecular solid that forms monoclinic crystals with nearly trigonal
Sulfuric_acid
Chemical theory about acids and bases
The Brønsted–Lowry theory (also called proton theory of acids and bases) is an acid–base reaction theory, developed independently in 1923 by physical
Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory
Brønsted–Lowry_acid–base_theory
Type of lead-acid battery
A valve regulated lead‐acid (VRLA) battery, commonly known as a sealed lead-acid (SLA) battery, is a type of lead-acid battery characterized by a limited
VRLA_battery
Chemical compound
industrially by isomerization of the more common alpha-pinene using a solid acid catalyst such as titanium dioxide. Camphene is used in the preparation
Camphene
Chemical compound
Suberic acid, also octanedioic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid, with formula C8H14O4. It is a colorless crystalline solid used in drug syntheses and plastics
Suberic_acid
2001 video game
Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty is a 2001 action-adventure stealth game developed and published by Konami for the PlayStation 2. Directed, produced
Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty
Metal_Gear_Solid_2:_Sons_of_Liberty
Chemical compound
acid or hydrocinnamic acid is a carboxylic acid with the formula C9H10O2 belonging to the class of phenylpropanoids. It is a white, crystalline solid
Phenylpropanoic_acid
Type of saturated hydrocarbon compound
The catalytic cracking process involves the presence of acid catalysts (usually solid acids such as silica-alumina and zeolites), which promote a heterolytic
Alkane
Chemical compound
Benzenesulfonic acid (conjugate base benzenesulfonate) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C6H6O3S. It is the simplest aromatic sulfonic acid. It forms
Benzenesulfonic_acid
Chemical compound
gas-phase ketonic decarboxylation of phenylacetic acid using acetic acid over a ceria-alumina solid acid catalyst. A related laboratory-scale reaction has
Phenylacetone
Chemical compound
(WO3·1/2 H2O) are known. Molecular species akin to sulfuric acid, i.e. (HO)2WO2 are not observed. The solid-state structure of WO3·H2O consists of layers of octahedrally
Tungstic_acid
Organic compound with two –COOH groups
dicarboxylic acids show similar chemical behavior and reactivity to monocarboxylic acids. Dicarboxylic acids are usually colorless solids. A wide variety
Dicarboxylic_acid
Group of chemical compounds
sulfonates. Another method entails methylation of phenol with methanol over a solid acid catalyst, often comprising magnesium oxide or alumina. Temperatures above
Cresol
Chemical compound involving ionic bonding
salts. Examples of zwitterions are amino acids, many metabolites, peptides, and proteins. Bonding in solids Bresle method (the method used to test for
Salt_(chemistry)
Aromatic hydrocarbon
of methods. For example, benzene reacts with methanol in presence of a solid acid to give toluene and water: C 6 H 6 + CH 3 OH → t o C 6 H 5 CH 3 + H 2
Toluene
Chemical compound
Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) is the aminopolycarboxylic acid with the formula N(CH2CO2H)3. It is a colourless solid. Its conjugate base nitrilotriacetate
Nitrilotriacetic_acid
Chemical compound
Pivalic acid is a carboxylic acid with a molecular formula of (CH3)3CCO2H. This colourless, odoriferous organic compound is solid at room temperature
Pivalic_acid
Cyclic chemical compound, (CH2)4O
of a solid acid catalyst, THF reacts with hydrogen sulfide to give tetrahydrothiophene. THF is a Lewis base that bonds to a variety of Lewis acids such
Tetrahydrofuran
Chemical compound
with isobutylene catalysed by a strong acid. These acids can be either liquids like triflic acid, or solid acids such as zeolites. The isobutylene can
2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol
Chemical compound
benzenetricarboxylic acid, trimellitic acid is a colorless solid. It is prepared by oxidation of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. Hemimellitic acid (benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic
Trimellitic_acid
Weak acid with formula H3BO3
Boric acid, more specifically orthoboric acid, is a compound of boron, oxygen, and hydrogen with formula B(OH)3. It may also be called hydrogen orthoborate
Boric_acid
Chemical acid found in vinegar
acetic acid" is a name for water-free (anhydrous) acetic acid. Similar to the German name "Eisessig" ("ice vinegar"), the name comes from the solid ice-like
Acetic_acid
Chemical compound
acid. It is a white solid. It is produced by oxidation of glycerol: HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH + 2 O2 → HO2CCH(OH)CO2H + 2 H2O Glyceric acid HOCH2CH(OH)CO2H is an
Tartronic_acid
Microporous, aluminosilicate mineral group
natural zeolites, and are used as solid acid catalysts. The high silica zeolites especially are sufficiently acidic to protonate hydrocarbons. These are
Zeolite
Chemical used in plastics, xenoestrogen
catalyzed by a strong acid, such as concentrated hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or a solid acid resin such as the sulfonic acid form of polystyrene sulfonate
Bisphenol_A
Chemical compound
Bromoacetic acid is a chemical compound with the formula BrCH2CO2H. This colorless solid is a relatively strong alkylating agent. Bromoacetic acid and its
Bromoacetic_acid
Chemical compound
Terephthalic acid is an organic compound with the chemical structure C6H4(CO2H)2 and chemical formula C8H6O4. This white solid is a commodity chemical
Terephthalic_acid
Chemical compound
Isethionic acid is an organosulfur compound containing an alkylsulfonic acid located beta to a hydroxy group. Its discovery is generally attributed to
Isethionic_acid
Chemical compound
benzenetricarboxylic acid. A colorless solid, trimesic acid has some commercial value as a precursor to some plasticizers. Trimesic acid can be combined with
Trimesic_acid
Mass of one equivalent
a solid acid which will react with about 20 cm3 of this solution (for a titration using a 25 cm3 burette): suitable solid acids include oxalic acid dihydrate
Equivalent_weight
Chemical compound
methods. Cyclohexene oxide can be polymerized in solution, catalyzed by a solid acid catalyst. Record of Epoxycyclohexane in the GESTIS Substance Database
Cyclohexene_oxide
sometimes broken into their own class of protonic ceramic fuel cells termed "solid acid fuel cells". Some PCFCs operate at high enough temperatures that fuels
Protonic_ceramic_fuel_cell
Rain that is unusually acidic
Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). Most water
Acid_rain
Chemical compound
4-Chlorobenzoic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula ClC6H4CO2H. It is a white solid that is soluble in some organic solvents and in
4-Chlorobenzoic_acid
Chemical compound
cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. It is a colorless solid that can be extracted from plant sources. Quinic acid is present in many plants as a caffeoylquinic acid, which are
Quinic_acid
Chemical compound
solid that is slightly soluble in water and chloroform but more soluble in polar organic solvents such as alcohols and acetone. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid
4-Hydroxybenzoic_acid
Chemical compound
Hypophosphoric acid is a mineral acid with the formula H4P2O6, with phosphorus in a formal oxidation state of +4. In the solid state it is present as
Hypophosphoric_acid
Organic acid
Lactic acid is an organic acid with the molecular formula C3H6O3. In its solid state, it is white and in its liquid state is miscible with water. When
Lactic_acid
Highly corrosive mineral acid
as "concentrated nitric acid". The azeotrope of nitric acid and water is a colourless liquid at room temperature. Two solid hydrates are known: the monohydrate
Nitric_acid
Heterocyclic organic compound,
prepared industrially by treating furan with ammonia in the presence of solid acid catalysts, such as SiO2 and Al2O3. Furan is found in heat-treated commercial
Furan
Pyridine-2-carboxylic acid; bidentate chelating agent
of nicotinic acid and isonicotinic acid, which have the carboxyl side chain at the 3- and 4-positions, respectively. It is a white solid although impure
Picolinic_acid
Quiet in Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain. A special Sniper Wolf character card appears in the non-canon spin-off game Metal Gear Acid 2 (2005). Other
Characters of the Metal Gear series
Characters_of_the_Metal_Gear_series
Chemical compound
tetrahydrate are known. Both are orange-yellow solids consisting of the planar [AuCl4]− anion. Often, chloroauric acid is handled as a solution, such as those
Chloroauric_acid
Chemical compound
colorless solid. Its biosynthesis starts from lysine. CRYM, a taxon-specific protein that also binds thyroid hormones, is involved in the pipecolic acid pathway
Pipecolic_acid
Chemical compound
2-Chlorobenzoic acid is an organic compound with the formula ClC6H4CO2H. It is one of three isomeric chlorobenzoic acids, the one that is the strongest acid. This
2-Chlorobenzoic_acid
Corrosive liquid of excess sulfur trioxide in solution
empirical formula H2S2O7 for disulfuric (pyrosulfuric) acid is obtained. Pure disulfuric acid is a solid at room temperature, melting at 36 °C and rarely used
Oleum
Chemical compound
anhydrous acid as a crystalline solid, the resulting solution is evaporated at temperatures below 140 °C (413 K; 284 °F) in a vacuum. Like sulfuric acid, selenic
Selenic_acid
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