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Large language family mostly of Southeast Asia and the Pacific
most-spoken language in the world. Approximately twenty Austronesian languages are official in their respective countries. By the number of languages they include
Austronesian_languages
Reconstructed ancestor of the Austronesian languages
the reconstructed ancestor of the Austronesian languages, one of the world's major language families. Proto-Austronesian is assumed to have begun to diversify
Proto-Austronesian_language
Proposed language family
reconstructions of Old Chinese, Sagart argued that the Austronesian languages are related to the Sinitic languages phonologically, lexically and morphologically
Sino-Austronesian_languages
This is a list Austronesian languages, a language family originating from Taiwan, that is widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia (Indonesia
List of Austronesian languages
List_of_Austronesian_languages
Austronesian languages of Taiwan
geographic grouping of Austronesian languages spoken by the indigenous peoples of Taiwan. They do not form a single subfamily of Austronesian but rather up to
Formosan_languages
Speakers of Austronesian languages
› The Austronesian people, sometimes referred to as Austronesian-speaking peoples, are a large group of peoples who speak Austronesian languages, having
Austronesian_peoples
Major subgroup of the Austronesian language family
Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are spoken
Malayo-Polynesian_languages
Non-Austronesian languages of New Guinea and adjacent islands
the world. Besides the Austronesian languages, there arguably are some 800 languages divided into perhaps sixty small language families, with unclear
Papuan_languages
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
the Austronesian languages comprising some 450 languages spoken in Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia. Though covering a vast area, Oceanic languages are
Oceanic_languages
Hypothetical parent family of the Austroasiatic and Austronesian languages
merging. › The Austric languages are a proposed language family that includes the Austronesian languages spoken in Taiwan, Maritime Southeast Asia, the
Austric_languages
Austroasiatic, Austronesian, Japonic, Dravidian, Indo-European, Afroasiatic, Turkic, Sino-Tibetan, Kra–Dai and Koreanic. Many languages of Asia, such as
Languages_of_Asia
languages belonging to the Austronesian family arrived in New Guinea approximately 3,500 years ago.[citation needed] All the Austronesian languages spoken
Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea
Proposed language family
sometimes also Austro-Thai languages, are a proposed language family that comprises the Austronesian languages and Kra–Dai languages. Related proposals include
Austro-Tai_languages
Proposed connection between Ongan and Austronesian language families
is a small family of two attested languages in the Andaman Islands, while Austronesian is one of the largest language families in the world, originating
Austronesian–Ongan_languages
Austronesian and Sino-Tibetan languages
The languages of Taiwan consist of several varieties of languages under the families of Austronesian languages and Sino-Tibetan languages. The Formosan
Languages_of_Taiwan
Proposed branch of the Austronesian language family
Philippine languages by Zorc (2019). Comparison chart between several selected Philippine languages spoken from north to south with Proto-Austronesian first
Philippine_languages
Language family of Asia
Proto-Tibeto-Burman language Proto-Tai language Sino-Austronesian languages Diller, Anthony, Jerry Edmondson, Yongxian Luo. (2008). The Tai–Kadai Languages. London
Kra–Dai_languages
classification of the Japonic languages and their external relations is unclear. Linguists traditionally consider the Japonic languages to belong to an independent
Classification of the Japonic languages
Classification_of_the_Japonic_languages
of these languages belong to the Austronesian language family, prevalent in the western and central regions of Indonesia, including languages such as Acehnese
Languages_of_Indonesia
article describes the personal pronoun systems of various Austronesian languages. The Proto-Austronesian and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian personal pronouns below
Personal pronouns in Austronesian languages
Personal_pronouns_in_Austronesian_languages
primary language family: List of Afro-Asiatic languages, List of Austronesian languages, List of Indo-European languages, List of Mayan languages, List
Lists_of_languages
Melanesian inhabitants of New Guinea
anthropology. In linguistics, "Papuan languages" is a cover term for the diverse, mutually unrelated, non-Austronesian language families spoken in Melanesia,
Indigenous people of New Guinea
Indigenous_people_of_New_Guinea
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Austronesian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Austronesian may refer to: The Austronesian languages The historical Austronesian peoples who
Austronesian
Language family of the Philippines
Visayan languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken in the Philippines. They are most closely related to Tagalog and the Bikol languages, all
Bisayan_languages
Obsolete term for Austronesian languages of Melanesia
referring to the Austronesian languages of Melanesia: that is, the Oceanic, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, or Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages apart from
Melanesian_languages
Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines
Kapampangan, and Pangasinan, and more distantly to other Austronesian languages, such as the Formosan languages of Taiwan, Indonesian, Malay, Hawaiian, Māori, Malagasy
Tagalog_language
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
coined by Dyen (1965) in his lexicostatistical classification of the Austronesian languages. Dyen's "Malayic hesion" had a wider scope than the Malayic subgroup
Malayic_languages
Indigenous inhabitants of Melanesia
many languages of the Austronesian language family (especially ones in the Oceanic branch) or one of the many unrelated families of Papuan languages. There
Melanesians
Group of Austronesian languages
Barito languages are a group of a dozen Dayak (Austronesian) languages of Borneo, Indonesia, and most notably Malagasy, the national language of Madagascar
East_Barito_languages
Group of languages related through a common ancestor
one language. Conversely, there is no upper bound to the number of languages a family can contain. Some families, such as the Austronesian languages, contain
Language_family
Proposed subgroup of Austronesian languages
Malayo-Sumbawan languages are a proposed subgroup of the Austronesian languages that unites the Malayic and Chamic languages with the languages of Java and
Malayo-Sumbawan_languages
Language family of Indonesia
for merging. › The West Papuan languages are a proposed language family of about two dozen non-Austronesian languages of the Bird's Head Peninsula (Vogelkop
West_Papuan_languages
Proposed subgroup of Austronesian languages
Greater North Borneo languages are a proposed subgroup of the Austronesian language family. The subgroup historically covers languages that are spoken throughout
Greater North Borneo languages
Greater_North_Borneo_languages
American linguist and academic (born 1965)
in What Language Is and Our Magnificent Bastard Tongue. The Austronesian family of languages makes abundant use of prefixes and suffixes (which form new
John_McWhorter
article lists languages depending on their use of grammatical gender and noun genders. Certain language families, such as the Austronesian, Turkic, and
List of languages by type of grammatical genders
List_of_languages_by_type_of_grammatical_genders
Language family concentrated in Southeast Asia
which also includes the Austronesian languages, and in some proposals also the Kra–Dai languages and the Hmong–Mien languages. Several lexical resemblances
Austroasiatic_languages
Austronesian language
ملايو) is an Austronesian language native to several islands of Maritime Southeast Asia and the Malay Peninsula on mainland Asia. The language is an official
Malay_language
Austronesian language spoken in Hainan, China
Austronesian languages. Tsat is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian group within the Austronesian language family, and is one of the Chamic languages originating
Tsat_language
Language family
genealogically distinct from most languages of Indonesia, they all show evidence of extensive contact with the dominant Austronesian language family. Some of the North
North_Halmahera_languages
Subgroup of Austronesian languages spoken in Indonesia
of the Austronesian languages spoken by the Batak people in the Indonesian province of North Sumatra and surrounding areas. The Batak languages can be
Batak_languages
Austronesian language of Madagascar
an Austronesian language and dialect continuum spoken in Madagascar. The standard variety, called Official Malagasy, is one of the official languages of
Malagasy_language
Austronesian language
western Java. It is the native language of more than 68 million people. Javanese is the largest of the Austronesian languages in number of native speakers
Javanese_language
Reconstructed ancestor of the Malayo-Polynesian languages
Austronesian language family. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian is ancestral to all Austronesian languages spoken outside Taiwan, as well as the Yami language on
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian_language
sign language, Rennellese Sign Language, has gone extinct. Non-Austronesian languages Besides Austronesian languages, the Central Solomon languages such
Languages of the Solomon Islands archipelago
Languages_of_the_Solomon_Islands_archipelago
Type of synthetic language
polysynthetic languages, which can combine numerous morphemes into single words with complex meanings. Examples of agglutinative languages include Austronesian languages
Agglutinative_language
Family of two Andamanese languages
is a language family which comprises two attested Andamanese languages spoken in the southern Andaman Islands. The two known extant languages are: Önge
Ongan_languages
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, formerly called Celebes. Almost all of the languages spoken in the provinces
Celebic_languages
Proposed grouping of Formosan languages
Jen-kuei. 1998. "台灣南島語言 [The Austronesian Languages of Taiwan]." In Li, Paul Jen-kuei. 2004. Selected Papers on Formosan Languages. Taipei, Taiwan: Institute
Northern_Formosan_languages
Codes of a library classification system
languages 497 North American native languages 498 South American native languages 499 Non-Austronesian languages of Oceania, Austronesian languages,
List_of_Dewey_Decimal_classes
languages are not specified. Some of these regional languages are also used in education. Philippine languages form part of the Austronesian language
Languages_of_the_Philippines
Fossilized affixes abound in Austronesian languages. Li and Tsuchida (2009) lists various fossilized reflexes of Proto-Austronesian infixes *-al-, *-aR-, and
Fossilized affixes in Austronesian languages
Fossilized_affixes_in_Austronesian_languages
present in East Africa and Sahel. Austronesian languages are spoken in Madagascar and parts of the Comoros. Khoe–Kwadi languages are spoken mostly in Namibia
Languages_of_Africa
Subgroup of the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian language family
Caledonian languages, also known as Kanak languages, form a branch of the Southern Oceanic languages. Their speakers are known as Kanaks. One language is extinct
New_Caledonian_languages
Uralic Languages. Brill. pp. 264–287. ISBN 978-90-04-07741-6. Voorhoeve, C. L. (1994). "Contact-induced change in the non-Austronesian languages in the
List of languages by first written account
List_of_languages_by_first_written_account
Island in Papua New Guinea
Polynesian language is spoken, Takuu. Non-Austronesian languages are spoken on the main island of Bougainville. These include Rotokas, a language with a very
Bougainville_Island
Proposed subgroup of the Austronesian language family
Malayo-Polynesian (CEMP) languages form a proposed branch of the Malayo-Polynesian languages consisting of over 700 languages (Blust 1993). The Central
Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
Central–Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages
Polynesian language spoken in Hawaii
Polynesian language of the Austronesian language family, originating in and native to the Hawaiian Islands. It is the historic native language of the Hawaiian
Hawaiian_language
Austronesian language family of Borneo and the Philippines
This is common across Western Austronesian languages. Like the languages of the Philippines, the Sama–Bajaw languages in the Sulu tend to be verb-initial
Sama–Bajaw_languages
Paraphyletic grouping of Austronesian languages
Malayo-Polynesian (WMP) languages, also known as the Hesperonesian languages, are a paraphyletic grouping of Austronesian languages that includes those Malayo-Polynesian
Western Malayo-Polynesian languages
Western_Malayo-Polynesian_languages
official language, with three states and most territories having adopted English plus one or more other official languages. Overall, 430 languages are spoken
Languages of the United States
Languages_of_the_United_States
Type of complex consonant combining plosive with non-plosive elements
Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (2 ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 0-08-044299-4. Adelaar & Himmelmann (2005) The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar
Pre-stopped_consonant
Grammatical phenomenon in Austronesian
been reconstructed for the ancestral Proto-Austronesian language. In the rest of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, including Proto-Oceanic, symmetrical voice
Symmetrical_voice
Proposed language family
Sino-Tibetan languages Distribution of Kra–Dai languages Distribution of Austroasiatic languages Distribution of Hmong–Mien languages Dispersal of Austronesian languages
East_Asian_languages
Reconstructed ancestor of the Oceanic languages
the Austronesian language family. Proto-Oceanic is a descendant of the Proto-Austronesian language (PAN), the common ancestor of the Austronesian languages
Proto-Oceanic_language
Language branch
refers to those languages comprising the Samoic and the Eastern Polynesian branches of the Polynesian group of Austronesian languages. The Eastern Polynesian
Nuclear_Polynesian_languages
Dusunic language spoken on Borneo
few Austronesian languages. The Tsou and Paiwan languages also have these particular elements, spoken by the Taiwanese aborigines. Another language is
Coastal_Kadazan_language
languages) Chữ Nôm (historical writing for Vietnamese language) Most Austronesian languages use Latin script today. Some non-Latin-based writing systems are
Writing systems of Southeast Asia
Writing_systems_of_Southeast_Asia
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
Mor or Moor is a tonal Austronesian language. It is a primary branch of the South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages. Its dialects are Ayombai, Hirom
Mor_language_(Austronesian)
Subgroup of the Austronesian languages
considered for merging. › The Timoric languages are a group of Austronesian languages (belonging to the Central–Eastern subgroup) spoken on the islands
Timoric_languages
each with their own languages. The largest native languages spoken in East Malaysia are the Iban, Dusunic, and Kadazan languages. English is widely understood
Languages_of_Malaysia
Yoruba, and Zulu, as well as into other languages within the countries where these languages are spoken. Some languages such as Maltese and Nubi outright derive
Influence of Arabic on other languages
Influence_of_Arabic_on_other_languages
Proposed language family of New Guinea
heavily Papuanized Austronesian languages belonging to the SHWNG branch, or as Papuan languages that had undergone heavy Austronesian influence. Glottolog
Lower_Mamberamo_languages
Aspect of verb grammar
becoming the object O. All languages have ways to express causation but differ in the means. Most, if not all, languages have specific or lexical causative
Causative
Languages spoken by people of the Andaman Islands
unattested languages, Sentinelese and Jangil. Although the languages in the Andaman Islands were once assumed to be in the same language family, it is
Andamanese_languages
Autonomous region of Papua New Guinea
variety of Austronesian and non-Austronesian languages are also spoken. The region includes several Polynesian outliers where Polynesian languages are spoken
Autonomous Region of Bougainville
Autonomous_Region_of_Bougainville
multitude of other languages are also used in Singapore. They consist of several varieties of languages under the families of the Austronesian, Dravidian, Indo-European
Languages_of_Singapore
ethnic minorities represent six language families: Sino-Tibetan, Austro-Asiatic, Tai–Kadai, Indo-European, Austronesian and Hmong–Mien, as well as an incipient
Languages_of_Myanmar
first used in the first millennia known as Old Malay, a part of the Austronesian language family. Over a period of two millennia, Malay has undergone various
History_of_the_Malay_language
Closeness of linguistic varieties
International Workshop on Information Structure of Austronesian Languages, 10 April 2014. Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo
Mutual_intelligibility
Early human migrations to Oceania
Austronesian languages, populated Insulinde, i.e. the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia. From the eastern islands of Indonesia, these Austronesian
Peopling_of_Oceania
Grammatical category expressing how a verb extends over time
implicating an end pernah: semelfactive Like many Austronesian languages, the verbs of the Philippine languages follow a complex system of affixes to express
Grammatical_aspect
for Culture and Heritage. July 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2011. "Austronesian languages". Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 2 September
Languages_of_New_Zealand
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
with other Austronesian languages. There is however general consensus among Austronesianists that Enggano belongs to the Austronesian language family. Failure
Enggano_language
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
BAH-lih-neez; Basa Bali, Balinese script: ᬩᬲᬩᬮᬶ, IPA: [ˈbasə ˈbali]) is an Austronesian language spoken primarily by the Balinese people on the Indonesian island
Balinese_language
Austronesian language of the Philippines
Aurora. As an Austronesian language, Iloco or Ilocano shares linguistic ties with other Philippine languages and is related to languages such as Bahasa
Ilocano_language
Linkage of Oceanic languages
Oceanic languages is a linkage of Oceanic languages, proposed and studied by Ross (1988). They make up a majority of the Austronesian languages spoken
Western_Oceanic_languages
Neolithic archaeological culture in the Pacific
The Lapita culture is the name given to a Neolithic Austronesian people and their distinct material culture, who settled Island Melanesia via a seaborne
Lapita_culture
Proposed, defunct language family
Papuanized Austronesian languages of New Britain do as well. This suggests a pre-Austronesian language area in the region. The East Papuan languages were proposed
East_Papuan_languages
Structured system of communication
includes such languages as Malagasy, Māori, Samoan, and many of the indigenous languages of Indonesia and Taiwan. The Austronesian languages are considered
Language
Prehistoric inhabitants in Japan
what language or languages were spoken in Japan during the Jōmon period. Suggested languages are: the Ainu language, Japonic languages, Austronesian languages
Jōmon_people
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
considered for merging. › The Minahasan languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken by the Minahasa people in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. They
Minahasan_languages
Branch of the Oceanic languages
The family of Northwest Solomonic languages is a branch of the Oceanic languages. It includes the Austronesian languages of Bougainville and Buka in Papua
Northwest_Solomonic_languages
Native languages of Oceania fall into three major geographic groups: The large Austronesian language family, with such languages as Malay (Indonesian)
Languages_of_Oceania
Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines
Luzon languages of the Austronesian language family. Its closest relatives are the Sambalic languages of Zambales province and the Bolinao language spoken
Kapampangan_language
Neolithic culture in Taiwan
single Proto-Austronesian language that gave rise to present-day Austronesian languages. Instead, multiple migrations of various pre-Austronesian peoples and
Dapenkeng_culture
Austronesian language spoken in Taiwan
example: tnʼghngkawas, mptrqdug, pngkrbkan, dmptbrinah. As other Austronesian languages, Seediq uses reduplication to convey grammatical functions, such
Seediq_language
Language whose grammar rarely uses word inflection
(partially) Kalto Haitian Creole Austronesian languages Cham Hawaiian Māori Sino-Tibetan languages Burmese Sinitic languages Classical Chinese Cantonese Mandarin
Analytic_language
Austronesian language spoken in Southwest Maluku, Indonesia
Dai is a minor Austronesian language spoken on Dai Island in Southwest Maluku, Indonesia. Dai at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) v
Dai_language_(Austronesian)
Austronesian language spoken on the Chuuk islands in Micronesia
Chuukese is an Austronesian language of the Micronesian subbranch. It is one of the dialects making up the Chuukic subgroup of Micronesian languages, together
Chuukese_language
Region where a proto-language was spoken
with all Austronesian languages found outside Taiwan belonging to the remaining Malayo-Polynesian branch. Eskimo–Aleut The Eskimo–Aleut languages originated
Linguistic_homeland
AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES
AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and German
English, French, and German : from the vernacular form of the Hebrew personal name Yehuda ‘Judah’ (of unknown meaning). In the Bible, this is the name of Jacob’s eldest son. It was not a popular name among Christians in medieval Europe, because of the associations it had with Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Christ for thirty pieces of silver. Among Jews, however, the Hebrew name and its reflexes in various Jewish languages (such as Yiddish Yude) have been popular for generations, and have given rise to many Jewish surnames.French : name for a Jew, Old French jude (Latin Iudaeus, Greek Ioudaios, from Hebrew Yehudi ‘member of the tribe of Judah’).English : from a pet form of Jordan.
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German : from a short form of the personal name Matthias (see Matthew) or any of its many cognates, for example Norman French Maheu.English, French, Dutch, and German : from a nickname or personal name taken from the month of May (Middle English, Old French mai, Middle High German meie, from Latin Maius (mensis), from Maia, a minor Roman goddess of fertility). This name was sometimes bestowed on someone born or baptized in the month of May; it was also used to refer to someone of a sunny disposition, or who had some anecdotal connection with the month of May, such as owing a feudal obligation then.English : nickname from Middle English may ‘young man or woman’.Irish (Connacht and Midlands) : when not of English origin (see 1–3 above), this is an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Miadhaigh ‘descendant of Miadhach’, a personal name or byname meaning ‘honorable’, ‘proud’.French : habitational name from any of various places called May or Le May.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : habitational name from Mayen, a place in western Germany.Americanized spelling of cognates of 1 in various European languages, for example Swedish Ma(i)j.Chinese : possibly a variant of Mei 1, although this spelling occurs more often for the given name than for the surname.Cape May, at the mouth of Delaware Bay, is named after the Dutch explorer Cornelius Jacobsen May.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás)
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás) : from a medieval personal name, which comes from the Hebrew male personal name Yona, meaning ‘dove’. In the book of the Bible which bears his name, Jonah was appointed by God to preach repentance to the city of Nineveh, but tried to flee instead to Tarshish. On the voyage to Tarshish, a great storm blew up, and Jonah was thrown overboard by his shipmates to appease God’s wrath, swallowed by a great fish, and delivered by it on the shores of Nineveh. This story exercised a powerful hold on the popular imagination in medieval Europe, and the personal name was a relatively common choice. The Hebrew name and its reflexes in other languages (for example Yiddish Yoyne) have been popular Jewish personal names for generations. There are also saints, martyrs, and bishops called Jonas venerated in the Orthodox Church. Ionas is found as a Greek family name.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : respelling of Yonis, with Yiddish possessive -s.
Surname or Lastname
English and Welsh
English and Welsh : patronymic from the Middle English personal name Jon(e) (see John). The surname is especially common in Wales and southern central England. In North America this name has absorbed various cognate and like-sounding surnames from other languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988).
Surname or Lastname
Scottish (of Norman origin)
Scottish (of Norman origin) : habitational name from any of various places in northern France named with Old Norse hagi ‘enclosure’, a word with cognates in most Germanic languages. Compare Hay.English : variant spelling of Haigh.Irish (County Cavan) : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Thaidhg (see McCaig).
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : from Latin Marcus, the personal name of St. Mark the Evangelist, author of the second Gospel. The name was borne also by a number of other early Christian saints. Marcus was an old Roman name, of uncertain (possibly non-Italic) etymology; it may have some connection with the name of the war god Mars. Compare Martin. The personal name was not as popular in England in the Middle Ages as it was on the Continent, especially in Italy, where the evangelist became the patron of Venice and the Venetian Republic, and was allegedly buried at Aquileia. As an American family name, this has absorbed cognate and similar names from other European languages, including Greek Markos and Slavic Marek.English, German, and Dutch (van der Mark) : topographic name for someone who lived on a boundary between two districts, from Middle English merke, Middle High German marc, Middle Dutch marke, merke, all meaning ‘borderland’. The German term also denotes an area of fenced-off land (see Marker 5) and, like the English word, is embodied in various place names which have given rise to habitational names.English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Marck, Pas-de-Calais.German : from Marko, a short form of any of the Germanic compound personal names formed with mark ‘borderland’ as the first element, for example Markwardt.Americanization or shortened form of any of several like-sounding Jewish or Slavic surnames (see for example Markow, Markowitz, Markovich).Irish (northeastern Ulster) : probably a short form of Markey (when not of English origin).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Matthew. In North America, this form has assimilated numerous vernacular derivatives in other languages of Latin Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus.Irish (Ulster and County Louth) : used as an Americanized form of McMahon.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Jacob. As an American surname this name has absorbed cognates from other languages, for example Danish, Norwegian, and Dutch Jacobsen and Swedish Jacobsson.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from a Germanic personal name composed of
the elements haim, heim ‘home’ + rīc ‘power’,
‘ruler’, introduced to England by the Normans in the form
Henri. During the Middle Ages this name became enormously
popular in England and was borne by eight kings. Continental forms of
the personal name were equally popular throughout Europe (German
Heinrich, French Henri, Italian Enrico and
Arrigo, Czech Jindřich, etc.). As an American family
name, the English form Henry has absorbed patronymics and many
other derivatives of this ancient name in continental European
languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.) In the period in
which the majority of English surnames were formed, a common English
vernacular form of the name was Harry, hence the surnames
Harris (southern) and Harrison (northern). Official
documents of the period normally used the Latinized form
Henricus. In medieval times, English Henry absorbed an
originally distinct Old English personal name that had hagan
‘hawthorn’. Compare Hain 2 as its first element, and there has
also been confusion with Amery.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hInnéirghe ‘descendant of
Innéirghe’, a byname based on éirghe
‘arising’.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac ÉinrÃ
or Mac Einri, patronymics from the personal names
ÉinrÃ, Einri, Irish forms of Henry. It is
also found as a variant of McEnery.Jewish (American) : Americanized form of various like-sounding Ashkenazic Jewish names.A bearer of the name from the Touraine region of France is
documented in Quebec city in 1667. Another (also called
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : status name or occupational name from Middle English, Old French maresc(h)al ‘marshal’. The term is of Germanic origin (compare Old High German marah ‘horse’, ‘mare’ + scalc ‘servant’). Originally it denoted a man who looked after horses, but by the heyday of medieval surname formation it denoted on the one hand one of the most important servants in a great household (in the royal household a high official of state, one with military responsibilities), and on the other a humble shoeing smith or farrier. It was also an occupational name for a medieval court officer responsible for the custody of prisoners. An even wider range of meanings is found in some other languages: compare for example Polish Marszałek (see Marszalek). The surname is also borne by Jews, presumably as an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.As the fourth chief justice of the U.S., John Marshall (1755–1835) was the principal architect in consolidating and defining the powers of the Supreme Court. He was a descendant of John Marshall of Ireland, who settled in Culpeper Co., VA, sometime before 1655.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the male personal name Manasseh, Hebrew Menashe ‘one who causes to forget’ (see Manasse), borne in the Middle Ages by Christians as well as by Jews. Hebrew Menashe and its reflexes in other Jewish languages have always been popular among Jews.English : occupational name for someone who made handles for agricultural and domestic implements, from an agent derivative of Anglo-Norman French mance ‘handle’ (Old French manche, Late Latin manicus, a derivative of manus ‘hand’).
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English : habitational name from Ludwick Hall in Bishops Hatfield, Hertfordshire, probably named from the Old English personal name Luda + Old English wÄ«c ‘outlying (dairy) farm’.
Surname or Lastname
English, Welsh, German, etc.
English, Welsh, German, etc. : ultimately from the Hebrew personal name yÅÌ£hÄnÄn ‘Jehovah has favored (me with a son)’ or ‘may Jehovah favor (this child)’. This personal name was adopted into Latin (via Greek) as Johannes, and has enjoyed enormous popularity in Europe throughout the Christian era, being given in honor of St. John the Baptist, precursor of Christ, and of St. John the Evangelist, author of the fourth gospel, as well as others of the nearly one thousand other Christian saints of the name. Some of the principal forms of the personal name in other European languages are Welsh Ieuan, Evan, Siôn, and Ioan; Scottish Ia(i)n; Irish Séan; German Johann, Johannes, Hans; Dutch Jan; French Jean; Italian Giovanni, Gianni, Ianni; Spanish Juan; Portuguese João; Greek IÅannÄ“s (vernacular Yannis); Czech Jan; Russian Ivan. Polish has surnames both from the western Slavic form Jan and from the eastern Slavic form Iwan. There were a number of different forms of the name in Middle English, including Jan(e), a male name (see Jane); Jen (see Jenkin); Jon(e) (see Jones); and Han(n) (see Hann). There were also various Middle English feminine versions of this name (e.g. Joan, Jehan), and some of these were indistinguishable from masculine forms. The distinction on grounds of gender between John and Joan was not firmly established in English until the 17th century. It was even later that Jean and Jane were specialized as specifically feminine names in English; bearers of these surnames and their derivatives are more likely to derive them from a male ancestor than a female. As a surname in the British Isles, John is particularly frequent in Wales, where it is a late formation representing Welsh Siôn rather than the older form Ieuan (which gave rise to the surname Evan). As an American family name this form has absorbed various cognates from continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc.
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc. : from the Latin personal name Lucas (Greek Loukas) ‘man from Lucania’. Lucania is a region of southern Italy thought to have been named in ancient times with a word meaning ‘bright’ or ‘shining’. Compare Lucio. The Christian name owed its enormous popularity throughout Europe in the Middle Ages to St. Luke the Evangelist, hence the development of this surname and many vernacular derivatives in most of the languages of Europe. Compare Luke. This is also found as an Americanized form of Greek Loukas.Scottish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Lùcais (see McLucas).As a French name Lucas has been recorded in Canada since 1653, taken to Trois Rivières, Quebec, by one Lucas-Lépine from Normandy.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and northern Irish
English, Scottish, and northern Irish : patronymic from Jack 1. As an American surname this has absorbed other patronymics beginning with J- in various European languages.This extremely common British name was brought over by numerous different bearers in the 17th and 18th centuries. One forebear was the father and namesake of the seventh U.S. president, Andrew Jackson, who migrated to SC from Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland in 1765. The Confederate General Thomas ‘Stonewall’ Jackson came from VA, where his great-grandfather John, likewise of Scotch–Irish stock, had settled after emigrating to America in 1748.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of the female personal name Elizabeth. Compare Hibbs 2.English : nickname for someone with very fair hair or skin, from Middle English, Old English lilie ‘lily’ (Latin lilium). The Italian equivalent Giglio was used as a personal name in the Middle Ages. In English and other languages there has also been some confusion with forms of Giles.English : habitational name from places called Lilley, in Hertfordshire and Berkshire. The Hertfordshire place was named in Old English as ‘flax-glade’, from līn ‘flax’ + lēah ‘woodland clearing’. The Berkshire name is from Old English Lillinglēah ‘wood associated with Lilla’, an Old English personal name.
Surname or Lastname
English and French (Léonard)
English and French (Léonard) : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements leo ‘lion’ (a late addition to the vocabulary of Germanic name elements, taken from Latin) + hard ‘hardy’, ‘brave’, ‘strong’, which was taken to England by the Normans. A saint of this name, who is supposed to have lived in the 6th century, but about whom nothing is known except for a largely fictional life dating from half a millennium later, was popular throughout Europe in the early Middle Ages and was regarded as the patron of peasants and horses.Irish (Fermanagh) : adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Mac Giolla Fhionáin or of Langan.Americanized form of Italian Leonardo or cognate forms in other European languages.The French Léonard family were at Château Richer, Quebec, by 1698, having come from Maine, France.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a personal name that was popular throughout Christendom in the Middle Ages. The Greek original, Grēgorios, is a derivative of grēgorein ‘to be awake’, ‘to be watchful’. However, the Latin form, Gregorius, came to be associated by folk etymology with grex, gregis, ‘flock’, ‘herd’, under the influence of the Christian image of the good shepherd. The Greek name was borne in the early Christian centuries by two fathers of the Orthodox Church, St. Gregory Nazianzene (c. 325–390) and St. Gregory of Nyssa (c. 331–395), and later by sixteen popes, starting with Gregory the Great (c. 540–604). It was also the name of 3rd- and 4th-century apostles of Armenia. In North America the English form of the name has absorbed many cognates from other European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988).
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : from the Middle English personal name Ma(t)thew, vernacular form of the Greek New Testament name Matthias, Matthaios, which is ultimately from the Hebrew personal name Matityahu ‘gift of God’. This was taken into Latin as Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus respectively, the former being used for the twelfth apostle (who replaced Judas Iscariot) and the latter for the author of the first Gospel. In many European languages this distinction is reflected in different surname forms. The commonest vernacular forms of the personal name, including English Matthew, Old French Matheu, Spanish Mateo, Italian Matteo, Portuguese Mateus, Catalan and Occitan Mateu are generally derived from the form Matthaeus. The American surname Matthew has also absorbed European cognates from other languages, including Greek Mathias and Mattheos.It is found as a personal name among Christians in India, and in the U.S. is used as a family name among families from southern India.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : patronymic from the personal name John. As an American family name, Johnson has absorbed patronymics and many other derivatives of this name in continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)Johnson is the second most frequent surname in the U.S. It was brought independently to North America by many different bearers from the 17th and 18th centuries onward.
AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES
AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES
Female
French
Feminine form of Anglo-Norman French Jehan, JEHANE means "God is gracious."
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Tender Touch
Girl/Female
Tamil
Insurance
Boy/Male
Indian
Another Name of Lord Vishnu's Vehicle Garudha
Girl/Female
Irish
Bard.
Girl/Female
Indian, Kannada
Name of a Flower
Girl/Female
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Sindhi, Telugu
Love
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian
Who Spread Happiness
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, German, Greek, Latin
Shall be Reborn; Form of Anastasia; Resurrection
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Traveller
AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES
AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES
AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES
AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES
AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES
n.
Of or pertaining to any or all of the various languages which, during the Middle Ages, sprung out of the old Roman, or popular form of Latin, as the Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Provencal, etc.
n.
A sound, of consonantal character, made with a rapid succession of partial or entire intermissions, by the vibration of some one part of the organs in the mouth -- tongue, uvula, epiglottis, or lip -- against another part; as, the r is a trill in most languages.
n.
The language of Hindostan; the name given by Europeans to the most generally spoken of the modern Aryan languages of India. It is Hindi with the addition of Persian and Arabic words.
n.
The languages, or rather the several dialects, which were originally forms of popular or vulgar Latin, and have now developed into Italian. Spanish, French, etc. (called the Romanic languages).
a.
Expressing a phrase or sentence in a single word, -- as is the case in the aboriginal languages of America.
n.
The Tamil language, the most important of the Dravidian languages. See Dravidian, a.
n.
One of the three surd mutes /, /, /; -- so called in relation to their respective middle letters, or medials, /, /, /, and their aspirates, /, /, /. The term is also applied to the corresponding letters and articulate elements in other languages.
n.
The language of the ancient Germans; the Teutonic languages, collectively.
a.
Containing, or consisting of, three languages; expressed in three languages.
a.
Of or pertaining to the Urals and the Altai; as the Ural-Altaic, or Turanian, languages.
n.
The group of allied languages spoken by the Slavs.
superl.
Applied to forms in Anglo-Saxon, etc., which retain the old declensional endings. In the Teutonic languages the vowel stems have held the original endings most firmly, and are called strong; the stems in -n are called weak other constant stems conform, or are irregular.
n.
A change of the natural order of words in a sentence; as, the Latin and Greek languages admit transposition, without inconvenience, to a much greater extent than the English.
n.
A table of syllables; more especially, a table of the indivisible syllabic symbols used in certain languages, as the Japanese and Cherokee, instead of letters.
sing.
A Bible consisting of four different Greek versions arranged in four columns by Origen; hence, any version in four languages or four columns.
v. t.
To apply the mind to; to read and examine for the purpose of learning and understanding; as, to study law or theology; to study languages.
a.
Of or pertaining to any of the Teutonic languages, or the peoples who speak these languages.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or designating, an extensive family of languages of simple structure and low grade (called also Altaic, Ural-Altaic, and Scythian), spoken in the northern parts of Europe and Asia and Central Asia; of pertaining to, or designating, the people who speak these languages.
n.
The ancient language of the Hindoos, long since obsolete in vernacular use, but preserved to the present day as the literary and sacred dialect of India. It is nearly allied to the Persian, and to the principal languages of Europe, classical and modern, and by its more perfect preservation of the roots and forms of the primitive language from which they are all descended, is a most important assistance in determining their history and relations. Cf. Prakrit, and Veda.
n.
Same as Tsetse. U () the twenty-first letter of the English alphabet, is a cursive form of the letter V, with which it was formerly used interchangeably, both letters being then used both as vowels and consonants. U and V are now, however, differentiated, U being used only as a vowel or semivowel, and V only as a consonant. The true primary vowel sound of U, in Anglo-Saxon, was the sound which it still retains in most of the languages of Europe, that of long oo, as in tool, and short oo, as in wood, answering to the French ou in tour. Etymologically U is most closely related to o, y (vowel), w, and v; as in two, duet, dyad, twice; top, tuft; sop, sup; auspice, aviary. See V, also O and Y.