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5-Carbon simple sugar
In chemistry, a pentose is a monosaccharide (simple sugar) with five carbon atoms. The chemical formula of many pentoses is C 5H 10O 5, and their molecular
Pentose
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
The pentose phosphate pathway (also called the phosphogluconate pathway and the hexose monophosphate shunt or HMP shunt) is a metabolic pathway parallel
Pentose_phosphate_pathway
Light-independent reactions in photosynthesis
needed] The Calvin cycle, Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle, reductive pentose phosphate cycle (RPP cycle), or C3 cycle is a series of biochemical redox
Calvin_cycle
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
Indeed, the reactions that make up glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, can occur in the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean
Glycolysis
Simple sugars such as glucose and fructose
by the number x of carbon atoms they contain: triose (3), tetrose (4), pentose (5), hexose (6), heptose (7), and so on. They are colorless, water-soluble
Monosaccharide
Coenzyme acting as an electron carrier in biochemical redox reactions
the pentose phosphate pathway, by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in the first step. The pentose phosphate pathway also produces pentose, another
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide_phosphate
Biochemical process in living organisms
ATP and a UTP are consumed for each molecule of glucose introduced. The pentose phosphate pathway is an alternative method of oxidizing glucose. It occurs
Carbohydrate_metabolism
Metabolic redox process producing energy in the absence of oxygen
by ATP synthase. When glucose is fermented, it enters glycolysis or the pentose phosphate pathway and is converted to pyruvate. From pyruvate, pathways
Fermentation
Amino acid with a branched carbon chain
sugars Hexose-P Triose-P Glycerol P-glycerates Pentose-P Tetrose-P Propionyl -CoA Succinate Acetyl -CoA Pentose-P P-glycerates Glyoxylate Photosystems Pyruvate
Branched-chain_amino_acid
Chemical compound
naturally occurring deoxy sugar. It can be classified as either a methyl-pentose or a 6-deoxy-hexose. Rhamnose predominantly occurs in nature in its L-form
Rhamnose
Set of chemical reactions in organisms
glucose in the Cori cycle. An alternative route for glucose breakdown is the pentose phosphate pathway, which produces less energy but supports anabolism (biomolecule
Metabolism
Chemical test
Bial's test is a chemical test for the presence of pentoses originally developed for the diagnosis of pentosuria. It is named after Manfred Bial, a German
Bial's_test
Chemical synthesis of ketone bodies
v t e Metabolism map Carbon fixation Photo- respiration Pentose phosphate pathway Citric acid cycle Glyoxylate cycle Urea cycle Fatty acid synthesis Fatty
Ketogenesis
Chemical compound
with the nucleoside guanosine. GMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase guanine; hence it is a ribonucleotide
Guanosine_monophosphate
Process of releasing energy from nutrients using inorganic electron acceptors
sugars Hexose-P Triose-P Glycerol P-glycerates Pentose-P Tetrose-P Propionyl -CoA Succinate Acetyl -CoA Pentose-P P-glycerates Glyoxylate Photosystems Pyruvate
Cellular_respiration
Amino acid having an aromatic ring
v t e Metabolism map Carbon fixation Photo- respiration Pentose phosphate pathway Citric acid cycle Glyoxylate cycle Urea cycle Fatty acid synthesis Fatty
Aromatic_amino_acid
Chemical energy animals derive from food
sugars Hexose-P Triose-P Glycerol P-glycerates Pentose-P Tetrose-P Propionyl -CoA Succinate Acetyl -CoA Pentose-P P-glycerates Glyoxylate Photosystems Pyruvate
Food_energy
Rare metabolic genetic disorder resulting in leukoencephalopathy
caused by mutations in ribose-5-phosphate isomerase, an enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. With only four known cases – all diagnosed between 1984
Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency
Ribose-5-phosphate_isomerase_deficiency
Breakdown of glycogen
v t e Metabolism map Carbon fixation Photo- respiration Pentose phosphate pathway Citric acid cycle Glyoxylate cycle Urea cycle Fatty acid synthesis Fatty
Glycogenolysis
Linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell
all take place in the mitochondrial membrane. In contrast, glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and fatty acid biosynthesis all occur in the cytosol
Metabolic_pathway
Energy expenditure for processing food
sugars Hexose-P Triose-P Glycerol P-glycerates Pentose-P Tetrose-P Propionyl -CoA Succinate Acetyl -CoA Pentose-P P-glycerates Glyoxylate Photosystems Pyruvate
Specific_dynamic_action
Set of biochemical reactions
v t e Metabolism map Carbon fixation Photo- respiration Pentose phosphate pathway Citric acid cycle Glyoxylate cycle Urea cycle Fatty acid synthesis Fatty
Urea_cycle
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
sugars Hexose-P Triose-P Glycerol P-glycerates Pentose-P Tetrose-P Propionyl -CoA Succinate Acetyl -CoA Pentose-P P-glycerates Glyoxylate Photosystems Pyruvate
Lactic_acid_fermentation
Biochemical shuttle reaction
v t e Metabolism map Carbon fixation Photo- respiration Pentose phosphate pathway Citric acid cycle Glyoxylate cycle Urea cycle Fatty acid synthesis Fatty
Carnitine_shuttle
Metabolic pathway involving both catabolism and anabolism
cycle The pentose phosphate pathway gets its name because it involves several intermediates that are phosphorylated five-carbon sugars (pentoses). This pathway
Amphibolic
Interconnected biochemical reactions releasing energy
diffuse between the organelles in the cell. It is produced largely via the pentose phosphate pathway in the cytoplasm. The depletion of NADPH results in increased
Citric_acid_cycle
D-Xylose is a five-carbon aldose (pentose, monosaccharide) that can be catabolized or metabolized into useful products by a variety of organisms. There
Xylose_metabolism
Monosaccharide with four carbon atoms
metabolic pathways that a tetrose is involved in is the Pentose Phosphate Pathway. In the Pentose Phosphate Pathway, there is an oxidative stage and a non-oxidative
Tetrose
Sugar containing three carbon atoms
different metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Trioses contribute to the synthesis of essential biomolecules
Triose
Metabolism in hematopoietic progenitors
HSC fate. Upregulation of glycolysis in proliferative HSCs may drive the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to maintain redox balance upon mitochondrial activation
Metabolic regulation of hematopoiesis
Metabolic_regulation_of_hematopoiesis
Biosynthesis of glucose molecules
gluconeogenesis and have to been shown to produce tetrose, hexose phosphates, and pentose from formaldehyde, glyceraldehyde, and glycolaldehyde. Bioenergetics Nelson
Gluconeogenesis
Chemical compound
of the pentose phosphate pathway. It is also an intermediate in the Calvin cycle. It is formed by phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in the pentose phosphate
Ribulose_5-phosphate
Energy-carrying molecule in living cells
sugars Hexose-P Triose-P Glycerol P-glycerates Pentose-P Tetrose-P Propionyl -CoA Succinate Acetyl -CoA Pentose-P P-glycerates Glyoxylate Photosystems Pyruvate
Adenosine_triphosphate
Chemical compound
lies at the start of two major metabolic pathways: glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. In addition to these two metabolic pathways, glucose
Glucose_6-phosphate
Group of simple sugar and carbohydrate compounds
used when required. In its linear form, ribose can be recognised as the pentose sugar with all of its hydroxyl functional groups on the same side in its
Ribose
Class of enzymes
for the nonoxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway. This enzyme has also been implicated in additional pentose and glucuronate interconversions
Phosphopentose_epimerase
Molecule produced by a living organism
uses the ribonucleotides (which have an extra hydroxyl(OH) group on the pentose ring) C, G, A, and U. Modified bases are fairly common (such as with methyl
Biomolecule
Enzyme involved in metabolic pathways
that, in humans, is encoded by the TKT gene. It participates in both the pentose phosphate pathway in all organisms and the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis
Transketolase
Sugar
278. ISBN 9780080562643. Miller, Mabel M.; Lewis, Howard B. (1932). "Pentose Metabolism: I. The Rate of Absorption of d-Xylose and the Formation of
Xylose
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
sugars Hexose-P Triose-P Glycerol P-glycerates Pentose-P Tetrose-P Propionyl -CoA Succinate Acetyl -CoA Pentose-P P-glycerates Glyoxylate Photosystems Pyruvate
Mevalonate_pathway
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
v t e Metabolism map Carbon fixation Photo- respiration Pentose phosphate pathway Citric acid cycle Glyoxylate cycle Urea cycle Fatty acid synthesis Fatty
Glyoxylate_cycle
American biochemist
Horecker (1914–2010) was an American biochemist known for work on the pentose phosphate pathway, and for cellular regulation in general. Bernard Horecker
Bernard_Horecker
Biosynthetic pathway
v t e Metabolism map Carbon fixation Photo- respiration Pentose phosphate pathway Citric acid cycle Glyoxylate cycle Urea cycle Fatty acid synthesis Fatty
Shikimate_pathway
Naming system for building blocks of carbohydrate
number of carbon atom they are further classified into trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses etc., which is further classified in to aldoses and ketoses depending
Monosaccharide_nomenclature
Process
that typically involves the chemical reaction of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. In contrast, the degradation of nucleic
Nucleic_acid_metabolism
Molecule that carries genetic information
phosphate and sugar groups. The sugar in DNA is 2-deoxyribose, which is a pentose (five-carbon) sugar. The sugars are joined by phosphate groups that form
DNA
Medical condition
component of Garrod’s tetrad, is a condition where the sugar L-xylulose, a pentose, presents in the urine in unusually high concentrations. It was characterized
Pentosuria
Chemical compound
acid which appears in the pentose phosphate pathway and the Entner–Doudoroff pathway. During the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway, it is
6-Phosphogluconic_acid
Metabolism involving breakdown of lipids
sugars Hexose-P Triose-P Glycerol P-glycerates Pentose-P Tetrose-P Propionyl -CoA Succinate Acetyl -CoA Pentose-P P-glycerates Glyoxylate Photosystems Pyruvate
Lipolysis
Biological synthesis and degradation of lipids
v t e Metabolism map Carbon fixation Photo- respiration Pentose phosphate pathway Citric acid cycle Glyoxylate cycle Urea cycle Fatty acid synthesis Fatty
Lipid_metabolism
Biological process to convert light into chemical energy
sugars Hexose-P Triose-P Glycerol P-glycerates Pentose-P Tetrose-P Propionyl -CoA Succinate Acetyl -CoA Pentose-P P-glycerates Glyoxylate Photosystems Pyruvate
Photosynthesis
Two nucleobases bound by hydrogen bonds
between the bases are shown as dashed lines. The wiggly lines stand for the connection to the pentose sugar and point in the direction of the minor groove.
Base_pair
Chemical compound
Ribitol, or adonitol, is a crystalline pentose alcohol (C5H12O5) formed by the reduction of ribose. It occurs naturally in the plant Adonis vernalis as
Ribitol
Chemical compound
product and an intermediate of the pentose phosphate pathway. The last step of the oxidative reactions in the pentose phosphate pathway is the production
Ribose_5-phosphate
Chemical compound
Levene, deoxyribose is most notable for its presence in DNA. Since the pentose sugars arabinose and ribose only differ by the stereochemistry at C2′,
Deoxyribose
Chemical compound
(ATP), with the -OH (hydroxyl) group on the 2' carbon on the nucleotide's pentose removed (hence the deoxy- part of the name), and with one fewer phosphoryl
Deoxyadenosine_diphosphate
Chemical compound
5′-Methylthioadenosine is S-methyl derivative of the adenosine. It is an intermediate in the methylthioadenosine (MTA) cycle, also known as the methionine
5′-Methylthioadenosine
Chemical compound
Ribose aminooxazoline (RAO) is a bicyclic pentose aminooxazoline that plays a central role in the prebiotic synthesis of RNA. RAO is a key intermediate
Ribose_aminooxazoline
Chemical compound
triphosphate (GTP), with the -OH group on the 2' carbon on the nucleotide's pentose removed (hence the deoxy- part of the name), and with one fewer phosphoryl
Deoxyguanosine_diphosphate
Species of archaeon
glycolysis/glycogen metabolism, methanogenesis, nitrogen metabolism, non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (NOPPP), nucleotide metabolism, and the reductive citric
Methanococcus_maripaludis
Type of biochemical process
sugars Hexose-P Triose-P Glycerol P-glycerates Pentose-P Tetrose-P Propionyl -CoA Succinate Acetyl -CoA Pentose-P P-glycerates Glyoxylate Photosystems Pyruvate
Protein_metabolism
Chemical compound
with the nucleoside cytidine. CMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase cytosine; hence, a ribonucleoside monophosphate
Cytidine_monophosphate
Metabolism of tumor cells
glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) which enters glycolysis to produce ATP, or enters the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). It therefore, supports macromolecular biosynthesis
Tumor_metabolome
Polymerisation of glucose molecules into glycogen
v t e Metabolism map Carbon fixation Photo- respiration Pentose phosphate pathway Citric acid cycle Glyoxylate cycle Urea cycle Fatty acid synthesis Fatty
Glycogenesis
Biological molecules constituting nucleic acids
Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers
Nucleotide
System of communication
v t e Metabolism map Carbon fixation Photo- respiration Pentose phosphate pathway Citric acid cycle Glyoxylate cycle Urea cycle Fatty acid synthesis Fatty
Cell_signaling
Chemical compound
phosphate of the simple sugar erythrose. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway and the Calvin cycle. The enzyme transaldolase catalyzes
Erythrose_4-phosphate
Type of organelle
(Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) in the pentose phosphate pathway, which is important for energy metabolism. It is debated
Peroxisome
depending on their number of carbon atoms. Most common sugars are either pentoses (five carbons) or hexoses (six carbons). Polymers containing three to ten
List_of_sugars
Chemical compound
metals (ἐρυθρός, "red"). Erythrose 4-phosphate is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway and the Calvin cycle. Oxidative bacteria can be made
Erythrose
Biochemical process involving the production of fats
sugars Hexose-P Triose-P Glycerol P-glycerates Pentose-P Tetrose-P Propionyl -CoA Succinate Acetyl -CoA Pentose-P P-glycerates Glyoxylate Photosystems Pyruvate
Lipogenesis
Chemical compound
in which the -OH (hydroxyl) group on the 2' carbon on the nucleotide's pentose has been reduced to just a hydrogen atom (hence the "deoxy-" part of the
Deoxyadenosine_monophosphate
Chemical compound
triphosphate, with the -OH (hydroxyl) group on the 2' carbon on the nucleotide's pentose removed (hence the deoxy- part of the name), and with one fewer phosphoryl
Deoxycytidine_diphosphate
Chemical compound
with the nucleoside guanosine. GDP consists of a pyrophosphate group, a pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase guanine. GDP is the product of GTP dephosphorylation
Guanosine_diphosphate
Order of bacteria
lactobacilli Heterofermentative LAB use the pentose phosphate pathway, alternatively referred to as the pentose phosphoketolase pathway. One mole of glucose-6-phosphate
Lactic_acid_bacteria
Molecule which reacts with other monomers to form a polymer
acids (DNA/RNA), the monomers are nucleotides, each of which is made of a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. Nucleotide monomers are
Monomer
Monosaccharides with one >C=O group per molecule
carbon atom from the end: Trioses: dihydroxyacetone Tetroses: erythrulose Pentoses: ribulose, xylulose Hexoses: fructose, psicose, sorbose, tagatose Heptoses:
Ketose
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
sugars Hexose-P Triose-P Glycerol P-glycerates Pentose-P Tetrose-P Propionyl -CoA Succinate Acetyl -CoA Pentose-P P-glycerates Glyoxylate Photosystems Pyruvate
Biological_carbon_fixation
Class of large biomolecules essential to all known life
of biological nucleic acids is the nucleotide, each of which contains a pentose sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nucleobase. Nucleic
Nucleic_acid
Process of fatty acid breakdown
v t e Metabolism map Carbon fixation Photo- respiration Pentose phosphate pathway Citric acid cycle Glyoxylate cycle Urea cycle Fatty acid synthesis Fatty
Beta_oxidation
Respiration using electron acceptors other than oxygen
sugars Hexose-P Triose-P Glycerol P-glycerates Pentose-P Tetrose-P Propionyl -CoA Succinate Acetyl -CoA Pentose-P P-glycerates Glyoxylate Photosystems Pyruvate
Anaerobic_respiration
Chemical compound
photosynthetic pathways and plays a vital role in the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway. Studies have shown that 7-O-galloyl-D-sedoheptulose
Sedoheptulose
Heterocyclic organic compound,
decarboxylation. It can also be prepared directly by thermal decomposition of pentose-containing materials, and cellulosic solids, especially pine wood. The
Furan
Chemical compound
the nucleoside thymidine. dTDP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase thymine. Unlike the other deoxyribonucleotides
Thymidine_diphosphate
Life arising from non-living matter
showed in 1861 that the formose reaction created sugars including tetroses, pentoses, and hexoses when formaldehyde is heated under basic conditions with divalent
Abiogenesis
Chemical compound
the nucleoside cytidine. CDP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase cytosine. In Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus
Cytidine_diphosphate
Cytosolic enzyme
6-phosphogluconolactone to 6-phosphogluconic acid in the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway: 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O = 6-phospho-D-gluconate
6-phosphogluconolactonase
Medical condition
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), a metabolic enzyme involved in the Pentose phosphate pathway. It is very important in the metabolism of red blood
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase deficiency
6-phosphogluconate_dehydrogenase_deficiency
Assembly of proteins inside biological cells
with a phosphate group on one side of the pentose sugar and a base on the other. The five carbons in the pentose sugar are numbered from 1' (where ' means
Protein_biosynthesis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
by the TALDO1 gene. Transaldolase 1 is a key enzyme of the nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway providing ribose-5-phosphate for nucleic acid synthesis
Transaldolase_1
Enzyme family
Transaldolase is an enzyme (EC 2.2.1.2) of the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway. In humans, transaldolase is encoded by the TALDO1 gene
Transaldolase
Family of large biological molecules
RNA contains ribose instead. Ribose has a hydroxyl group attached to the pentose ring in the 2' position, whereas deoxyribose does not. The hydroxyl groups
RNA
Nucleotide containing ribose as its pentose component
biochemistry, a ribonucleotide is a nucleotide containing ribose as its pentose component. It is considered a molecular precursor of nucleic acids. Nucleotides
Ribonucleotide
Chemical compound
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) is a pentose phosphate. It is a biochemical intermediate in the formation of purine nucleotides via inosine-5-monophosphate
Phosphoribosyl_pyrophosphate
Process in plant metabolism
sugars Hexose-P Triose-P Glycerol P-glycerates Pentose-P Tetrose-P Propionyl -CoA Succinate Acetyl -CoA Pentose-P P-glycerates Glyoxylate Photosystems Pyruvate
Photorespiration
Metabolic pathways to build molecules
in the catabolic processes of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, or the pentose phosphate pathway. From glycolysis, glucose 6-phosphate is a precursor
Anabolism
Monosaccharide with five carbon atoms and a ketone functional group
is the diastereomer of d-xylulose. Ribulose sugars are composed in the pentose phosphate pathway from arabinose. They are important in the formation of
Ribulose
Natural sweetener
phosphorylates it to D-xylulose-5-phosphate, which then goes into the pentose phosphate pathway for further processing. About 50% of ingested xylitol
Xylitol
Enzyme involved in the production of energy by cells
H+ 6-Phosphogluconolactone + NADPH This enzyme participates in the pentose phosphate pathway (see image), a metabolic pathway that supplies reducing
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glucose-6-phosphate_dehydrogenase
Situation where tumor cells have been deprived of oxygen
shuffling glycolytic intermediates such as glucose-6-phosphate into the pentose phosphate pathway to give ribose-5-phosphate and NADPH. Ribose-5-phosphate
Tumor_hypoxia
PENTOSE
PENTOSE
PENTOSE
PENTOSE
Biblical
the back
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Facilitated; Wealthy; Successful
Girl/Female
British, English, Russian
Feminine of Edward; Wealthy Defender; Wealthy Protector; Born on Sunday
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : variant spelling of Ritchie.Americanized spelling of the Swiss family names Rütschi, Rütsche, or Rüetschi (see Ritchey).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name of uncertain origin, perhaps from Branxton in Northumberland, which is named with the Celtic personal name Branoc + Old English tūn ‘settlement’.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Virtuous
Boy/Male
Australian, Gaelic
Crown; Wreath; Similar to Stephen
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Servant of the Mercifully Gracious
Boy/Male
Tamil
Snehith | ஸà¯à®¨à¯‡à®¹à®¿à®¤
A friend, Be friendly
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Radiant; Illuminated
PENTOSE
PENTOSE
PENTOSE
PENTOSE
PENTOSE