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Biological gene-regulation phenomenon
contrast to RNA interference (RNAi) to describe such gene activation phenomenon. dsRNAs that trigger RNAa have been termed small activating RNA (saRNA). Unlike
RNA_activation
Type of RNA that activates transcription of specific genes
Small activating RNAs (saRNAs) are small double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that target gene promoters to induce transcriptional gene activation in a process
Small_activating_RNA
Biomolecule
Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of double-stranded non-coding RNA molecules, typically
Small_interfering_RNA
Medications based on ribonucleic acids
use of both small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro RNA (miRNA) to prevent mRNA translation and/or degrade mRNA. Small activating RNA (saRNA) represents
RNA_therapeutics
Biological molecule
In molecular biology, trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA) is a small trans-encoded RNA. It was first discovered by Emmanuelle Charpentier in her study
Trans-activating_crRNA
Indian-American academic scientist
classical RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism of gene silencing. They coined the terms “RNA activation (RNAa)” and “small activating RNA (saRNA)”, establishing
Rajvir_Dahiya
Small non-coding ribonucleic acid molecule
Micro ribonucleic acid (microRNA, miRNA, μRNA) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules containing 21–23 nucleotides. Found in plants, animals
MicroRNA
RNA molecule that specifies a target sequence
Guide RNA (gRNA) or single guide RNA (sgRNA) is a short sequence of RNA that guides a CRISPR-associated protein to its nucleic acid sequence target by
Guide_RNA
Structure in lactic-acid bacterium RNA
sRNA was shown to interact with the 5'UTR of the mga transcript (the multiple virulence gene regulator gene) and was renamed MarS for mag-activating regulatory
Asd_RNA_motif
Process of attaching Amino acids to their tRNA
acid activation (also known as aminoacylation or tRNA charging) refers to the attachment of an amino acid to its respective transfer RNA (tRNA). The
Amino_acid_activation
RNA family
NrsZ (nitrogen regulated small RNA) is a bacterial small RNA found in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Its transcription is induced
NrsZ_small_RNA
Family of large biological molecules
transfer RNA (tRNA), microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA)
RNA
Bacterial small RNAs are small RNAs produced by bacteria; they are 50- to 500-nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules, highly structured and containing several
Bacterial_small_RNA
Type of CRISPR tool
Guide RNA, CRISPR A small guide RNA (sgRNA), or gRNA is an RNA with around 20 nucleotides used to direct Cas9 or dCas9 to their targets. gRNAs contain
CRISPR_activation
Class of ribonucleic acid that is not translated into proteins
an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-coding RNAs include transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as small RNAs
Non-coding_RNA
Biological process of gene regulation
ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules, microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), are central to components to the RNAi pathway. Once mRNA is degraded,
RNA_interference
Topics referred to by the same term
Dalarna County, Sweden Small activating RNA (saRNA) Sarna (drug), see List of drugs: S-Sd Self-amplifying RNA (also termed saRNA or SAM) Sarna (place)
Sarna
RNA produced by transcription
ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary
Primary_transcript
Type of RNA
about dsRNA. They form the genetic material of some viruses (double-stranded RNA viruses). dsRNA, such as viral RNA or siRNA, can trigger RNA interference
Double-stranded_RNA
Microbial protein found in Streptococcus pyogenes M1 GAS
endonuclease that requires a guide RNA composed of two distinct RNA molecules: CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA). In 2013, Mali, et al. and
Cas9
A small conditional RNA (scRNA) is a small RNA molecule or complex (typically less than approximately 100 nt) engineered to interact and change conformation
Small_conditional_RNA
Non-coding RNA involved in alternative splicing
The U11 snRNA (small nuclear ribonucleic acid) is an important non-coding RNA in the minor spliceosome protein complex, which activates the alternative
U11_spliceosomal_RNA
Type of non-coding RNA molecule
Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) represent a class of relatively long non-coding RNA molecules (50–2000 nucleotides) transcribed from the DNA sequence of enhancer
Enhancer_RNA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
snRNA-activating protein complex subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNAPC1 gene. SNAPC1 has been shown to interact with SNAPC4, SNAPC3
SNAPC1
Hypothetical stage in the early evolutionary history of life on Earth
The RNA world is a hypothetical stage in the evolutionary history of life on Earth in which self-replicating RNA molecules proliferated before the evolution
RNA_world
Largest class of small non-coding RNA molecules in animals
Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) is the largest class of small non-coding RNA molecules expressed in animal cells. piRNAs form RNA-protein complexes through
Piwi-interacting_RNA
Multiprotein complex
levels. Using single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) fragments, such as microRNA (miRNA), or double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA), the complex functions as
RNA-induced_silencing_complex
RNA component of the ribosome, essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms
Ribosomal RNA is transcribed from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and then bound to ribosomal proteins to form small and large ribosome subunits. rRNA is the physical
Ribosomal_RNA
Process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
in the illustration). An activated enhancer begins transcription of its RNA before activating transcription of messenger RNA from its target gene. Transcription
Transcription_(biology)
Non-protein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides
ncRNAs from small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs)
Long_non-coding_RNA
Enzyme that transcribes DNA to small RNAs
cells, RNA polymerase III (also called Pol III) is a protein that transcribes DNA to synthesize 5S ribosomal RNA, tRNA, and other small RNAs. The genes
RNA_polymerase_III
Egyptian professor of surgery
resection'. MiNA Therapeutics, a biotechnology company dealing in small activating RNA technology was co-founded by Habib and his son Robert. He was awarded
Nagy_Habib
cholerae ToxT activated RNAs are small RNAs which are produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. They are regulated by the transcriptional activator ToxT and
Vibrio cholerae ToxT activated RNAs
Vibrio_cholerae_ToxT_activated_RNAs
Gene editing method
requires only a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) for effective targeting, whereas Cas9 necessitates both a crRNA and a trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA). Modified versions
CRISPR_gene_editing
Concept in chemistry and biology
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS), and requires a molecule of ATP. The amino acid bound to the tRNA is called an aminoacyl-tRNA, and is considered the activated molecule
Activation
RNA that is read by the ribosome to produce a protein
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in
Messenger_RNA
Region of DNA encouraging transcription
illustration). An activated enhancer begins transcription of its RNA before activating a promoter to initiate transcription of messenger RNA from its target
Promoter_(genetics)
(tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and small interfering RNA (siRNA); other non-coding RNAs (sometimes described as "junk RNA") have no known
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(M–Z)
RNA sequences
Antisense small RNAs (abbreviated anti small RNA or anti-sRNA) are short RNA sequences (about 50-500 nucleotides long) that are complementary to other small RNA
Anti_small_RNA
for the different types of RNA are listed and explained. List of cis-regulatory RNA elements RNA: Types of RNA Non-coding RNA Gribaldo S, Brochier-Armanet
List_of_RNAs
Database of protein targets in drug design
mainly include antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs, small activating RNA, microRNAs, mRNAs and so on Cell therapy: inject, graft or implant
Therapeutic_Targets_Database
Protein-coding gene in humans
snRNA-activating protein complex subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNAPC4 gene. SNAPC4 has been shown to interact with SNAPC1, POU2F1
SNAPC4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"The SNAP45 subunit of the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) activating protein complex is required for RNA polymerase II and III snRNA gene transcription and interacts
SNAPC2
tumor cells. In mammals, activating phosphorylation by CAK can only occur once cyclin is bound. In budding yeast, activating phosphorylation by CAK can
CDK-activating_kinase
Enzyme that cleaves double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into short dsRNA fragments
double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and pre-microRNA (pre-miRNA) into short double-stranded RNA fragments called small interfering RNA and microRNA, respectively
Dicer
Macromolecular machine that synthesizes proteins in cells
chains. A ribosome is made up of a large and a small subunit, each consisting of one or more ribosomal RNA molecules and many ribosomal proteins. The ribosomes
Ribosome
Process in molecular biology
RNA splicing is a process in molecular biology where a newly-made precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript is transformed into a mature messenger
RNA_splicing
RNA component
16S ribosomal RNA (or 16S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome (SSU rRNA). It binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence
16S_ribosomal_RNA
Enzyme that synthesizes RNA from an RNA template
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or RNA replicase is an enzyme that catalyzes the replication of RNA from an RNA template. Specifically, it catalyzes
RNA-dependent_RNA_polymerase
RNA family
direction of transcription. It increases the level of rseC mRNA and protein, indirectly activating RpoE. RpoE can promote flagellar gene expression and motility
AsrC_small_RNA
DNA sequence that binds activators to increase the likelihood of gene transcription
in the illustration). An activated enhancer begins transcription of its RNA before activating transcription of messenger RNA from its target gene. There
Enhancer_(genetics)
Molecule that regulates gene expression
operator. RNA polymerase can then begin to transcribe operon genes. By binding to activators. Activators generally bind poorly to activator DNA sequences
Inducer
biology, the FasX small RNA (fibronectin/fibrinogen-binding/haemolytic-activity/streptokinase-regulator-X) is a non-coding small RNA (sRNA) produced by all
FasX_small_RNA
Cellular process of protein synthesis
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. It is the "factory" where amino acids are assembled into proteins. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are small noncoding RNA chains
Translation_(biology)
Transcription is heterocatalytic function of DNA
transcribes small non-coding RNAs, including tRNAs, 5S rRNA, U6 snRNA, SRP RNA, and other stable short RNAs such as ribonuclease P RNA. RNA Polymerases
Eukaryotic_transcription
Smaller subunit of the 70S ribosome found in prokaryote cells
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and 19 proteins. This complex is implicated in the binding of transfer RNA (tRNA) to messenger RNA (mRNA). The small subunit is responsible
Prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit
Prokaryotic_small_ribosomal_subunit
Type of vaccine
An mRNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that uses a copy of a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce an immune response. The vaccine delivers molecules
MRNA_vaccine
Control of DNA to RNA conversion in cells
illustration). An activated enhancer begins transcription of its RNA before activating a promoter to initiate transcription of messenger RNA from its target
Transcriptional_regulation
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
stranded RNA (dsRNA) over 2000nts in length, however it has been shown that whilst MDA5 can detect and bind to cytoplasmic dsRNA, it is also activated by a
MDA5
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
snRNA-activating protein complex subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNAPC3 gene. SNAPC3 has been shown to interact with SNAPC1 and
SNAPC3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
snRNA-activating protein complex subunit 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNAPC5 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000174446 – Ensembl
SNAPC5
Gene silencing by means of RNA
classes of small RNA have currently been identified, namely: small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA). siRNAs act in
RNA_silencing
Conversion of a gene's sequence into a mature gene product or products
non-coding RNAs (e.g., snRNAs, snoRNAs or long non-coding RNAs). RNA polymerase III transcribes 5S rRNA, transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and some small non-coding
Gene_expression
Multiprotein complex involved in transcription in eukaryotes
also has that sort of spline These non-coding activating RNAs have not been mentioned yet in the ncRNA article as of 16 February 2017 This is the +1 nucleosome
Mediator_(coactivator)
Ability of plants to withstand pathogens
intruder and respond by activating antimicrobial defenses in the infected cell and neighboring cells. In some cases, defense-activating signals spread to the
Plant_disease_resistance
Process by which a gene can code for multiple proteins
Alternative splicing, alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single
Alternative_splicing
Process of introducing nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells
only a very small number of these modified nucleotides are present in a typical mRNA molecule, they may help prevent mRNA from activating the innate immune
Transfection
Short length polypeptides
5' UTRs, small genes, or polycistronic mRNAs. Some micropeptide-coding genes were originally mis-annotated as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Given their
Micropeptide
Enzyme found in humans
ribonuclease which, upon activation, destroys all RNA within the cell (both cellular and viral) as well as inhibiting mRNA export. RNase L is an enzyme
Ribonuclease_L
Family of DNA sequences found in prokaryotic organisms
an extra small RNA that is complementary to the repeat sequence, known as a trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA). Transcription of the tracrRNA and the primary
CRISPR
RNA family
U5 snRNA is a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) that participates in RNA splicing as a component of the spliceosome. It forms the U5 snRNP (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein)
U5_spliceosomal_RNA
RNA contained similar nucleobases to DNA, with uracil instead of thymine, and that RNA contained a number of minor nucleobase components, e.g. small amounts
History_of_RNA_biology
Species of virus affecting humans and animals
polymerase cofactor (VP35), (VP40), GP, transcription activator (VP30), VP24, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L). Because of its high fatality rate (up
Zaire_ebolavirus
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
hematopoietic process, which is based on activating other proteins called GATA. As these ones are finally activated, the cell differentiation starts normally
SON_(gene)
Cellular process
activating factor or UAF that associates with TATA-box binding protein and the core factor (CF). Together the two transcription factors allow the RNA
Ribosome_biogenesis
the cell type, and the number of activating or repressing sequences present in the regulatory domain. Activating domains, regulatory domains that promote
Artificial transcription factor
Artificial_transcription_factor
Class of drugs
RNA-targeting small molecules represent a class of small molecules, organic compounds with traditional drug properties (e.g., Lipinski's rule of five)
RNA-targeting small molecule drugs
RNA-targeting_small_molecule_drugs
Genetic modification technique
mRNA transcript (e.g. by small interfering RNA (siRNA)) or RNase-H dependent antisense, or through the blocking of either mRNA translation, pre-mRNA splicing
Gene_knockdown
Single stranded RNA
Antisense RNA (asRNA), also referred to as antisense transcript, natural antisense transcript (NAT) or antisense oligonucleotide, is a single stranded RNA that
Antisense_RNA
RNA family
The U7 small nuclear RNA (U7 snRNA) is an RNA molecule and a component of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (U7 snRNP). The U7 snRNA is required
U7_small_nuclear_RNA
SSU rRNA of the mitochondrial ribosome
Mitochondrially encoded 12S ribosomal RNA (often abbreviated as 12S or 12S rRNA) is the SSU rRNA of the mitochondrial ribosome. In humans, 12S is encoded
MT-RNR1
enhancer, and therefore were named nuclear activating miRNAs (NamiRNAs), such as miR-24-1 and miR-26. These miRNAs loci are enriched with epigenetic markers
NamiRNAs
Mammalian protein found in humans
box RNA helicase that is activated by immunostimulatory RNAs from viruses as well as RNAs of other origins. RIG-I recognizes short double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)
RIG-I
RNA family
bacteria, PinT small RNA is a small regulatory RNA (sRNA) that is activated during stress and virulence conditions. sRNAs base-pair with target mRNAs and modulate
PinT_small_RNA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
IRES-mediated translation, non-stop decay, non-functional 18S ribosomal RNA decay, and frameshifting. RACK1 is positioned at the solvent-exposed surface
Receptor for activated C kinase 1
Receptor_for_activated_C_kinase_1
Type of RNA molecules
(ribonucleic acid enzymes) are RNA molecules that have the ability to catalyze specific biochemical reactions, including RNA splicing in gene expression
Ribozyme
DNA-editing technology
requires only a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) for effective targeting, whereas Cas9 necessitates both a crRNA and a trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA). The programmable
Cas12a
RNA family
molecular biology, the small nucleolar RNA SNORA73 (also called U17/E1 RNA) belongs to the H/ACA class of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). SNORA73 has functions
Small_nucleolar_RNA_SNORA73
Organelle in eukaryotic cells
roles relating to RNA processing, specifically small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and small nuclear RNA (snRNA) maturation, and histone mRNA modification. Similar
Cell_nucleus
Cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates of proteins and RNA occurring in cells under stress
cytosol composed of proteins and RNA that assemble into 0.1–2 μm membraneless organelles when the cell is under stress. The mRNA molecules found in stress granules
Stress_granule
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 1". Kudo M, Sugasawa K, Hori T, Enomoto T, Hanaoka F, Ui M (January 1991). "Human ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1): compensation
UBA1
Molecular process
well as stability of RNAs, and has been linked with human diseases. RNA editing has been observed in some tRNA, rRNA, mRNA, or miRNA molecules of eukaryotes
RNA_editing
Protein complex for mRNA transcription
RNA polymerase II (RNAP II and Pol II) is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of messenger RNA (mRNA) and most small nuclear RNA
RNA_polymerase_II
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
B phosphorylates hSPT5 and RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain independently of cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase". The Journal of Biological
SUPT5H
Small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 is a non-protein coding RNA that in humans is encoded by the SNHG1 gene. This locus represents a small nucleolar RNA host
Small nucleolar RNA host gene 1
Small_nucleolar_RNA_host_gene_1
Type of RNA found in cells
acid (or circRNA) is a type of single-stranded RNA which, unlike linear RNA, forms a covalently closed continuous loop. In circular RNA, the 3' and 5'
Circular_RNA
Small molecule affecting biological activity
subunit of the bacterial RNA polymerase, preventing the transcription of bacterial genes. The term can also be used to describe small molecules that can directly
Effector_(biology)
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
it releases its RNA molecule or molecules, which immediately bind to a protein complex called a dicer that cuts the RNA into smaller pieces. A biochemical
Virus
Order of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses
Nidovirales is an order of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses which infect vertebrates and invertebrates. Host organisms include mammals, birds, reptiles
Nidovirales
DNA changes that regulate human traits
for a spatial and temporal activation of genes in order to produce a proper body structure. In Hox genes, long non-coding RNAs allow for communication between
Epigenetics of human development
Epigenetics_of_human_development
SMALL ACTIVATING-RNA
SMALL ACTIVATING-RNA
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Small.
Boy/Male
Indian
Captivating, Attractive
Boy/Male
German
Power of an Eagle
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim
Captivating
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Captivating.
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon)
English (Devon) : variant of Small.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Sale 1.English : from a short form of a personal name beginning with Sal-, for example Salomon.Swedish (Säll) : nickname from säll ‘happy’, ‘fortunate’, probably a soldier’s name.African : unexplained.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Captivating
Girl/Female
Australian, Hebrew
Captivating
Girl/Female
Tamil
Captivating
Boy/Male
Muslim
Captivating, Attractive
Surname or Lastname
English (East Anglia)
English (East Anglia) : unexplained.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Captivating, Enchanting
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, French, German
Captivating
Girl/Female
Arabic, Indian, Muslim, Punjabi, Sikh
Captivating
Boy/Male
Arabic, German, Indian, Muslim, Turkish
Captivating
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a person of slender build or diminutive stature, from Middle English smal ‘thin’, ‘narrow’.Translation of equivalents in other European languages, such as German Klein and Schmal, French Petit.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the medieval female personal name Mal(le), pet form of Mary (see Marie).Indian (northern states) : Hindu name found in several communities, from Sanskrit malla ‘strongman’, ‘wrestler’.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish and northern English
Scottish and northern English : variant of Small.English : habitational name from a lost place in eastern Sussex named Smeghel, from Old English smēagel ‘burrow’, or from Brooksmarle (now Broxmead) in Sussex (named with Old English brocc ‘badger’ + smēagel).
Girl/Female
Arabic, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Muslim
Captivating
SMALL ACTIVATING-RNA
SMALL ACTIVATING-RNA
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Tungate.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Anunita | அநூநிதா
Courtesy
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Friend
Male
Yiddish
(פִיש×ְקֶע) Variant spelling of Yiddish Fishel, FISHKE means "little fish."
Boy/Male
Australian, German, Latin, Scandinavian
Majestic; Staff of Gods; Meditation Staff
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
King of Kings
Male
Portuguese
Variant spelling of Portuguese Hélder, ÉLDER means "slanting surface."
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : variant spelling of Leeper.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Lucky
Girl/Female
Hindu
Young damsel, A young girl
SMALL ACTIVATING-RNA
SMALL ACTIVATING-RNA
SMALL ACTIVATING-RNA
SMALL ACTIVATING-RNA
SMALL ACTIVATING-RNA
v. t.
To put into a stall or stable; to keep in a stall or stalls; as, to stall an ox.
a.
Having power to captivate or charm; fascinating; as, captivating smiles.
v. t.
To break into small pieces, as ore, for the purpose of separating from rock.
a.
Captivating; alluring.
superl.
Not prolonged in duration; not extended in time; short; as, after a small space.
v. i. & auxiliary.
As an auxiliary, shall indicates a duty or necessity whose obligation is derived from the person speaking; as, you shall go; he shall go; that is, I order or promise your going. It thus ordinarily expresses, in the second and third persons, a command, a threat, or a promise. If the auxillary be emphasized, the command is made more imperative, the promise or that more positive and sure. It is also employed in the language of prophecy; as, "the day shall come when . . . , " since a promise or threat and an authoritative prophecy nearly coincide in significance. In shall with the first person, the necessity of the action is sometimes implied as residing elsewhere than in the speaker; as, I shall suffer; we shall see; and there is always a less distinct and positive assertion of his volition than is indicated by will. "I shall go" implies nearly a simple futurity; more exactly, a foretelling or an expectation of my going, in which, naturally enough, a certain degree of plan or intention may be included; emphasize the shall, and the event is described as certain to occur, and the expression approximates in meaning to our emphatic "I will go." In a question, the relation of speaker and source of obligation is of course transferred to the person addressed; as, "Shall you go?" (answer, "I shall go"); "Shall he go?" i. e., "Do you require or promise his going?" (answer, "He shall go".) The same relation is transferred to either second or third person in such phrases as "You say, or think, you shall go;" "He says, or thinks, he shall go." After a conditional conjunction (as if, whether) shall is used in all persons to express futurity simply; as, if I, you, or he shall say they are right. Should is everywhere used in the same connection and the same senses as shall, as its imperfect. It also expresses duty or moral obligation; as, he should do it whether he will or not. In the early English, and hence in our English Bible, shall is the auxiliary mainly used, in all the persons, to express simple futurity. (Cf. Will, v. t.) Shall may be used elliptically; thus, with an adverb or other word expressive of motion go may be omitted.
superl.
Being of slight consequence; feeble in influence or importance; unimportant; trivial; insignificant; as, a small fault; a small business.
v. i.
To exercise the sense of smell.
adv.
In or to small extent, quantity, or degree; little; slightly.
v. i.
A bench or table on which small articles of merchandise are exposed for sale.
n.
To perceive by the olfactory nerves, or organs of smell; to have a sensation of, excited through the nasal organs when affected by the appropriate materials or qualities; to obtain the scent of; as, to smell a rose; to smell perfumes.
n.
The small or slender part of a thing; as, the small of the leg or of the back.
v. i.
A small apartment or shed in which merchandise is exposed for sale; as, a butcher's stall; a bookstall.
v. i.
The space left by excavation between pillars. See Post and stall, under Post.
n. pl.
See Small, n., 2, 3.
superl.
Having little size, compared with other things of the same kind; little in quantity or degree; diminutive; not large or extended in dimension; not great; not much; inconsiderable; as, a small man; a small river.
n.
The act of captivating.
adv.
In a small quantity or degree; with minuteness.
v. i.
To live in, or as in, a stall; to dwell.
v. t.
To fatten; as, to stall cattle.