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Japanese words of Chinese origin
Sino-Japanese vocabulary, also known as kango (Japanese: 漢語; pronounced [kaŋɡo], "Han words"), is a subset of Japanese vocabulary that originated in Chinese
Sino-Japanese_vocabulary
Korean words of Chinese origin
words created from Chinese characters, and words borrowed from Sino-Japanese vocabulary. Many of these terms were borrowed during the height of Chinese-language
Sino-Korean_vocabulary
Morphemes borrowed into Vietnamese from Literary Chinese
extensively in cultural and technical vocabulary. Together with Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese vocabularies, Sino-Vietnamese has been used in the reconstruction
Sino-Vietnamese_vocabulary
Chinese-original CJKV character readings
Sino-Xenic vocabularies are large-scale and systematic borrowings of the Chinese lexicon into the Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese languages, none of which
Sino-Xenic_vocabularies
Topics referred to by the same term
Sino-Japanese is often used to mean: Sino-Japanese vocabulary: That portion of the Japanese vocabulary that is of Chinese origin or makes use of morphemes
Sino-Japanese
Topics referred to by the same term
Chinese Japanese or Japanese Chinese may refer to: Sino-Japanese vocabulary, Japanese vocabulary that originated in the Chinese language or in elements
Chinese_Japanese
Phonological system of the Japanese language
spoken Japanese, ranging from formal vocabulary to everyday words. Most Sino-Japanese words are composed of more than one Sino-Japanese morpheme. Sino-Japanese
Japanese_phonology
Name list
dictionary. Mirai (未来 or 未來) is a Japanese given name. It means "future" and is part of the Sino-Japanese vocabulary (its cognates include Mandarin Chinese
Mirai_(given_name)
Japonic language
extensive waves of Sino-Japanese vocabulary entered the language, affecting the phonology of Early Middle Japanese. Late Middle Japanese (1185–1600) saw
Japanese_language
Language family of Japan
of Sino-Japanese vocabulary borrowed from Early Middle Japanese. After the migration to the Ryukyus, there was limited influence from mainland Japan until
Japonic_languages
Literary form of Japanese, used until the early 20th century
differences apply primarily to Sino-Japanese readings of Chinese characters, while others apply primarily to native Japanese words, and still others apply
Classical_Japanese
Japanese words formed from Chinese-derived morphemes
classified within the Japanese Sino-Japanese vocabulary known as kango. The category includes words whose written form was created in Japan and, in broader
Wasei-kango
Similarity of languages' vocabulary (lexicon)
Sino-Korean vocabulary, and there are new Korean words created from Chinese characters. There are also words borrowed from Sino-Japanese vocabulary.
Lexical_similarity
Kanji reading based on the original Chinese
from Sino-Japanese morphemes. The historical relation is sometimes compared with the layers of Romance and Greek vocabulary in English. Sino-Japanese words
On'yomi
Number words used in the Japanese language
000. Two pronunciations are used: the Sino-Japanese (on'yomi) readings of the Chinese characters and the Japanese yamato kotoba (native words, kun'yomi
Japanese_numerals
languages – gairaigo. Loanwords in Japanese Sino-Japanese vocabulary List of Japanese words of Dutch origin List of Japanese words of Portuguese origin List
Synonymy_in_Japanese
ambiguity of Sino-Korean vocabulary, proponents of Hangul exclusivity proposed the adaptation of more obscure native Korean words for homophonic Sino-Korean
Debate on the use of Korean mixed script
Debate_on_the_use_of_Korean_mixed_script
Logographic writing system
Literary Chinese. When adapted to write Japanese, characters were used to represent both Sino-Japanese vocabulary loaned from Chinese and the corresponding
Chinese_characters
Words pronounced the same but differing in meaning or spelling
homophones in Japanese, due to the use of Sino-Japanese vocabulary, where borrowed words and morphemes from Chinese are widely used in Japanese, but many
Homophone
Chinese dragon
floods and typhoons. The Japanese language borrowed these names for architectural roof decorations as Sino-Japanese vocabulary. Shibi 鴟尾 "ornamental roof-ridge
Chiwen
Process in engineering
practices. The word "autonomation" (自働化), a loan word from the Sino-Japanese vocabulary, is a portmanteau of "autonomous" and "automation" (自動化), which
Autonomation
Numbering system of the Vietnamese language
native Vietnamese; the other uses Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary. In the modern language the native Vietnamese vocabulary is used for both everyday counting
Vietnamese_numerals
Modern words borrowed from Chinese varieties into Japanese
and メンツ (mentsu). Japanese vocabulary is conventionally divided by origin into native Japanese words (wago), Sino-Japanese vocabulary (kango), foreign
Modern Chinese loanwords in Japanese
Modern_Chinese_loanwords_in_Japanese
Category of words based on shared grammatical properties in a clause
sabotage). This recent innovation aside, the huge contribution of Sino-Japanese vocabulary was almost entirely borrowed as nouns (often verbal nouns or adjectival
Part_of_speech
Japanese-style Chinese noodle dish
katakana for foreign imported words. For more information see Sino-Japanese vocabulary. Zhajiangmian (traditional Chinese: 炸醬麵; simplified Chinese: 炸酱面;
Morioka_jajamen
ISBN 978-3-96110-205-1. Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J. (2017). The Sino-Tibetan Languages (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-39950-8. Hualde, José
List of languages by number of phonemes
List_of_languages_by_number_of_phonemes
Abbreviation consisting of initial letters of a phrase
The Japanese language makes extensive use of abbreviations, but only some of these are acronyms. Chinese-based words (Sino-Japanese vocabulary) use similar
Acronym
Consonant change in Japanese compound words
vocabulary is built from Sino-Japanese roots, which have a restricted phonological structure (one or two moras long). At least half of Sino-Japanese terms
Rendaku
Topics referred to by the same term
District, northern Democratic Republic of the Congo Sino-Japanese vocabulary, also called by its Japanese name kango (漢語) Slang term for jackhammer A brand
Kango_(disambiguation)
Ethnic group indigenous to the Ryukyu Islands
Sinicization (such as Sino-Japanese vocabulary) than most Ryukyuan languages. This can be attributed to the fact that the Japanese (or Yamato people) received
Ryukyuans
Word that etymologically derives from at least two languages
International scientific vocabulary List of Greek and Latin roots in English Phono-semantic matching In Sino-Japanese vocabulary, hybrid words are called
Hybrid_word
Language-Alphabet system of North Korea
others consider these differences attributable to replacement of Sino-Korean vocabulary and other loanwords with pure Korean words, or the Northern ideological
North Korean standard language
North_Korean_standard_language
American linguist (1924–2009)
nomenclature for Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary, Sino-Korean vocabulary and Sino-Japanese vocabulary. He published a monograph on Japanese orthography in 1952, and
Samuel_E._Martin
Literary form of written Chinese
Buddhist Chinese Gugyeol Giải âm Sino-Xenic vocabulary Sino-Japanese vocabulary Sino-Korean vocabulary Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary Brushtalk Literary language
Classical_Chinese
Writing using Hangul and Hanja
hangul and never in hanja. Sino-Korean vocabulary or hanja-eo (한자어; 漢字語), either words borrowed from Chinese or created from Sino-Korean roots, were generally
Korean_mixed_script
(蘭; "Dutch") in rangaku comes from Oranda, the Japanese word for Holland; gaku (学) is of Sino-Japanese origin and means "learning". In the process, a
List of Japanese words of Dutch origin
List_of_Japanese_words_of_Dutch_origin
Using multiple writing systems for one language
functions. Japanese is written with kanji "Chinese character" logographs used for both Sino-Japanese vocabulary as well as native vocabulary; hiragana
Digraphia
Type of vocabulary borrowed from Chinese
or pre-Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary, Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary, and nativized Chinese vocabulary. Among the three, only Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary is considered
Non-Sinoxenic_pronunciations
Compound words composed from Latin or ancient Greek
See Sino-Japanese vocabulary and Sino-Korean vocabulary for discussion. The coinage of new native terms on Chinese roots is most notable in Japanese, where
Neoclassical_compound
Volcano in Japan
"mountain") used in Sino-Japanese vocabulary. In Nihon-shiki and Kunrei-shiki romanization, the name is transliterated Huzi. Other Japanese names that have
Mount_Fuji
Words and meanings borrowed from Japanese into Chinese
the 1920s Japanese-mediated terminology had prevailed and most of Yan's alternatives had not become standard. Japanese-derived vocabulary also introduced
Japanese_loanwords_in_Chinese
Japanese method of reading Literary Chinese
term Sino-Xenic in 1953 for Sino-Japanese, Sino-Korean, Sino-Vietnamese, and comparable traditions of Chinese-derived readings and vocabulary. Japanese kundoku
Kanbun
Takatenjin (1581) Silent Hill The Silent Service Sino-Japanese vocabulary Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) Sister Princess Six best
Index of Japan-related articles (S)
Index_of_Japan-related_articles_(S)
Chinese Communist Party slogan
interpretation regarding a 1931 start date for the Second Sino-Japanese War with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria following the Mukden incident. In the
World_Anti-Fascist_War
Syllable type in the phonology in Middle Chinese
voicing. Historical Chinese phonology Sino-Japanese vocabulary Sino-Korean vocabulary Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary Tone name These exceptions often originate
Checked_tone
Native Japanese words
legibility when spelling out a word. Gairaigo Sino-Japanese vocabulary Shibatani, Masayoshi. The Languages of Japan (Section 7.2 "Loan words", p.142), Cambridge
Wago
Grammatical and syntactical feature of Japanese
The Japanese language has a system of honorific speech, referred to as keigo (Japanese: 敬（けい）語（ご）; literally "respectful language"), parts of speech one
Honorific_speech_in_Japanese
Japanese noun type
other languages as well (most notably English.) Chinese Origin (Sino-Japanese vocabulary) English Origin (gairaigo) French Origin In addition to loanwords
Adjectival_noun_(Japanese)
One of the sources of pronunciation of Japanese kanji
Kan-on or kan'on (漢音; Japanese pronunciation: [kaꜜɰ̃.oɴ] or [kaɰ̃.oɴ]) is one of the main strata of Sino-Japanese on'yomi (音読み). It primarily reflects
Kan-on
Proposed language family
includes widely-separated language groups spoken in the Northern Hemisphere: Sino-Tibetan languages, Yeniseian languages and Burushaski in Asia; Na-Dené languages
Dené–Caucasian_languages
Language spoken in Korea
Dictionary). Sino-Korean vocabulary consists of: words directly borrowed from written Chinese, and compounds coined in Korea or Japan and read using the Sino-Korean
Korean_language
Chinese characters used in Vietnamese writing
characters that were used to write Literary Chinese (Hán văn; 漢文) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the
Chữ_Hán
Sound change
(kau, "to buy"). Similar changes occur elsewhere in respect of Sino-Japanese vocabulary, such as with the /eu/ sequence. The /ai/ sequence has remained
Synizesis
Sino-Barbarian vocabulary
The Huáyí yìyǔ (Chinese: 華夷譯語; lit. 'Sino-Foreign vocabularies') refers to a series of vocabularies produced by Ming and Qing dynasty Chinese administration
Huayi_yiyu
Chinese-based Vietnamese writing system
Vietnamese language. It uses Chinese characters to represent Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary and some native Vietnamese words, with other words represented
Chữ_Nôm
Language version of dictionary
(later 13) semantic categories. It defined current Japanese vocabulary rather than borrowed Sino-Japanese compounds, and went through many editions and reprints
Japanese_dictionary
Sino cognates compose a vast majority of the vocabulary of these languages (see Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary, Sino-Korean vocabulary, Sino-Japanese vocabulary)
Culture_of_Asia
Austroasiatic language
new vocabulary items were introduced into Vietnamese, including ones from Japanese wasei-kango for Western-originated concepts, adopted through Sino-Vietnamese
Vietnamese_language
Early Korea placenames studied by linguists
captured by Silla from the former state of Goguryeo (Koguryŏ). Some of the vocabulary extracted from these names provides the principal evidence that Japonic
Placename glosses in the Samguk sagi
Placename_glosses_in_the_Samguk_sagi
Mandarin. via Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese, often Sino-Xenic words, These languages historically borrowed large swaths of Chinese vocabulary, and wrote
List of English words of Chinese origin
List_of_English_words_of_Chinese_origin
Japanese glossary
Studies, retrieved 2026-05-26 Takano, Shigeo (2004), Japanese-Created Sino-Japanese Vocabulary in Tetsugaku Jii: Methods of Morpheme Formation and Word
Tetsugaku-jii
"Why Japan is Japan? How Japan became Japan?". Retrieved January 29, 2017. Fogel, Joshua A. (29 April 2015). The Cultural Dimensions of Sino-Japanese Relations:
Names_of_Japan
Chinese characters used in Japanese writing
but has the Japanese readings makoto and sei, alongside Mandarin chéng. Japanese-created characters and words formed from Sino-Japanese morphemes have
Kanji
Simplified language
groups of people that do not have a language in common: typically, its vocabulary and grammar are limited and often drawn from several languages. It is
Pidgin
Japanese kanji pronunciation style
particularly common in Buddhist vocabulary. Both go-on and kan-on reflect Middle Chinese pronunciations, adapted to Japanese phonology. The geographic source
Go-on
Historical period of the Ryukyu Islands
Old Japanese, suggesting a divergence date no later than the 7th century. However, Sino-Japanese vocabulary borrowed from Early Middle Japanese indicates
Gusuku_Period
Large language family mostly of Southeast Asia and the Pacific
al. 2017, p. 188. van Driem, George (2005). "Sino-Austronesian vs. Sino-Caucasian, Sino-Bodic vs. Sino-Tibetan, and Tibeto-Burman as default theory"
Austronesian_languages
Buddhist term
term monkey mind or mind monkey originates from Chinese xīnyuán or Sino-Japanese shin'en (心猿), a word that literally means "heart-mind monkey." It is
Monkey_mind
separate languages within a Japonic family rather than as dialects of Japanese, Japanese was considered a language isolate. Among more distant connections
Classification of the Japonic languages
Classification_of_the_Japonic_languages
Japanese kanji dictionary
The Dai Kan-Wa Jiten (大漢和辞典; "The Great Chinese–Japanese Dictionary") is a Japanese dictionary of kanji (Chinese characters) compiled by Tetsuji Morohashi
Dai_Kan-Wa_Jiten
of Japanese origin List of Spanish words of Chinese origin List of English words of Cantonese origin Chinglish Gairaigo Sino-Japanese vocabulary Daniel
List_of_loanwords_in_Chinese
Chinese syllable sound charts
well as layers of Chinese loanwords, such as the Kan-on layer of Sino-Japanese vocabulary. Each chart of the Yunjing is labelled as either "open" (開; kāi
Rime_table
Traitor to the Han Chinese state
" During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the National Revolutionary Army was defeated in various battles by the Imperial Japanese Army. Chiang Kai-shek
Hanjian
Seeing one's "true nature" as inherently empty of a personal self
needed] Sino-Xenic pronunciations of this term exist: kenshō 見性 or ケンショウ (on'yomi) in Sino-Japanese vocabulary Korean: 견성; RR: gyeonseong in Sino-Korean
Kenshō
Differing pronunciation of Chinese characters
historical Chinese pronunciation Sino-Japanese vocabulary Sino-Korean vocabulary Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary#Monosyllabic loanwords Sino-Xenic pronunciations LaPolla
Literary and colloquial readings
Literary_and_colloquial_readings
Chinese characters used in Korean writing
Korean as early as the Gojoseon period. Hanjaeo (한자어; 漢字語) refers to Sino-Korean vocabulary, which can be written with Hanja, and hanmun (한문; 漢文) refers to
Hanja
Sino-Tibetan language
proportion of vocabulary of Chinese origin thus tends to be greater in technical, abstract, or formal language. For example, in Japan, Sino-Japanese words account
Chinese_language
Legendary Taoist multilocation technique
huashen (化身) means "incarnation; embodiment; personification". In Sino-Japanese vocabulary, bunshin 分身 (borrowed from fenshen) translates as "a branch; an
Fenshen
the Sino-Korean name of 香港, 향항, Hyanghang, rather than the North and South Korean transcription of English Hongk'ong, 홍콩); exceptions of vocabulary are
Korean_language_in_China
Qing dynasty royal and Japanese spy (1907–1948)
Kawashima was raised in Japan and served as a spy for the Japanese Kwantung Army and Manchukuo during the Second Sino-Japanese War, and is sometimes known
Yoshiko_Kawashima
Hypothesis about the spread of language families
borrowed a large amount of vocabulary mainly related to agriculture, and then went south on the Korean Peninsula and entered the Japanese archipelago in the 1st
Farming/language dispersal hypothesis
Farming/language_dispersal_hypothesis
Language family of Asia
S2CID 49547647. Benedict, Paul K. (1990). Japanese/Austro-Tai. Karoma. ISBN 978-0-89720-078-3. Luo, Yongxian. 2008. Sino-Tai and Tai-Kadai: Another look. In
Kra–Dai_languages
Linguistic nationalism in Korea
academic words that were introduced during the Japanese occupation, were replaced with native vocabulary. Some examples include: 관절 (kwanjŏl) (關節, joint/articular
Linguistic_purism_in_Korean
(音読み), and this vocabulary as a whole is referred to as Sino-Japanese in English and kango (漢語) in Japanese. At the same time, native Japanese already had
Japanese_writing_system
Indian physician (1910–1942)
during the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1938. Known for his dedication and perseverance, he has been regarded as an example for Sino-Indian friendship
Dwarkanath_Kotnis
Proposed language family
languages. Related proposals include Austric (Wilhelm Schmidt in 1906) and Sino-Austronesian (Laurent Sagart in 1990, 2005). The Kra–Dai languages contain
Austro-Tai_languages
Term meaning 'not', 'without', or 'lack'
the Sino-Japanese, Sino-Korean, and Sino-Vietnamese vocabularies. The Japanese kanji 無 has on'yomi readings of mu or bu, and a kun'yomi (Japanese reading)
Mu_(negative)
Writing systems descended from oracle bone script
difficult to write. Katakana is typically used to transcribe foreign (non-Sino-Japanese) loanwords, represent onomatopoeic expressions, render colloquial or
Chinese_family_of_scripts
American physician
K. (1990). Japanese/Austro-Tai. Ann Arbor: Karoma. ISBN 0-89720-078-0. Benedict, Paul K. “Remarks on A Comparative Vocabulary of Five Sino-Tibetan Languages
Paul_K._Benedict
Linguistic comparison
kanji can be used to write both Sino-Japanese words and native Japanese words. Historically, both Korean and Japanese were written solely with Chinese
Comparison of Japanese and Korean
Comparison_of_Japanese_and_Korean
Japonic language
(most noticeably in Sino-Japonic vocabulary), but tends to be merged into d /d/ in that position, e.g., Hachijō deeneN versus Japanese 来年 rainen "next year
Hachijō_language
Oldest attested stage of Chinese
period, the modern Southern Min languages, the oldest layer of Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary, and a few early transliterations of foreign proper names, as
Old_Chinese
numbers of Chinese words, known collectively as Sino-Xenic vocabulary, i.e. Sino-Japanese, Sino-Korean and Sino-Vietnamese. These words were written with Chinese
Languages_of_East_Asia
Stage of the Korean language
massive and systematic influx of Sino-Korean vocabulary. As a result, over half the modern Korean lexicon consists of Sino-Korean words, though they account
Middle_Korean
Variety of Mandarin Chinese
in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. Chinese is not a single language but a group of languages in the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan family, which
Taiwanese_Mandarin
Japanese lexeme consisting of four kanji
A yojijukugo (Japanese: 四字熟語; pronounced [jo̞ʑiʑɨꜜkɯ̟ɡo̞]) is a Japanese lexeme consisting of four kanji (Chinese characters). English translations of
Yojijukugo
Topical guide to the Korean language
romanization of Korean Kontsevich List of Korean placename etymologies Sino-Korean vocabulary Konglish North–South differences in the Korean language Basic Korean
Outline of the Korean language
Outline_of_the_Korean_language
Hypothetical parent family of the Austroasiatic and Austronesian languages
himself, who speculated about including Japanese within Austric, mainly because of assumed similarities between Japanese and the Austronesian languages. While
Austric_languages
Grammar of the Japanese language
but not person. Japanese adjectives are also conjugated. Japanese has a complex system of honorifics with verb forms and vocabulary to indicate the relative
Japanese_grammar
Tibeto-Burman language
vocabulary, and clerical vocabulary are shown side by side in the table below: Burmese has primarily inherited its monosyllabic vocabulary from Sino-Tibetan
Burmese_language
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SINO JAPANESE-VOCABULARY
SINO JAPANESE-VOCABULARY
SINO JAPANESE-VOCABULARY
SINO JAPANESE-VOCABULARY
SINO JAPANESE-VOCABULARY
SINO JAPANESE-VOCABULARY
SINO JAPANESE-VOCABULARY
SINO JAPANESE-VOCABULARY
SINO JAPANESE-VOCABULARY
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