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Class of error correction codes
In computer science, repeat-accumulate codes (RA codes) are a low complexity class of error-correcting codes. They were devised so that their ensemble
Repeat-accumulate_code
Scheme for controlling errors in data over noisy communication channels
correcting code Reed–Solomon error correction Reed–Muller code Repeat-accumulate code Repetition codes, such as Triple modular redundancy Spinal code, a rateless
Error_correction_code
Perfect code Quantum fingerprinting RIPEMD Random oracle Redundancy check Reed–Solomon code Reed–Solomon error correction Repeat-accumulate code Repetition
List of algebraic coding theory topics
List_of_algebraic_coding_theory_topics
Linear error correcting code
qubits. In 2003, an irregular repeat accumulate (IRA) style LDPC code beat six turbo codes to become the error-correcting code in the new DVB-S2 standard
Low-density_parity-check_code
Simple but inefficient error-correcting code
stand-alone codes, use in Turbo code-like iteratively decoded concatenated coding schemes, such as repeat-accumulate (RA) and accumulate-repeat-accumulate (ARA)
Repetition_code
High-performance forward error correction codes
other classes of turbo code have been discovered, including serial concatenated convolutional codes and repeat-accumulate codes. Iterative turbo decoding
Turbo_code
Digital satellite television standard
structure, also known as Irregular Repeat-Accumulate codes. VCM (Variable Coding and Modulation) and ACM (Adaptive Coding and Modulation) modes, which allow
DVB-S2
Class of forward error correction codes
Convolutional code Viterbi algorithm Soft-decision decoding Interleaver BCJR algorithm Low-density parity-check code Repeat-accumulate code Turbo equalizer
Serial concatenated convolutional codes
Serial_concatenated_convolutional_codes
Hybrid error-detection and correction code in communications
error correction codes that can be used in an HARQ scheme besides Turbo codes, e.g. extended irregular repeat-accumulate (eIRA) code and Efficiently-Encodable
Hybrid automatic repeat request
Hybrid_automatic_repeat_request
DNA that does not code for proteins
Non-coding DNA (ncDNA) sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences. Some non-coding DNA is transcribed into functional
Non-coding_DNA
Repeating sequences of 2–13 base pairs of DNA
Microsatellites in non-coding regions may not have any specific function, and therefore might not be selected against; this allows them to accumulate mutations unhindered
Microsatellite
Patterns of nucleic acids that occur in multiple copies throughout the genome
over occurs. However, an abundance of neutral repeats can still influence genome evolution as they accumulate over time. Overall, repeated sequences are
Repeated_sequence_(DNA)
experiments on channel code partitioning using the turbo codes, Hamming codes and irregular repeat-accumulate codes. Modulo-N code is a simpler technique
DISCUS
Replacement, insertion, or deletion of a single DNA or RNA nucleotide
Tay-Sachs disease. In molecular biology, repeat-induced point mutation or RIP is a process by which DNA accumulates G:C to A:T transition mutations. Genomic
Point_mutation
by internal duplications in both coding and non-coding genomic sequences. Repetitive units of protein tandem repeats are considerably diverse, ranging
Protein_tandem_repeats
Bitmap image file format family
bytes, including control codes. The encoding process that produces the 9-bit codes is shown below. A local string accumulates pixel color numbers from
GIF
1975 software engineering book by Fred Brooks
of workers involved (it required longer). The tendency for managers to repeat such errors in project development led Brooks to quip that his book is called
The_Mythical_Man-Month
X-linked dominant genetic disorder
testing to determine the number of CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene. Normally, there are between 5 and 40 repeats; fragile X syndrome occurs with more than
Fragile_X_syndrome
Self-replicating cellular automaton
purpose copier, he showed how the descriptions (tapes) of machines could accumulate mutations in self-replication and thus evolve more complex machines (the
Von Neumann universal constructor
Von_Neumann_universal_constructor
How software progresses through its implementation
progresses from one command to the next. In many contexts, such as machine code and an imperative programming language, control progresses sequentially (to
Control_flow
General-purpose programming language
== 0 { x / 2 } else { 3 * x + 1 }; println!("{new_x}"); } while repeats a block of code while a condition is met. fn main() { // Iterate over all integers
Rust_(programming_language)
Family of higher-order functions
constituent parts, building up a return value. Fold is also termed as reduce, accumulate, aggregate, compress, or inject. Typically, a fold is presented with a
Fold_(higher-order_function)
Inherited neurodegenerative disorder
due to a new mutation. Expansion of CAG repeats (known as a trinucleotide repeat expansion) in the gene coding for the huntingtin protein results in an
Huntington's_disease
Model that describes the programmable interface of a computer processor
two data words simultaneously, and it requires a single-cycle multiply–accumulate multiplier. Comparison of instruction set architectures Compressed instruction
Instruction_set_architecture
W, Kuang H (March 2012). "Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) have been accumulated through amplification bursts and play important
Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Elements
Miniature_Inverted-repeat_Transposable_Elements
Repeated DNA variation between individuals
leading to extra copies of the repeat. In addition, if these trinucleotide repeats are in the same reading frame in the coding portion of a gene, it may lead
Copy_number_variation
recognized the need to hold repeat elections in these constituencies and asked parliament to take a decision on holding repeat elections in these constituencies
2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election
2012_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election
Physiological molecule and therapeutic drug
increase the rate of its degradation. Hyaluronan degradation products then accumulate in the skin after UV exposure. While it is abundant in extracellular matrices
Hyaluronic_acid
Musical composition by Ludwig van Beethoven
embrace him in the form of sound.... As time went on and performances accumulated, the symphony gradually rose to the status it holds today. Even highly
Symphony_No._5_(Beethoven)
Type of computer instructions
all are all-ones or a mix of both. Vector GF(2) multiply and multiply-accumulate, vgfm, known as carryless multiply comprehensive packed BCD. memory-based
Bit_manipulation_instructions
Muscular degenerative disease of the face, shoulder blades, and upper arms
10q contains a tandem repeat structure highly homologous (99% identical) to 4q35, containing "D4Z4-like" repeats with protein-coding regions identical to
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Facioscapulohumeral_muscular_dystrophy
American basketball player (born 1984)
Philadelphia 76ers in 2026. James was the first player in NBA history to accumulate $1 billion in earnings as an active player and has been listed by Forbes
LeBron_James
Mammalian hormone released from the pituitary gland
as the transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL), Per2 protein accumulates and is phosphorylated by CK1E. Per2 subsequently inhibits the transcription
Vasopressin
German longwave time signal radio station
computed by accumulating samples over the previous 12 months and exceeding the ≤ 30 ns target). The time is represented in binary-coded decimal. It represents
DCF77
Polymer resin widely used in packaging
ASTM standards, polystyrene is regarded as not biodegradable. It is accumulating as a form of litter in the outside environment, particularly along shores
Polystyrene
Parallel programming model
1)) repeat end function function Reduce is input: age (in years) Y for each input record (Y,(N,C)) do Accumulate in S the sum of N*C Accumulate in Cnew
MapReduce
Condition of genetic hypermutability
units. The majority of repeats occur in untranslated regions, specifically introns. However, microsatellites that occur in coding regions often inhibit
Microsatellite_instability
Medical condition
the polyglutamine tract, which in turn might make the ataxin-2 protein accumulate and form inclusion bodies in neurons; these inclusion bodies contain other
Spinocerebellar_ataxia_type_2
Mixed-signal microcontroller family
execution), or a register number which contains a 4-bit repeat count. The following assembler source code is for a subroutine named memcpy that copies a block
TI_MSP430
Criminal punishment
Singapore Legal Advice. 1 February 2021. § 144(3) Slovak Criminal Code Only in cases of repeat offenders, convicted of the same or as part of an organized group
Life_imprisonment
Department of the German Naval Intelligence Service
powerful Sainte-Assise transmitter in France. The Sainte Assise tower would repeat the message at two, six, twelve and twenty four hours, and if critically
B-Dienst
2024 film by Richard LaGravenese
a different writer to rewrite a bad script. When Chris changes the gate code on her while she is talking to a writer, Zara quits. A short time later,
A_Family_Affair_(2024_film)
Veterinary medication
by the lower-affinity CYP3A12. Repeat dosing of maropitant eventually saturates CYP2D15, causing the drug to accumulate due to reduced clearance. Thus
Maropitant
All genetic material of an organism
degradation, instead accumulating in aggregates that also sequester important transcription factors, thereby altering gene expression. Tandem repeats are usually
Genome
Benzodiazepine medication
administration up to six months. On regular administration, diazepam will accumulate, since it has a longer half-life and active metabolites, these metabolites
Lorazepam
37th season of the reality television series
to their detonator before the next team member goes. The first team to accumulate 20 sticks of dynamite and detonate their opponent's bunkers wins. Winners:
The Challenge: Spies, Lies & Allies
The_Challenge:_Spies,_Lies_&_Allies
Class of plant small RNAs
nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) disease-resistance genes, and in flowering plants they also include reproductive classes that accumulate in developing anthers
Phased_small_interfering_RNA
Genus of grass cultivated for grain
(6 ft 7 in). While the roots of a wheat plant are growing, the plant accumulates an energy store in its stem, in the form of fructans, which helps the
Wheat
Organic chemical that functions both as a hormone and a neurotransmitter
roundworms, flatworms, molluscs and common fruit flies can all be trained to repeat an action if it is consistently followed by an increase in dopamine levels
Dopamine
2024 American film by Brad Peyton
and was placed at number one in 71 countries. By June 5, 2024, Atlas accumulated 60 million global views (or 119.4 million viewing hours), making it the
Atlas_(2024_film)
Film by Howard Hawks
The Shame of the Nation and The Shame of a Nation) is a 1932 American pre-Code gangster film directed by Howard Hawks and produced by Hawks and Howard Hughes
Scarface_(1932_film)
Protein
DnaA accumulates during growth and then triggers the initiation of replication. Replication begins with active DnaA binding to 9-mer (9-bp) repeats upstream
DnaA
Soviet supersonic passenger airliner
metres, with no crack-arresting design feature to stop it. In 1976, during repeat-load and static testing at TsAGI (Russia's Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute)
Tupolev_Tu-144
39th season of the reality television series
large plus and minus signs into their correct position. The group then repeat this process, attempting to solve and replicate as many of the four equations
The Challenge: Battle for a New Champion
The_Challenge:_Battle_for_a_New_Champion
Predictive filter
steps along an estimate of the gradient direction. As these adjustments accumulate, error in the state estimates is reduced. For convergence and stability
Alpha_beta_filter
Opioid analgesic
clots. These particles cannot be filtered out before injection, and will accumulate in the body over time, especially in the lungs and eyes, producing various
Methadone
Friday the 13th antagonist
to help him return to Earth in Friday the 13th: Hell Lake. In Hate-Kill-Repeat, two religious serial killers attempt to find Jason at Crystal Lake, believing
Jason_Voorhees
Species of bacterium
eventually leads to disruption of the endothelial layer. The Treponema repeat family of proteins (Tpr) are proteins expressed during the infection process
Treponema_pallidum
DNA located in cellular organelles called chloroplasts
evolution. The inverted repeat regions are highly conserved among land plants, and accumulate few mutations. Similar inverted repeats exist in the genomes
Plastid_DNA
Most populous city in Canada
while accumulating snow can fall anytime from November until mid-April. However, mild stretches also occur in most winters, melting accumulated snow.
Toronto
Performing repetitive tasks for gameplay or cosmetic advantage
video game culture that describes time spent in the game in which a player repeats a general task in order to gain rewards like in-game currency, in-game
Grinding_(video_games)
Video game character
at the end of each iteration she willingly uploads all of Amphoreus' accumulated memories into the system, before she herself is formatted and reinserted
Cyrene_(Honkai:_Star_Rail)
Cryptanalytic process developed by Alan Turing during World War II
looking for the giveaway repeat pattern that shows where they align in depth. The comparison of two messages to look for repeats was made easier by punching
Banburismus
Children's game
is that, regardless, this usually ends up happening. Errors typically accumulate in the retellings, so the statement announced by the last player differs
Telephone_game
Annual bull riding championship held in Texas
Finals is considered the culminating event of the PBR season. Riders accumulate points throughout the season to qualify for the event and compete for
PBR_World_Finals
Computer command line program
code had been hosted on (in reverse order): Bazaar, Mercurial, Subversion, and via CVS. When a sufficient number of features or bug fixes accumulate during
Wget
Open source amateur radio mode
using one of 3 feedback polynomials with 255, 65,535 and 16,777,215-bit repeat periods. AES encryption: symmetric, 128-bit block cipher operating in CTR
M17_(amateur_radio)
Mechanism allowing a machine to test itself
the telephone concentrator box. This contains complex electronics to accumulate telephone lines or data and route it to a central switch. Telephone concentrators
Built-in_self-test
non prosunt singula multa iuvant what alone is not useful helps when accumulated Ovid, Remedia amoris quaecumque sunt vera whatsoever is true frequently
List_of_Latin_phrases_(full)
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
divided into filter, raptorial, or diffusion feeders. Filter feeders accumulate small suspended particles into the cytostome by filtering them through
Protist
U.S. nonprofit organization
NAR is the author of a Model Rocket Safety Code for consumer model rocketry and a High Power Rocket Safety Code for high-power sport rocketry that are recognized
National Association of Rocketry
National_Association_of_Rocketry
Empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796
not technically allow them to own possessions, some serfs were able to accumulate enough wealth to pay for their freedom. The understanding of law in Imperial
Catherine_the_Great
RNA component of the ribosome, essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells. rRNA is a ribozyme which
Ribosomal_RNA
Calendar year with a day (or month) added
astronomical year or seasonal year. Since astronomical events and seasons do not repeat in a whole number of days, calendars that have a constant number of days
Leap_year
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
leading to abnormal protein aggregates called amyloids. These amyloids accumulate in infected tissue, causing damage and cell death. The structural stability
Prion
2025 studio album by Taylor Swift
It became the most-watched episode of New Heights on the platform, accumulating over 10 million views in less than 20 hours. Swift's partnerships with
The_Life_of_a_Showgirl
Leader of the Bedonkohe Apache (1829–1909)
to take revenge for the murder of his family by Mexican soldiers and accumulated a record of brutality during this time that was unmatched by any of his
Geronimo
Study of DNA modifications that do not change its sequence
(poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase) and its product poly(ADP)-ribose (PAR) accumulate at sites of DNA damage as part of the repair process. This accumulation
Epigenetics
Science of genes, heredity and variation
of natural selection occurs within the body and eventually mutations accumulate within cells to promote their own growth, creating a cancerous tumor that
Genetics
Solid-rocket propellant
pressing as with black powder. This provides manufacturing regularity and repeatability, which are necessary requirements in the aerospace industry. Ammonium
Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant
Ammonium_perchlorate_composite_propellant
Haitian general and revolutionary (1743–1803)
sold to a new owner. By the start of the revolution, Louverture began to accumulate a moderate fortune and was able to buy a small plot of land adjacent to
Toussaint_Louverture
Mandelbar Set
maps. The characteristic three-cornered shape created by this fractal repeats with variations at different scales, showing the same sort of self-similarity
Tricorn_(mathematics)
Combinational digital circuit
inputs to an ALU are the data to be operated on, called operands, and a code indicating the operation to be performed (opcode); the ALU's output is the
Arithmetic_logic_unit
2000 video game
the first day by playing the Song of Time. Players must use knowledge accumulated from previous cycles to solve puzzles, complete quests, and unlock dungeons
The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask
The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Majora's_Mask
Arrangement of hereditary material
have accumulated considerable repetitive elements and noncoding regions, which account for the majority of their DNA sequences (52% non-coding and 44%
Genomic_organization
Class of small RNA molecules
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNA molecules in the nucleolus that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs
Small_nucleolar_RNA
Material of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids
the chain that is on the main path, linking together a large number of repeat units. To customize the properties of a plastic, different molecular groups
Plastic
Protein-coding gene in humans
buildup of a repeat expansion with each generation is typically thought to occur because the DNA is unstable and therefore accumulates exponentially
C9orf72
New religious movement from China
generated through doing good deeds and suffering, while the latter is accumulated through doing wrong deeds. A person's ratio of karma to virtue is said
Falun_Gong
687–689. doi:10.1080/00358533.2025.2542794. Terry, Fiona (2002). Condemned to Repeat?: The Paradox of Humanitarian Action. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-8796-5
List_of_genocides
Entropy coding methods
10 {\displaystyle p=3/10} here, the pattern of symbols repeats every 10 positions. The coding C ( x , s ) {\displaystyle C(x,s)} can be found by taking
Asymmetric_numeral_systems
Association between genetics and ALS
repeat units. It is not clear exactly how many repeat units are needed to cause disease. SOD1, which codes for superoxide dismutase 1, is the second most
Genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Genetics_of_amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis
Structure in molecular biology
be identified where small molecules specific for these DNA structures accumulated in cells. The length of the nucleic acid sequences involved in tetrad
G-quadruplex
1991 video game
Japan, with Capcom reporting continued production of arcade units due to repeat orders. In the United Kingdom, Your Commodore reported in July 1991 that
Street_Fighter_II
President of Peru from 1990 to 2000
for Fujimori. De Soto proved to be influential to Fujimori, who began to repeat de Soto's advocacy for deregulating the Peruvian economy. The International
Alberto_Fujimori
RNA family
stable intronic-sequence RNAs (ebv-sisRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs generated by repeat introns in the Epstein–Barr virus. After EBERs 1 and 2, ebv-sisRNA-1
Epstein–Barr virus stable intronic-sequence RNAs
Epstein–Barr_virus_stable_intronic-sequence_RNAs
2025 video game
unrelated ones such as the stealth Discipline Obfuscate. Players can accumulate and stack multiple clan perks, offering a wide range of customisation
Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines 2
Vampire:_The_Masquerade_–_Bloodlines_2
Group of brain diseases induced by prions
produced by a cell and the abnormal proteins stick to each other, they accumulate in the brain, damaging neurons and eventually causing disease. Prion diseases
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
Transmissible_spongiform_encephalopathy
Algorithm for generating numbers coprime with first few primes
number of spokes is chosen such that prime numbers will have a tendency to accumulate in a minority of the spokes. Find the first few prime numbers to form
Wheel_factorization
Season of television series
biggest problem with [the season finale episode] is obviously that it repeats the series' pattern of ending seasons". The fourth season was released
Silicon_Valley_season_4
travel, tourism, insurance
REPEAT ACCUMULATE-CODE
REPEAT ACCUMULATE-CODE
REPEAT ACCUMULATE-CODE
REPEAT ACCUMULATE-CODE
REPEAT ACCUMULATE-CODE
REPEAT ACCUMULATE-CODE
REPEAT ACCUMULATE-CODE
REPEAT ACCUMULATE-CODE
REPEAT ACCUMULATE-CODE
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