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Group of simple sugar and carbohydrate compounds
Ribose is a simple sugar and carbohydrate with molecular formula C5H10O5 and the linear-form composition H−(C=O)−(CHOH)4−H. The naturally occurring form
Ribose
Family of large biological molecules
sugar-phosphate "backbone" of DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose instead. Ribose has a hydroxyl group attached to the pentose ring in the 2' position
RNA
Chemical compound
name indicates that it is a deoxy sugar, meaning that it is derived from ribose, a simple sugar, by replacing a hydroxy group with a hydrogen atom. Discovered
Deoxyribose
Chemical compound
Ribose 5-phosphate (R5P) is both a product and an intermediate of the pentose phosphate pathway. The last step of the oxidative reactions in the pentose
Ribose_5-phosphate
Post-translational modification
ADP-ribosylation is the addition of one or more ADP-ribose moieties to a protein. It is a reversible post-translational modification that is involved in
ADP-ribosylation
Family of proteins
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a family of proteins involved in a number of cellular processes such as DNA repair, genomic stability, and programmed
Poly_(ADP-ribose)_polymerase
The Ribose repressor (RbsR) is a bacterial DNA-binding transcription repressor protein and a member of the LacI/GalR protein family. This group of proteins
Ribose_repressor
Pharmaceutical compound
D-Ribose-L-cysteine (RiboCeine) is a chemical compound developed as a cysteine prodrug intended to increase endogenous production of glutathione, a naturally
D-Ribose-L-cysteine
Rare metabolic genetic disorder resulting in leukoencephalopathy
Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency (RPID) is an extremely rare human disorder caused by mutations in ribose-5-phosphate isomerase, an enzyme of the
Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency
Ribose-5-phosphate_isomerase_deficiency
In enzymology, a ribose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction D-ribose ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } D-ribulose
Ribose_isomerase
Chemical compound
Cyclic ADP-ribose, frequently abbreviated as cADPR, is a cyclic adenine nucleotide (like cAMP) with two phosphate groups present on 5' OH of the adenosine
Cyclic_ADP-ribose
Chemical compound
diphosphate ribose (ADPR) is an ester molecule formed into chains by the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase. ADPR is created from cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR)
Adenosine_diphosphate_ribose
Enzyme
ADP-ribose 1′′-phosphate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.84, POA1, Appr1p phosphatase, Poa1p) is an enzyme with systematic name ADP-D-ribose 1′′-phosphate phosphohydrolase
ADP-ribose 1″-phosphate phosphatase
ADP-ribose_1″-phosphate_phosphatase
5-Carbon simple sugar
molecular weight is 150.13 g/mol. Pentoses are very important in biochemistry. Ribose is a constituent of RNA, and the related molecule, deoxyribose, is a constituent
Pentose
Enzyme
ADP-ribose diphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes a hydrolysis reaction in which water nucleophilically attacks ADP-ribose to produce
ADP-ribose_diphosphatase
Coenzyme
nucleosides each contain a ribose ring, one with adenine attached to the first carbon atom (the 1' position) (adenosine diphosphate ribose) and the other with
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide
Genetic mapping technique
Ribose-seq is a mapping technique used in genetics research to determine the full profile of embedded ribonucleotides, specifically ribonucleoside monophosphates
Ribose-seq
Class of enzymes
Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase (or phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase or ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase) is an enzyme that converts ribose
Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase
Ribose-phosphate_diphosphokinase
Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (Rpi) encoded by the RPIA gene is an enzyme (EC 5.3.1.6) that catalyzes the conversion between ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) and
Ribose-5-phosphate_isomerase
In enzymology, ribose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.1.1.115) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction D-ribose + NADP+ H2O H+ H2O H+ D-ribonic
Ribose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+)
Ribose_1-dehydrogenase_(NADP+)
Any of several glycosylamines comprising a nucleobase and a sugar molecule
a nucleobase (also termed a nitrogenous base) and a five-carbon sugar (ribose or 2'-deoxyribose) whereas a nucleotide is composed of a nucleobase, a five-carbon
Nucleoside
Class of enzymes
Acetoin-ribose-5-phosphate transaldolase (EC 2.2.1.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction whch produces 1-deoxy-D-altro-heptulose phosphate
Acetoin—ribose-5-phosphate transaldolase
Acetoin—ribose-5-phosphate_transaldolase
D-Ribose pyranase is an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of β-D-ribopyranose and β-D-ribofuranose. This enzyme is an isomerase that has only been
D-Ribose_pyranase
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) also known as NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 or poly[ADP-ribose] synthase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded
PARP1
Nucleotide containing ribose as its pentose component
In biochemistry, a ribonucleotide is a nucleotide containing ribose as its pentose component. It is considered a molecular precursor of nucleic acids.
Ribonucleotide
Biological molecules constituting nucleic acids
composed of three subunit molecules: a nucleobase, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a phosphate group consisting of one to three phosphates
Nucleotide
Biopolymer molecule composed of nucleotide monomers
evolution. Nam et al. demonstrated the direct condensation of nucleobases with ribose to give ribonucleosides in aqueous microdroplets, a key step leading to
Polynucleotide
Chemical compound
their ribose sugar. GTP has the guanine nucleobase attached to the 1' carbon of the ribose and it has the triphosphate moiety attached to ribose's 5' carbon
Guanosine_triphosphate
(1''-2') linkage of ribose-ribose bond to produce free ADP-ribose Specific to (1''-2') linkage of ribose-ribose bond of poly(ADP-ribose). Miwa M, Sugimura
Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase
Poly(ADP-ribose)_glycohydrolase
Organic compound that consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
plants and chitin in arthropods and fungi). The 5-carbon monosaccharide ribose is an important component of coenzymes (e.g., ATP, FAD and NAD) and the
Carbohydrate
Class of enzymes
Mn2+-dependent ADP-ribose/CDP-alcohol diphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.53, Mn2+-dependent ADP-ribose/CDP-alcohol pyrophosphatase, ADPRibase-Mn) is an enzyme with
Mn2+-dependent ADP-ribose/CDP-alcohol diphosphatase
Mn2+-dependent_ADP-ribose/CDP-alcohol_diphosphatase
Biological molecule
as a guide RNA where a methyl group is added to the 2' hydroxyl of the ribose moiety of any nucleotide (Nm) producing a methoxy group. It can also be
2'-O-methylation
Class of enzymes
Ribose-5-phosphate adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.35) is an enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible chemical reaction adenosine diphosphate ribose Pi
Ribose-5-phosphate adenylyltransferase
Ribose-5-phosphate_adenylyltransferase
–O– linkage between phosphoric acid and two other compounds
RNA chains). The involved saccharide groups are deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA. In order for the phosphodiester bond to form, joining the nucleosides
Phosphodiester_bond
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PARG gene. Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) is the major enzyme responsible
PARG
Covalent bond joining a sugar molecule to another group
anomeric carbon of the ribose sugar structure through an N-glycosidic bond. Occasionally, the nucleobases attached to the ribose undergo deamination, alkylation
Glycosidic_bond
Reaction that cleaves the RNA molecule
molecule. RNA is susceptible to this base-catalyzed hydrolysis because the ribose sugar in RNA has a hydroxyl group at the 2’ position. This feature makes
RNA_hydrolysis
Subtype of carbohydrates
replaced with a hydrogen atom. Examples include: Deoxyribose, or 2-deoxy-D-ribose, a constituent of DNA Fucose, or 6-deoxy-L-galactose, main component of
Deoxy_sugar
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
glycolysis. It generates NADPH and pentoses (five-carbon sugars) as well as ribose 5-phosphate, a precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides. While the pentose
Pentose_phosphate_pathway
Chemical compound
Nicotinamide mononucleotide ("NMN" and "β-NMN") is a nucleotide derived from ribose, nicotinamide, nicotinamide riboside and niacin.[citation needed] In humans
Nicotinamide_mononucleotide
Chemical compound
also called β-D-ribofuranose 1-acetate 2,3,5-tribenzoate, is a ribose-derived compound used in nucleoside synthesis. In the patented formation
1-O-Acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranose
1-O-Acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranose
reaction alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } D-ribose 5-phosphate Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate
Phosphopentomutase
Class of large biomolecules essential to all known life
ribonucleic acid (RNA). If the sugar is ribose, the polymer is RNA; if the sugar is deoxyribose, a variant of ribose, the polymer is DNA. Nucleic acids are
Nucleic_acid
Chemical compound
nucleoside guanosine. GMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase guanine; hence it is a ribonucleotide monophosphate
Guanosine_monophosphate
Specially altered nucleotide on the 5' end of pre-mRNA
2′-hydroxy group on the first ribose sugar[m7G ppp Nm-], while cap-2 has methylated 2′-hydroxy groups on the first two ribose sugars [m7G ppp Nm p Nm-],
Five-prime_cap
PARP-1 dependent cell death
intracellular signals, parthanatos is caused by the accumulation of Poly(ADP ribose) (PAR) and the nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)
Parthanatos
Cyclic nucleic acid
phosphate group and the 3' and 5' hydroxyl groups of the sugar, very often a ribose. Their biological significance includes a broad range of protein-ligand
Cyclic_nucleotide
End-to-end chemical orientation of a single strand of nucleic acid
the 5′ carbon of the ribose ring, and a 3′ end (usually pronounced "three-prime end"), which typically is unmodified from the ribose -OH substituent. In
Directionality (molecular biology)
Directionality_(molecular_biology)
Class of enzymes
Alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate diphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.63, phnM (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name alpha-D-ribose
Alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate diphosphatase
Alpha-D-ribose_1-methylphosphonate_5-triphosphate_diphosphatase
Class of enzymes
nucleotide, cytidine monophosphate, to D-ribose 5-phosphate and cytosine: cytidine monophosphate H2O D-ribose 5-phosphate + cytosine The enzyme
Pyrimidine-5'-nucleotide nucleosidase
Pyrimidine-5'-nucleotide_nucleosidase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 14 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PARP14 gene. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is an immediate DNA damage-dependent
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 14
Poly(ADP-ribose)_polymerase_family_member_14
Chemical compound (cancer therapy drug)
advanced ovarian cancer in adults. It is a PARP inhibitor, inhibiting poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), an enzyme involved in DNA repair. It acts against cancers
Olaparib
Nitrogen-containing biological compounds that form nucleosides
a long chain biomolecule. These chain-joins of phosphates with sugars (ribose or deoxyribose) create the "backbone" strands for a single- or double helix
Nucleotide_base
Energy-carrying molecule in living cells
it consists of three components: a nitrogenous base (adenine), the sugar ribose, and the triphosphate. ATP consists of three parts: a sugar, an amine base
Adenosine_triphosphate
Class of enzymes
Base + α-D-Ribose 1-Phosphate The enzyme catalyzes reversible interconversion of purine nucleoside and phosphate into purine base and α-D-ribose 1-phosphate
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase
Purine_nucleoside_phosphorylase
Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate phosphokinase (EC 2.7.4.23) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction D-ribose 1,5-bisphosphate ATP ADP ATP ADP phosphoribosyl
Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate phosphokinase
Ribose_1,5-bisphosphate_phosphokinase
Hypothetical life with reversed molecular chirality
Life uses D-ribose (left), here shown using Fischer projection, as the building block of RNA.
Mirror-image_life
enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction nicotinate + 5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + ATP + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } nicotinate
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase
Nicotinate_phosphoribosyltransferase
Medical sign
oxidative damage done to cells in diabetes damages DNA and causes poly (ADP ribose) polymerases or PARPs to be activated, such as PARP1. Both processes reduce
Pseudohypoxia
Chemical compound
into nucleic acids. 7-Methylguanine is a natural inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and tRNA guanine transglycosylase (TGT) - and thus may
7-Methylguanine
Protein family
about 180 amino acids that can bind ADP-ribose, an NAD metabolite, or related ligands. Binding to ADP-ribose can be either covalent or non-covalent: in
Macro_domain
Uniformity of handedness
result of post-translational modifications of the original L-amino acid. Ribose and deoxyribose, the sugar components of RNA and DNA nucleotide monomers
Homochirality
Protein found in humans
CD38 (cluster of differentiation 38), also known as cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase, is a glycoprotein found on the surface of many immune cells (white blood
CD38
5-methylthio-5-deoxy-D-ribose-1-phosphate ketol-isomerase, S-methyl-5-thio-5-deoxy-D-ribose-1-phosphate ketol-isomerase, S-methyl-5-thio-5-deoxy-D-ribose-1-phosphate
S-methyl-5-thioribose-1-phosphate isomerase
S-methyl-5-thioribose-1-phosphate_isomerase
Enzyme
ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase (EC 3.2.2.6) is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the two-step chemical reaction nicotinamide adenine
ADP-ribosyl_cyclase
Simple sugars such as glucose and fructose
source and for the synthesis of starch, glycogen and cellulose, is a hexose. Ribose and deoxyribose (in RNA and DNA, respectively) are pentose sugars. Examples
Monosaccharide
Three-dimensional shape of a nucleic acid polymer
interactions with the minor groove are often mediated by the 2'-OH of the ribose sugar, this RNA motif looks very different from its DNA equivalent. The
Nucleic acid tertiary structure
Nucleic_acid_tertiary_structure
Chemical compound
Ribose aminooxazoline (RAO) is a bicyclic pentose aminooxazoline that plays a central role in the prebiotic synthesis of RNA. RAO is a key intermediate
Ribose_aminooxazoline
Enzyme
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 7 (PARP7), also known as TCDD-inducible poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (TIPARP), is an enzyme of the PARP family that catalyzes
PARP7
Class of enzymes
the hydrolysis of 1-methyladenosine to D-ribose and 1-methyladenine: 1-methyladenosine H2O D-ribose + 1-methyladenine This enzyme is a hydrolase
1-methyladenosine nucleosidase
1-methyladenosine_nucleosidase
Chemical compound
is a nucleoside molecule that is formed when cytosine is attached to a ribose ring (also known as a ribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. Cytidine
Cytidine
Polysaccharide gum used as a food additive and thickener
Threose Ketotetrose Erythrulose Pentoses Aldopentoses Arabinose Lyxose Ribose Xylose Ketopentoses Ribulose Xylulose Deoxy sugars Deoxyribose Hexoses Aldohexoses
Xanthan_gum
Pharmacological enzyme inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases
drugs that are a group of pharmacological inhibitors of the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), which plays a role in repairing DNA in damaged cells
PARP_inhibitor
In enzymology, a ribose-5-phosphate—ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.4.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + ribose 5-phosphate + NH3 ⇌ {\displaystyle
Ribose-5-phosphate—ammonia ligase
Ribose-5-phosphate—ammonia_ligase
the chemical reaction: ATP + S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribose ADP + S-methyl-5-thio-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate The enzyme, which is found in Enterobacter
S-methyl-5-thioribose_kinase
Chemical compound
triphosphate (GTP), in which the –OH (hydroxyl) group on the 2' carbon on the ribose has been reduced to just a hydrogen atom (hence the "deoxy-" part of the
Deoxyguanosine_monophosphate
Polysaccharide of glucose
Threose Ketotetrose Erythrulose Pentoses Aldopentoses Arabinose Lyxose Ribose Xylose Ketopentoses Ribulose Xylulose Deoxy sugars Deoxyribose Hexoses Aldohexoses
Maltodextrin
Class of chemical compounds
tri-phosphate (rNTP) is composed of a ribose sugar, 3 phosphate groups attached via diester bonds to the 5' oxygen on the ribose and a nitrogenous base attached
RNTP
Protein family
botulinum C3 exoenzyme is a toxin that causes the addition of one or more ADP-ribose moieties to Rho-like proteins. Many bacterial toxins nucleotide-binding
Clostridium botulinum C3 toxin
Clostridium_botulinum_C3_toxin
Long-chain polymer of a N-acetylglucosamine
Threose Ketotetrose Erythrulose Pentoses Aldopentoses Arabinose Lyxose Ribose Xylose Ketopentoses Ribulose Xylulose Deoxy sugars Deoxyribose Hexoses Aldohexoses
Chitin
American biochemist (1869–1940)
discovery of ribose and deoxyribose: P. A. Levene and L. W. Bass, Nucleic Acids, The Chemical Catalog Co., NY, 1931, pp 24 (deoxyribose) and 131 (ribose). Levene
Phoebus_Levene
Chemical compound
is formed from ribose 5-phosphate (R5P) by the enzyme ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase: It plays a role in transferring phospho-ribose groups in several
Phosphoribosyl_pyrophosphate
Molecule that carries genetic information
5′ carbon of a ribose (the 5′ phosphoryl) and another end at which there is a free hydroxyl group attached to the 3′ carbon of a ribose (the 3′ hydroxyl)
DNA
Class of enzymes
4.2.45, 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose-1-diphosphate:decaprenyl-phosphate 5-phosphoribosyltransferase, 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-pyrophosphate:decaprenyl
Decaprenyl-phosphate phosphoribosyltransferase
Decaprenyl-phosphate_phosphoribosyltransferase
Class of enzymes
diphosphate ribose The enzyme hydrolyses nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (a cation) to give nicotinamide and adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADP-ribose). Unlike
NAD+_glycohydrolase
Gulose Idose Lyxose Mannose Mannoheptulose Psicose (also called allulose) Ribose Ribulose Rhamnose Sorbose Sedoheptulose Talose Tagatose Xylose Xylulose
List_of_sugars
Monosaccharide with five carbon atoms and a ketone functional group
the same stereochemistry at carbons 3 and 4 as the five-carbon aldoses ribose and arabinose. Guo, Zongren; Long, Liangkun; Ding, Shaojun (2020). "Characterization
Ribulose
Chemical compound
phosphorolytic cleavage of the adenine base to generate 5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose-1-phosphate. O'Hagan D, Schaffrath C, Cobb SL, Hamilton JT, Murphy CD (2002)
5'-Deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine
Enzyme
tRNA (cytidine56-2'-O)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.206, aTrm56, tRNA ribose 2'-O-methyltransferase aTrm56, PAB1040 (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic
TRNA (cytidine56-2'-O)-methyltransferase
TRNA_(cytidine56-2'-O)-methyltransferase
Enzyme
base, by cleavage of the 2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate sugar unit: thymidine Pi Pi 2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate + thymine Thymidine phosphorylase
Thymidine_phosphorylase
Set of biochemical processes
This diagram shows the biosynthesis (anabolism) of amino acid histidine from the precursor ribose-5-phosphate.
Amino_acid_synthesis
Universal notation of DNA nucleotides
standard also specifies a syntax for modification to the sugar moiety (ribose or deoxyribose). Internal modification at the 2' position is to be written
Nucleic_acid_notation
Sugars that contain free OH group at the anomeric carbon atom
common monosaccharides like galactose, glucose, glyceraldehyde, fructose, ribose, and xylose. Many disaccharides, like cellobiose, lactose, and maltose,
Reducing_sugar
Heterocyclic aromatic organic compound
with deoxyribose moiety and ribonucleosides (guanosine, adenosine) with ribose moiety. These nucleosides with phosphoric acid form corresponding nucleotides
Purine
Proteinogenic amino acid
supplement, and used as an antidote in cases of acetaminophen overdose. D-ribose-L-cysteine (riboceine) is a chemical compound developed as a cysteine prodrug
Cysteine
an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + D-ribose ADP + ribose 5-phosphate The enzyme originally characterised from calf
Ribokinase
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound
cations, all formulas of ionic compounds are empirical. Glucose (C6H12O6), ribose (C5H10O5), acetic acid (C2H4O2), and formaldehyde (CH2O) all have different
Empirical_formula
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 16 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the PARP16 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000138617 –
PARP16
Natural plant polysaccharides
Threose Ketotetrose Erythrulose Pentoses Aldopentoses Arabinose Lyxose Ribose Xylose Ketopentoses Ribulose Xylulose Deoxy sugars Deoxyribose Hexoses Aldohexoses
Inulin
Long carbohydrate polymers such as starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin
Threose Ketotetrose Erythrulose Pentoses Aldopentoses Arabinose Lyxose Ribose Xylose Ketopentoses Ribulose Xylulose Deoxy sugars Deoxyribose Hexoses Aldohexoses
Polysaccharide
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RIBOSE
RIBOSE
RIBOSE
RIBOSE
RIBOSE
RIBOSE
RIBOSE
RIBOSE
RIBOSE
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