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Polish Jewish lawyer (1900–1959)
Raphael Lemkin (Polish: Rafał Lemkin, IPA: [ˈrafaw ˈlɛmkʲin]; 24 June 1900 – 28 August 1959) was a Polish Jewish lawyer who is known for coining the term
Raphael_Lemkin
Multinational genocide prevention organization
The Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention (LIGP), or simply Lemkin Institute, is a multinational non-governmental organization based in the United
Lemkin_Institute
Question of whether the 1932–1933 Ukraine famine constituted genocide
and the European Union had recognised the Holodomor as a genocide. Raphael Lemkin, who coined the term "genocide" in the 1940s and initiated the Genocide
Holodomor_genocide_question
1944 book by Raphael Lemkin
1944 book by Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin that is best known for introducing the concept of genocide, which Lemkin coined from the Greek word γένος
Axis_Rule_in_Occupied_Europe
Scholarly and legal definitions of genocide
include both scholarly and legal definitions of genocide. Coined by Raphael Lemkin in 1944, the word is a compound of the ancient Greek word γένος (génos
Genocide_definitions
Name list
Order Raphael Koster (born 1971), American game designer Raphael Lasker (1838–1904), German-American rabbi Raphael Lemkin, Holocaust survivor Raphael Martelli
Raphael_(given_name)
destruction of a people in whole or in part. The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin. It is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and
Genocides_in_history
genocides have happened in all historical periods. Polish–Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin coined the term "genocide" in response to world events such as the Armenian
List_of_genocides
Ethnic cleansing in the United States
these definitions focus on intent, while others focus on outcomes. Raphael Lemkin, who coined the term "genocide", considered the displacement of Native
Native American genocide in the United States
Native_American_genocide_in_the_United_States
Genocide involving destruction of culture
lawyer Raphael Lemkin in 1944, in the same book that coined the term genocide. The destruction of culture was a central component in Lemkin's formulation
Cultural_genocide
Spanish labour system in its colonies
ownership became more profitable than acquisition of forced labour. Raphael Lemkin (coiner of the term genocide) considered Spain's abuses of the native
Encomienda
13th-century crusade against Catharism in southern France
1294–1324. London: Scolar Press. ISBN 0859674037. Lemkin, Raphael (2012). Jacobs, Steven Leonard (ed.). Lemkin on Genocide. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield
Albigensian_Crusade
Intentional destruction of a people
The term genocide was coined by Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin in the early 1940s. Lemkin lobbied for genocide to be outlawed by international treaty
Genocide
Elimination of indigenous inhabitants
genocide experts, including Raphael Lemkin – who coined the term Genocide – colonialism is intimately connected with genocide. Lemkin saw genocide as a two-stage
Genocide of indigenous peoples
Genocide_of_indigenous_peoples
Overview of genocides before 1914
destruction of a people in whole or in part. The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin. It is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and
Genocides in history (before 1490)
Genocides_in_history_(before_1490)
they wanted and ignored native institutions, rights, and customs. — Raphael Lemkin Diseases imported by Arab traders, European colonists and African porters
Atrocities in the Congo Free State
Atrocities_in_the_Congo_Free_State
2016 book by Philippe Sands
that examines the lives of two Jewish lawyers, Hersch Lauterpacht and Raphael Lemkin, born within three years of each other and students in the same city
East_West_Street
Overview of genocides from 1914 to 1945
destruction of a people in whole or in part. The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin. It is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and
Genocides in history (World War I through World War II)
Genocides_in_history_(World_War_I_through_World_War_II)
1948 United Nations resolution that legally defined genocide
lacked an adequate description or legal definition. Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin, who had coined the term genocide in 1944 to describe Nazi policies
Genocide_Convention
Extermination of ethnic identities
the destruction of their culture is a crime of genocidal proportions. Raphael Lemkin, the lawyer who coined genocide in 1943 as the union of "the Greek word
Ethnocide
Surname list
Lemkin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Raphael Lemkin, Polish Jewish lawyer who is known for coining the term genocide Stav Lemkin
Lemkin
1921 assassination in Berlin, Germany
remains in 1943 and gave him a state funeral. Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin read about the trial in the news and was inspired to conceptualize the
Assassination_of_Talaat_Pasha
1932–1933 man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine
system, and harsh grain requisitions. Coiner of the term genocide, Raphael Lemkin considered the repression of the Orthodox Church to be a prong of genocide
Holodomor
United States-based human rights organization
pressing human rights struggles of our day. In 2006, 2008, and 2010, the Raphael Lemkin Human Rights Award was presented at the North American Conferences on
T'ruah
Iraqi army officer (1890–1937)
"victory" rally. The Simele massacre inspired Raphael Lemkin to create the concept of Genocide. In 1933, Lemkin made a presentation to the Legal Council of
Bakr_Sidqi
American poet
Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America's Response, winner of the 2005 Raphael Lemkin Prize and a New York Times best seller (October 2003). Both prose books
Peter_Balakian
Causes of the 1932–33 famine in Soviet Ukraine
genocide that entered international law with the 1948 Genocide Convention. Raphael Lemkin, the co-author of the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and
Causes_of_the_Holodomor
Overview of genocides from 2000
destruction of a people in whole or in part. The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin. It is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and
21st-century_genocides
it also included the Taíno genocide in its Genocide Studies Program. Raphael Lemkin considered Spain's abuses of the native population of the Americas to
Taíno_genocide
Framework for analyzing racism against African Americans
"Communist propaganda" before it was presented to the UN. Professor Raphael Lemkin, a Polish lawyer who had helped draft the UN Genocide Convention, said
Black genocide in the United States
Black_genocide_in_the_United_States
Famine that affected the major grain-producing areas of the Soviet Union
the sense of the United Nations (UN) definition, it complies with Raphael Lemkin's original concept of genocide, which considered destruction of culture
Soviet_famine_of_1930–1933
Comparison of genocides
genocide of Jews, and it became known in English as the Holocaust. Raphael Lemkin, who coined the term genocide to describe this category of state crime
Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
Armenian_genocide_and_the_Holocaust
1951 petition to the UN accusing the US government of black genocide
attracted international attention through the worldwide communist movement. Raphael Lemkin, who invented the term "genocide" and advocated for the Genocide Convention
We_Charge_Genocide
Soviet secret police chief (1899–1953)
(2010). "Raphael Lemkin and the Question of Genocide under Communist Regimes". In Bieńczyk-Missala, Agnieszka; Dębski, Sławomir (eds.). Rafał Lemkin. PISM
Lavrentiy_Beria
1933 massacre of Assyrians in Iraq
being regarded as the turning point for the Assyrian naming dispute. Raphael Lemkin's coining of the term genocide was influenced by the events of the massacre
Simele_massacre
Academic views on death rates in Stalin-era USSR
(2010). "Raphael Lemkin and the Question of Genocide under Communist Regimes". In Bieńczyk-Missala, Agnieszka; Dębski, Sławomir (eds.). Rafał Lemkin. PISM
Excess mortality under Joseph Stalin
Excess_mortality_under_Joseph_Stalin
Public inquiry in Canada 2016-2019
work of Raphael Lemkin (1900–1959), who coined the term genocide and who considered colonization intimately connected with genocide. Lemkin had explained
National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls
National_Inquiry_into_Missing_and_Murdered_Indigenous_Women_and_Girls
Trials of Nazi German leaders
genocide, which had been recently invented by the Polish-Jewish jurist Raphael Lemkin. British prosecutor Shawcross quoted from witness testimony about a
Nuremberg_trials
Overview of genocides before 1914
destruction of a people in whole or in part. The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin. It is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and
Genocides in history (1490 to 1914)
Genocides_in_history_(1490_to_1914)
Armenian revolutionary and assassin (1896–1960)
cypress trees. His trial for murder influenced Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin, who later reflected on the trial, "Tehlirian acted as the self-appointed
Soghomon_Tehlirian
Genocide campaign in the Ottoman Empire
1940s, the era of the Holocaust, by Raphael Lemkin, a Polish lawyer of Jewish descent. In his writings on genocide, Lemkin detailed the fate of Greeks in Turkey
Greek_genocide
Colonialism which replaces natives with settlers
meaning of "settling". According to certain genocide scholars, including Raphael Lemkin—the individual who coined the term genocide—colonization is intimately
Settler_colonialism
Canadian-American anarchist (1947–2004)
Libertarian, and writing a positive review of James J. Martin's book on Raphael Lemkin, which was published by the IHR. Konkin personally rejected Holocaust
Samuel_Edward_Konkin_III
French jurist (1880–1952)
strongly contested by Francis Biddle and Iona Nikitchenko. Along with Raphael Lemkin (the academic who devised the term "genocide" in his 1944 book Axis
Henri_Donnedieu_de_Vabres
professor at George Mason University. Irvin-Erickson, Douglas (2016). Raphael Lemkin and the Concept of Genocide. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-9341-8
Douglas_Irvin-Erickson
(2010), "Raphael Lemkin and the Question of Genocide under Communist Regimes", in Bieńczyk-Missala, Agnieszka; Dębski, Sławomir (eds.), Rafał Lemkin: A Hero
Mass killings under communist states
Mass_killings_under_communist_states
previously, most of whom were not ethnically German. Polish researcher Raphael Lemkin stated in 1944: "Even before the war Hitler envisaged genocide as a
Nazi war crimes in occupied Poland during World War II
Nazi_war_crimes_in_occupied_Poland_during_World_War_II
Book by Samantha Power
response to the Armenian genocide (Chapter 1). She next describes Raphael Lemkin's efforts to lobby for American action against Nazi atrocities in Europe
A_Problem_from_Hell
Medieval southern European Christian dualist movement
ISBN 978-0-14-013700-2. "Lemkin, Raphael". UNHCR. 2001. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2017. Lemkin, Raphael (2012). Jacobs,
Catharism
Washington-based American think tank
Prize in 1931. In November 1944, the Carnegie Endowment published Raphael Lemkin's Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation – Analysis of Government
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace
Academic field of study that researches genocide
Genocide became a field of study in the mid-1940s with the work of Raphael Lemkin, who coined genocide and started genocide research, and its primary
Genocide_studies
part". The concept was introduced by Raphael Lemkin in 1944, while the term was coined by Helen Fein in 1997. Lemkin described this process as "racial discrimination
Genocide_by_attrition
Overview of genocides from 1945
destruction of a people in whole or in part. The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin. It is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and
Genocides in history (1946 to 1999)
Genocides_in_history_(1946_to_1999)
Historiography on the two events
In his 2021 book The Problems of Genocide, A. Dirk Moses argues that Raphael Lemkin, who coined the term genocide and who supported Zionism, likely considered
The_Holocaust_and_the_Nakba
Cemetery in Flushing, Queens, New York City
York City Marathon and president of the New York Road Runners Club Raphael Lemkin (1900–1959), initiator of the Genocide Convention Shifra Lerer (1915–2011)
Mount Hebron Cemetery (New York City)
Mount_Hebron_Cemetery_(New_York_City)
Eliminating groups of people for political reasons
or religious identity. Raphael Lemkin personally insisted against the inclusion of political groups in the Convention. Lemkin wrote in his autobiography:
Political cleansing of population
Political_cleansing_of_population
Connection of environmental and human destruction
peoples. Many of the scholars writing about genocide and ecocide use Raphael Lemkin's original definition of genocide. When ecological destruction is responsible
Genocide–ecocide_nexus
Systematic removal of a certain ethnic or religious group
episodes of state-sponsored ethnic cleansing in the modern Western world. Raphael Lemkin, who coined the term "genocide," considered the displacement of Native
Ethnic_cleansing
U.S. nonprofit organization
genocide and mass atrocity prevention. The institute is best known for its Raphael Lemkin Seminar for Genocide Prevention held annually at the Auschwitz concentration
Auschwitz Institute for the Prevention of Genocide and Mass Atrocities
Auschwitz_Institute_for_the_Prevention_of_Genocide_and_Mass_Atrocities
Genocide: The Public Career and Consequences of Raphael Lemkin, by James Joseph Martin. p. 166. 1984. Raphael Lemkin Archived 2002-03-09 at the Wayback Machine
Assyrian independence movement
Assyrian_independence_movement
Genocide after French conquest of Algeria
scholars have called France's conquest of Algeria a genocide, such as Raphael Lemkin, who coined the word "genocide" in the 20th century and Ben Kiernan
Pacification_of_Algeria
(2010). "Raphael Lemkin and the Question of Genocide under Communist Regimes". In Bieńczyk-Missala, Agnieszka; Dębski, Sławomir (eds.). Rafał Lemkin. PISM
Genocide_recognition_politics
Forced economic reforms of collective ownership of the means of production
basis that it was an attack on the church. Coiner of the term genocide, Raphael Lemkin, considered the repression of the Orthodox Church to be a prong of genocide
Collectivization in the Soviet Union
Collectivization_in_the_Soviet_Union
Deliberate damage or defacement of an object or structure
Conference for Unification of Criminal Law held in Madrid in 1933, Raphael Lemkin envisaged the creation of two new international crimes (delicta juris
Vandalism
Genocide by the Ustaše during World War II
killings of Serbs as meeting the definition of genocide, including Raphael Lemkin who is known for coining the word genocide and initiating the Genocide
Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia
Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia
Israel, Settler-Colonialism, Genocide (Creating a Conversation Between Raphaël Lemkin and Ilan Pappé)". Holy Land Studies. 11 (1). Edinburgh University Press:
Intent and incitement in the Gaza genocide
Intent_and_incitement_in_the_Gaza_genocide
2014 American film
in New Zealand and Australia. The film depicts the journey of lawyer Raphael Lemkin and his efforts in lobbying the United Nations to establish the Genocide
Watchers_of_the_Sky
the same level of education or technology.[need quotation to verify] Raphael Lemkin coined the term "genocide" in the 1940s by in the light of the Armenian
Colonialism_and_genocide
novels about the genocide, was written by Franz Werfel, an Austrian Jew. Raphael Lemkin, a Polish Jewish lawyer, coined the concept of genocide as a crime against
Armenian–Jewish_relations
Ideology considered far outside the mainstream
writer Polina Zherebcova, the Jehovah's Witnesses movement in Russia, Raphael Lemkin, and articles by the initiator of the Genocide Convention of 1948. Since
Extremism
30 May 2019. "Coining a Word and Championing a Cause: The Story of Raphael Lemkin". encyclopedia.ushmm.org. Retrieved 30 May 2019. "Day of liberation
Timeline_of_the_Holocaust
Acts of genocide committed against Indigenous peoples in Canada
and contentious. According to certain genocide scholars, including Raphael Lemkin – the individual who coined the term genocide – colonialism was intimately
Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples
Canadian_genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples
1910s–1930s murders in Oklahoma, US
American Democracy: North American Settler Genocide in the Thought of Raphaël Lemkin". Genocide Studies and Prevention. 14 (1): 21–39 [36]. doi:10.5038/1911-9933
Osage_Indian_murders
around the world came into being as a direct result of the genocide. Raphael Lemkin was explicitly moved by the Armenian annihilation to define systematic
Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I
Systematic campaign in the Ottoman Empire
from Western missionaries and Armenian survivors. Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin, who coined the term genocide in 1944, became interested in war crimes
Armenian_genocide
Antisemitic show trial
that I had a hard time finishing it and remembering all the details." Raphael Lemkin considered the trial an example of judicial murder and, along with the
Slánský_trial
Ethnic cleansing of Palestinians
Israel, Settler-Colonialism, Genocide (Creating a Conversation between Raphaël Lemkin and Ilan Pappé)". Holy Land Studies. 11 (1): 1–32. doi:10.3366/hls.2012
Nakba
Destruction of Indigenous Australian peoples and their cultures
Rebe Taylor, and Tony Barta. The author of the concept of genocide, Raphael Lemkin, considered Tasmania the site of one of the world's clear cases of genocide
Genocide of Indigenous Australians
Genocide_of_Indigenous_Australians
and contentious. According to certain genocide scholars, including Raphael Lemkin – the individual who coined the term genocide – colonialism was intimately
Settler_colonialism_in_Canada
Indigenous people of the Australian island state of Tasmania
decimation qualifies as genocide by the definition of Raphael Lemkin adopted in the UN Genocide Convention. Lemkin himself considered Tasmania to be the site of
Aboriginal_Tasmanians
genocide, including those that include cultural and ethnic genocide as per Raphael Lemkin. Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky have argued that definitions of key
Denial of genocides of Indigenous peoples
Denial_of_genocides_of_Indigenous_peoples
and Portuguese colonialists and become a minority in their homelands. Raphael Lemkin, who coined the term "genocide", considered the displacement of Native
List of ethnic cleansing campaigns
List_of_ethnic_cleansing_campaigns
1939 pre-WWII Italian invasion of Albania
Occupation, Resistance and Civil War. I.B.Tauris. p. 2. ISBN 9780857729361. Raphaël Lemkin. Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. Slark, New Jersey, US: The Lawbook Exchange
Italian_invasion_of_Albania
Extensive knowledge of a wide group of subjects
still often ascribed to individuals. For example, it has been said of Raphael Lemkin that "his knowledge of the logic behind the Nazi war machine was encyclopedic
Encyclopedic_knowledge
2004 book by American writer Ward Churchill
terms of reference by analyzing the meaning of genocide according to Raphael Lemkin. The ECOSOC Genocide Convention – Churchill writes – was ratified in
Kill_the_Indian,_Save_the_Man
Forced relocation and ethnic cleansing of the southeastern Native American tribes
starting in 1988. "Genocide" is a term that came into use in 1944 from Raphael Lemkin's book Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. Political scientist Michael Rogin
Trail_of_Tears
1944 Soviet ethnic cleansing and genocide
(2010). "Raphael Lemkin and the Question of Genocide under Communist Regimes". In Bieńczyk-Missala, Agnieszka; Dębski, Sławomir (eds.). Rafał Lemkin. PISM
Operation_Lentil_(Caucasus)
German author, sociologist and economist (1943–2023)
1984, he became professor at the University of Bremen. He founded the Raphael Lemkin institute genocide and xenophoby. The centre was dissolved after Heinsohn
Gunnar_Heinsohn
1915–1917 war crimes in the Ottoman Empire
Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521691437. Jacobs, Steven L. (2003). "Raphael Lemkin and the Armenian Genocide". In Richard G. Hovannisian (ed.). Looking
Rape during the Armenian genocide
Rape_during_the_Armenian_genocide
Transfer and deportation of people in the Soviet Union
(2010). "Raphael Lemkin and the Question of Genocide under Communist Regimes". In Bieńczyk-Missala, Agnieszka; Dębski, Sławomir (eds.). Rafał Lemkin. PISM
Population transfer in the Soviet Union
Population_transfer_in_the_Soviet_Union
Ethnic cleansing, expulsion, and flight of Palestinians during the 1948 Palestine war
Israel, Settler-Colonialism, Genocide (Creating a Conversation between Raphaël Lemkin and Ilan Pappé)". Holy Land Studies. 11 (1): 1–32. doi:10.3366/hls.2012
1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight
Use of alcoholic beverages by Native Americans
foolish, who is at fault? In his research for the Genocide Convention, Raphael Lemkin proposed that distribution of alcohol was one of several tools (such
Alcohol_and_Native_Americans
The term was coined and first defined in the 1940s by legal scholar, Raphael Lemkin. It is legally defined in the United Nations Genocide Convention of
Palestinian genocide allegations
Palestinian_genocide_allegations
American scholar and non-profit founder
this shift in mission, it was renamed as the Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention, honoring Raphael Lemkin. Previously, she served as the endowed chair
Elisa_von_Joeden-Forgey
Skrabets Chaim Weizmann, President of Israel Yefim Karsky Uladzimir Konan Raphael Lemkin Moisey Ostrogorsky Leon Petrażycki Stefania Ulanowska Lev Vygotsky Cyril
List_of_people_from_Belarus
1970s mass killing of Cambodians
defined in the Genocide Convention and in the broader definition of Raphael Lemkin, which includes destruction of political, social, and economic groups
Cambodian_genocide
Writings of Raphael Lemkin on Genocide Raphael Lemkin papers, 1947–1959, New York Public Library Archives and Manuscripts. Raphael Lemkin Collection,
Bibliography of genocide studies
Bibliography_of_genocide_studies
Military conflicts
confirms that the city was destroyed during the conquest. According to Raphael Lemkin the population in the city at the time was Polish. According to Kazimierz
Polish–Teutonic_Wars
French anthropologist (born 1955)
Critical Anthropology of Life”. In 2018, he delivered the Inaugural Raphael Lemkin Lecture at Rutgers University in honor of the Polish jurist who coined
Didier_Fassin
international criminal law after World War II. Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin, who coined the term genocide in 1944, became interested in the prosecution
War_crimes_in_World_War_I
RAPHAEL LEMKIN
RAPHAEL LEMKIN
Female
English
 Compare with another form of Rachel. Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Raghnaid, RACHEL means "battle counsel." Anglicized form of Greek Rhachel, meaning "ewe." In the bible, this is the name of Jacob's wife.
Girl/Female
Australian, Hebrew
God Heals; Female Version of Raphael
Male
Spanish
German, Portuguese and Spanish form of Hebrew Rephael, RAFAEL means "healed of God" or "whom God has healed."
Boy/Male
Australian, German, Hebrew
God has Healed; Form of Raphael
Female
Hebrew
(רָחֵל) Hebrew name RACHEL means "ewe." In the bible, this is the name of Jacob's favorite wife, and mother of Joseph and Benjamin. Compare with other forms of Rachel.
Boy/Male
Hebrew
God's healer.
Male
Greek
(Ῥαφαὴλ) Greek form of Hebrew Rephael, RAPHAEL means "healed of God" or "whom God has healed." In the bible, this is the name of a son of Shemaiah and grandson of Obed-edom. In the books of Henoch (English Enoch) and Tobit, this is the name of an archangel. In use by the English.
Male
Hebrew
(רְפָ×ֵל) Hebrew name REPHAEL means "healed of God" or "whom God has healed." In the bible, this is the name of a son of Shemaiah and grandson of Obed-edom. In the books of Enoch and Tobit, this is the name of an archangel.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Rachel.
Boy/Male
Biblical
The physic or medicine of God.
Girl/Female
Hebrew American
Ewe. Rachel was the second and favoured wife of Jacob in the Old Testament.
Boy/Male
Italian American Hebrew
God has healed.
Male
French
French form of Hebrew Rephael, RAPHAËL means "healed of God" or "whom God has healed."
Female
English
English feminine form of Greek Raphael, RAPHAELA means "healed of God" or "whom God has healed."
Female
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Rachel, RAHEL means "ewe." In the bible, this is the name of Jacob's favorite wife, and mother of Joseph and Benjamin.
Female
Hebrew
(רְפָ×ֵלָה) Feminine form of Hebrew Rephael, REPHAELA means "healed of God" or "whom God has healed."
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Rachel, RACHEAL means "ewe."
Female
English
Variant form of English Rachel, RACHAEL means "ewe."
Boy/Male
American, Armenian, British, Danish, English, French, German, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Hindu, Indian, Italian, Jewish, Swedish, Swiss
God has Healed; Healed by God
Girl/Female
Australian, Christian, French, German, Hawaiian, Hebrew
Divine Healer; Female Version of Raphael; God Heals
RAPHAEL LEMKIN
RAPHAEL LEMKIN
Boy/Male
Chinese
Treasure.
Girl/Female
Egyptian
Mythical frog headed goddess.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Prayer of God
Girl/Female
Czechoslovakian American
Christian.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi
Moon's Love; Soft
Boy/Male
Tamil
Blue Jay
Boy/Male
Irish
Derived from fear “â€manâ€â€ and gus “â€strengthâ€â€ and signifies “â€a strong warrior, virile.â€â€ According to the legend of the Cattle Raid of Cooley (read the legend) Fergus was the king of Ulster and his lover, the cunning Nessa, duped him into letting her son Conchobhar rule in his place for a year so that in years to come her son could be called “â€the son of a king.â€â€ Fergus consented but after the year Conchobhar refused to relinquish the throne and so Fergus joined Maebh in her battle against Ulster, his native province.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Shining, Visible
Boy/Male
Tamil
Fame
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Light
RAPHAEL LEMKIN
RAPHAEL LEMKIN
RAPHAEL LEMKIN
RAPHAEL LEMKIN
RAPHAEL LEMKIN
n.
A line, ridge, furrow, or band of fibers, especially in the median line; as, the raphe of the tongue.
n.
Same as Rhaphe.
a.
Having the raphe terminating about half way between the chalaza and the orifice; amphitropous; -- said of an ovule.
a.
Like Raphael's works; in Raphael's manner of painting.
n.
The principles of painting introduced by Raphael, the Italian painter.
n.
The doctrine or practice of a school of modern painters who profess to be followers of the painters before Raphael. Its adherents advocate careful study from nature, delicacy and minuteness of workmanship, and an exalted and delicate conception of the subject.
n.
A design or study drawn of the full size, to serve as a model for transferring or copying; -- used in the making of mosaics, tapestries, fresco pantings and the like; as, the cartoons of Raphael.
n.
One who favors or practices art as it was before Raphael; one who favors or advocates preraphaelitism.
n.
The beat of the drum to call soldiers to arms.
n.
A large spiral East Indian marine shell (Turbinella rapha); -- so called because used by native priests to hold the oil for anointing.
n.
A convulsive disease, attended with ravenous hunger, not uncommon in Sweden and Germany. It was so called because supposed to be caused by eating corn with which seeds of jointed charlock (Raphanus raphanistrum) had been mixed, but the condition is now known to be a form of ergotism.