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Polish Jewish lawyer (1900–1959)
Raphael Lemkin (Polish: Rafał Lemkin, IPA: [ˈrafaw ˈlɛmkʲin]; 24 June 1900 – 28 August 1959) was a Polish Jewish lawyer who is known for coining the term
Raphael_Lemkin
Surname list
Lemkin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Raphael Lemkin, Polish Jewish lawyer who is known for coining the term genocide Stav Lemkin
Lemkin
Multinational genocide prevention organization
The Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention (LIGP), or simply Lemkin Institute, is a multinational non-governmental organization based in the United
Lemkin_Institute
Israeli association footballer (born 2003)
Stav Lemkin (or Lamkin Hebrew: סתיו למקין; born 2 April 2003) is an Israeli professional footballer who plays as a center-back for Eredivisie club Twente
Stav_Lemkin
2007 American action thriller film by Antoine Fuqua
action thriller film directed by Antoine Fuqua and written by Jonathan Lemkin, based on the 1993 novel Point of Impact by Stephen Hunter. The film follows
Shooter_(2007_film)
American screenwriter
Jonathan Lemkin is an American screenwriter. He has written for the television series 21 Jump Street, Beverly Hills, 90210, and Hill Street Blues. He has
Jonathan_Lemkin
Intentional destruction of a people
term genocide was coined by Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin in the early 1940s. Lemkin lobbied for genocide to be outlawed by international treaty
Genocide
1997 film by Taylor Hackford
supernatural horror film directed by Taylor Hackford, written by Jonathan Lemkin and Tony Gilroy, and starring Keanu Reeves, Al Pacino and Charlize Theron
The Devil's Advocate (1997 film)
The_Devil's_Advocate_(1997_film)
Scholarly and legal definitions of genocide
include both scholarly and legal definitions of genocide. Coined by Raphael Lemkin in 1944, the word is a compound of the ancient Greek word γένος (génos,
Genocide_definitions
Elimination of indigenous inhabitants
experts, including Raphael Lemkin – who coined the term Genocide – colonialism is intimately connected with genocide. Lemkin saw genocide as a two-stage
Genocide of indigenous peoples
Genocide_of_indigenous_peoples
American scholar and non-profit founder
history of colonialism. She is the Co-Founder and Executive Director of the Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention. von Joeden-Forgey holds a Bachelor of
Elisa_von_Joeden-Forgey
2009 British-Cambodian documentary film
is a 2009 British-Cambodian documentary film written and directed by Rob Lemkin and Thet Sambath. The film depicts the 10-year quest of co-director Sambath
Enemies_of_the_People_(film)
2022 torture, rape, and killing of an Armenian soldier
Retrieved Sep 25, 2022. "Lemkin Institute: Azerbaijan is committing slow genocide against Armenians with Turkish support". Lemkin Institute. Sep 21, 2022
Killing_of_Anush_Apetyan
1998 American film directed by Richard Donner
Weapon film but a fifth as well. Screenwriter and script doctor Jonathan Lemkin, who had just done some uncredited work for them on Demolition Man (1993)
Lethal_Weapon_4
13th-century crusade against Catharism in southern France
1294–1324. London: Scolar Press. ISBN 0859674037. Lemkin, Raphael (2012). Jacobs, Steven Leonard (ed.). Lemkin on Genocide. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield
Albigensian_Crusade
Forced relocation and ethnic cleansing of the southeastern Native American tribes
in 1988. "Genocide" is a term that came into use in 1944 from Raphael Lemkin's book Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. Political scientist Michael Rogin –
Trail_of_Tears
of a people in whole or in part. The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin. It is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment
Genocides_in_history
Albanian fascist political party
Fischer 1999, pp. 21–57. Lemkin 2008, p. 99. Fischer 1999, p. 45. Elsie 2012, p. 426. Frank 2010, p. 97. Fischer 1999, pp. 45–46. Lemkin 2008, p. 102. Bideleux
Albanian_Fascist_Party
Mass displacement of Armenians from Nagorno-Karabakh by Azerbaijan
"SOS Alert - Artsakh - 2". Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention. Retrieved 15 October 2025. "SOS Alert – Artsakh". Lemkin Institute. Archived from the
Expulsion of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians
Expulsion_of_Nagorno-Karabakh_Armenians
Soviet secret police chief (1899–1953)
"Raphael Lemkin and the Question of Genocide under Communist Regimes". In Bieńczyk-Missala, Agnieszka; Dębski, Sławomir (eds.). Rafał Lemkin. PISM. pp
Lavrentiy_Beria
Iraqi army officer (1890–1937)
"victory" rally. The Simele massacre inspired Raphael Lemkin to create the concept of Genocide. In 1933, Lemkin made a presentation to the Legal Council of the
Bakr_Sidqi
Turkish Empire (c. 1299–1922)
Taylor & Francis. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-351-29499-7. Retrieved 18 January 2025. Lemkin specifically cited the Ottoman Turkish Empire to illustrate another recurring
Ottoman_Empire
Question of whether the 1932–1933 Ukraine famine constituted genocide
were killed. Lemkin highlighted that before liquidation, the Church was offered the opportunity to join the Russian Patriarchate, which Lemkin argues "indicates
Holodomor_genocide_question
2016 book by Philippe Sands
examines the lives of two Jewish lawyers, Hersch Lauterpacht and Raphael Lemkin, born within three years of each other and students in the same city on
East_West_Street
Genocide after French conquest of Algeria
survives in Lemkin's archives contains his annotations and comments. It is notable that El-Farra wrote in language that closely resembles Lemkin's-that France
Pacification_of_Algeria
Characterization of discrimination against trans people
pp. 5–6; P. 2025; Lemkin Institute 2026; Nunn 2026, pp. 196–197 Burns 2025. P. 2025. Lemkin Institute 2025a. Forbes 2025. Lemkin Institute 2025c. Rabinowitz
Transgender_genocide
wanted and ignored native institutions, rights, and customs. — Raphael Lemkin Diseases imported by Arab traders, European colonists and African porters
Atrocities in the Congo Free State
Atrocities_in_the_Congo_Free_State
Trials of Nazi German leaders
genocide, which had been recently invented by the Polish-Jewish jurist Raphael Lemkin. British prosecutor Shawcross quoted from witness testimony about a murdered
Nuremberg_trials
1944 book by Raphael Lemkin
book by Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin that is best known for introducing the concept of genocide, which Lemkin coined from the Greek word γένος (genos
Axis_Rule_in_Occupied_Europe
Causes of the 1932–33 famine in Soviet Ukraine
that entered international law with the 1948 Genocide Convention. Raphael Lemkin, the co-author of the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment
Causes_of_the_Holodomor
Extermination of ethnic identities
destruction of their culture is a crime of genocidal proportions. Raphael Lemkin, the lawyer who coined genocide in 1943 as the union of "the Greek word
Ethnocide
genocides have happened in all historical periods. Polish–Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin coined the term "genocide" in response to world events such as the Armenian
List_of_genocides
the Anti-Trans Agenda of the Trump Administration in the United States". Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention. February 14, 2025. Archived from the
Persecution of transgender people under the second Trump administration
Persecution_of_transgender_people_under_the_second_Trump_administration
Dictator of the Independent State of Croatia from 1941 to 1945
2008, p. 26. Lemkin 2008, pp. 625–26. Lemkin 2008, p. 613. Tomasevich 2001, pp. 383–84. Tomasevich 2001, pp. 382. Lemkin 2008, p. 626. Lemkin 2008, p. 255
Ante_Pavelić
indicate genocidal intent. Multiple genocide studies experts—including the Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention, Genocide Watch and others—draw attention
Intent and incitement in the Gaza genocide
Intent_and_incitement_in_the_Gaza_genocide
Connection of environmental and human destruction
peoples. Many of the scholars writing about genocide and ecocide use Raphael Lemkin's original definition of genocide. When ecological destruction is responsible
Genocide–ecocide_nexus
Overview of genocides from 2000
of a people in whole or in part. The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin. It is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment
21st-century_genocides
atrocities is, "It's all fake – and they deserve it." On December 9, 2025, the Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention accused Hillary Clinton of denial of the
Gaza_genocide_denial
1948 United Nations resolution that legally defined genocide
adequate description or legal definition. Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin, who had coined the term genocide in 1944 to describe Nazi policies in occupied
Genocide_Convention
Deliberate damage or defacement of an object or structure
Conference for Unification of Criminal Law held in Madrid in 1933, Raphael Lemkin envisaged the creation of two new international crimes (delicta juris gentium):
Vandalism
1975 film by Steven Spielberg
Archived from the original on April 27, 2014. Retrieved January 1, 2012. Lemkin 1984, pp. 277–289 Brosnan 1978, p. 99 Brosnan 1978, p. 129 Biskind 1998
Jaws_(film)
The concept was introduced by Raphael Lemkin in 1944, while the term was coined by Helen Fein in 1997. Lemkin described this process as "racial discrimination
Genocide_by_attrition
Political and military crisis on the Armenia–Azerbaijan border
President and Prime Minister of Armenia". Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention. 9 September 2023. The Lemkin Institute has been raising the alarm about
Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis (2021–present)
Armenia–Azerbaijan_border_crisis_(2021–present)
Overview of genocides from 1945
of a people in whole or in part. The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin. It is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment
Genocides in history (1946 to 1999)
Genocides_in_history_(1946_to_1999)
Genocide involving destruction of culture
lawyer Raphael Lemkin in 1944, in the same book that coined the term genocide. The destruction of culture was a central component in Lemkin's formulation
Cultural_genocide
Overview of genocides before 1914
of a people in whole or in part. The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin. It is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment
Genocides in history (before 1490)
Genocides_in_history_(before_1490)
Canadian-American anarchist (1947–2004)
Libertarian, and writing a positive review of James J. Martin's book on Raphael Lemkin, which was published by the IHR. Konkin personally rejected Holocaust denial
Samuel_Edward_Konkin_III
Israel non-profit organization
"Statement on the Evidence of Sexualized Violence Against Israeli Women During Hamas' Attack on October 7, 2023". Lemkin Institute. Retrieved 2026-05-05.
The_Civil_Commission
Eliminating groups of people for political reasons
religious identity. Raphael Lemkin personally insisted against the inclusion of political groups in the Convention. Lemkin wrote in his autobiography:
Political cleansing of population
Political_cleansing_of_population
Systematic campaign in the Ottoman Empire
Western missionaries and Armenian survivors. Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin, who coined the term genocide in 1944, became interested in war crimes after
Armenian_genocide
Book by Samantha Power
response to the Armenian genocide (Chapter 1). She next describes Raphael Lemkin's efforts to lobby for American action against Nazi atrocities in Europe
A_Problem_from_Hell
American attorney (born 1946)
Association’s Criminal Justice Section. In 2022, Coleman was named the 2022 Lemkin Rule of Law Guardian by the Bolch Judicial Institute at Duke Law School
James_Earl_Coleman
British journalist
meetings founded and sponsored by Ukrainian oligarch Victor Pinchuk. The Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention criticized Sackur for suggesting genocide
Stephen_Sackur
Academic field of study that researches genocide
Genocide became a field of study in the mid-1940s with the work of Raphael Lemkin, who coined genocide and started genocide research, and its primary subjects
Genocide_studies
Cemetery in Flushing, Queens, New York City
York City Marathon and president of the New York Road Runners Club Raphael Lemkin (1900–1959), initiator of the Genocide Convention Shifra Lerer (1915–2011)
Mount Hebron Cemetery (New York City)
Mount_Hebron_Cemetery_(New_York_City)
Comparison of genocides
genocide of Jews, and it became known in English as the Holocaust. Raphael Lemkin, who coined the term genocide to describe this category of state crime,
Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
Armenian_genocide_and_the_Holocaust
Overview of genocides from 1914 to 1945
of a people in whole or in part. The term was coined in 1944 by Raphael Lemkin. It is defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment
Genocides in history (World War I through World War II)
Genocides_in_history_(World_War_I_through_World_War_II)
United States-based human rights organization
human rights struggles of our day. In 2006, 2008, and 2010, the Raphael Lemkin Human Rights Award was presented at the North American Conferences on Judaism
T'ruah
Semi-autonomous European city-state (1920–1939)
Archived 2017-01-13 at the Wayback Machine at the Jewish Virtual Library. Lemkin, Raphael (2008). Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. The Lawbook Exchange. p. 155
Free_City_of_Danzig
Youth wing of the Albanian Fascist Party
Fischer, Bernd Jürgen. Albania at War: 1939-1945. London: Hurst, 1999. pp. 45 Lemkin, Raphael. Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of
Albanian_Lictor_Youth
Ukrainian charitable organization
Non-governmental Organizations Regional Center for Human Rights and the Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention (7 October 2023). "СOMMUNICATION PURSUANT
Save_Ukraine
American poet
The Armenian Genocide and America's Response, winner of the 2005 Raphael Lemkin Prize and a New York Times best seller (October 2003). Both prose books
Peter_Balakian
FC Twente 2025–26 football season
vier jaar bij FC Twente". NU.nl (in Dutch). 16 June 2025. "FC Twente heet Lemkin welkom: 'Direct de beste optie". VI (in Dutch). 27 June 2025. "Guilherme
2025–26_FC_Twente_season
Destruction of Indigenous Australian peoples and their cultures
Taylor, and Tony Barta. The author of the concept of genocide, Raphael Lemkin, considered Tasmania the site of one of the world's clear cases of genocide
Genocide of Indigenous Australians
Genocide_of_Indigenous_Australians
Discourse about the Gaza genocide
settler colonial mindset in Germany's institutions and organisations". The Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention wrote that German media has "abandoned
Cultural discourse about the Gaza genocide
Cultural_discourse_about_the_Gaza_genocide
2020 documentary by Rob Lemkin
African Apocalypse is a 2020 documentary film directed and produced by Rob Lemkin. It features Femi Nylander and was produced by Geoff Arbourne and David
African_Apocalypse
ISSN 1573-0751. S2CID 254425099. Short, Martin Crook, Damien (2015). "Marx, Lemkin and the genocide–ecocide nexus". Climate Change and Genocide. Routledge
Damien_Short
Major escalation of the 2021–2022 Armenia-Azerbaijan border crisis
Alert – Azerbaijan Update". Lemkin Institute. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2022. "Lemkin Institute Statement on Azerbaijan's
September 2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes
September_2022_Armenia–Azerbaijan_clashes
Framework for analyzing racism against African Americans
"Communist propaganda" before it was presented to the UN. Professor Raphael Lemkin, a Polish lawyer who had helped draft the UN Genocide Convention, said that
Black genocide in the United States
Black_genocide_in_the_United_States
1932–1933 man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine
1017/9781108767118.008. ISBN 978-1-108-48707-8. Lemkin 2010. Lemkin 2008. Serbyn, Roman. "Role of Lemkin". HREC Education. Archived from the original on
Holodomor
Geopolitical corridor
a pan-Turkic project which "will cost thousands of Armenian lives." The Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention has criticized the international community
Zangezur_corridor
American drama television series
condone violence against the police. 3 "Whattya Wanna Do Tonight?" Jonathan Lemkin Patrick Hasburgh August 23, 1990 (1990-08-23) Fopiano dates an overweight
Glory_Days_(1990_TV_series)
Ongoing genocide in the Gaza Strip
under the Genocide Convention. The original definition coined by Raphael Lemkin was broader than that used by the Genocide Convention and included cultural
Gaza_genocide
American politician and diplomat (born 1947)
that Hamas broke by their barbaric assault on peaceful civilians." The Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention has labelled public comments made by Clinton
Hillary_Clinton
Village Roadshow Pictures Antony Hoffman (director); Chuck Pfarrer, Jonathan Lemkin (screenplay); Val Kilmer, Carrie-Anne Moss, Tom Sizemore, Benjamin Bratt
List of American films of 2000
List_of_American_films_of_2000
1951 petition to the UN accusing the US government of black genocide
international attention through the worldwide communist movement. Raphael Lemkin, who invented the term "genocide" and advocated for the Genocide Convention
We_Charge_Genocide
American action-comedy media franchise
May 15, 1992 Jeffrey Boam & Robert Mark Kamen Jeffrey Boam Lethal Weapon 4 July 10, 1998 Channing Gibson Jonathan Lemkin & Alfred Gough and Miles Millar
Lethal_Weapon_(franchise)
denial. "Statement on Why We Call the Israeli Attack on Gaza Genocide". Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention. December 29, 2023. Archived from the
Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus protests during the Gaza war
Columbia_University_pro-Palestinian_campus_protests_during_the_Gaza_war
Ongoing transportation and economic embargo against Armenia
of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes to the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict" (PDF), Lemkin Institute, retrieved 2024-09-05, Prominent figures in the field of human
Turkish–Azeri blockade of Armenia
Turkish–Azeri_blockade_of_Armenia
Political movement advocating the unity of Turkic peoples
a pan-Turkic project which "will cost thousands of Armenian lives." The Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention has stated that the seizure of Armenia's
Pan-Turkism
commission of inquiry), the International Association of Genocide Scholars, the Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention, Genocide Watch, Amnesty International
List of humanitarian and human rights groups accusing Israel of genocide in Gaza
List_of_humanitarian_and_human_rights_groups_accusing_Israel_of_genocide_in_Gaza
Bruce Brown Enemies of the People 2009 Thet Sambath, Rob Lemkin Thet Sambath, Rob Lemkin Enlighten Up! 2009 Kate Churchill Kate Churchill Ennio: The
List_of_documentary_films
movement to Armenia through the corridor. Two weeks before the clashes, the Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention issued a report stating that there was
2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh
2023_Azerbaijani_offensive_in_Nagorno-Karabakh
Deprivation of liberty without regard to applicable law
Civilians of the Republic of the Artsakh by the Republic of Azerbaijan". Lemkin Institute. Retrieved 2025-07-14. Jackson, Nia; Akopian, Anahit (2023-09-12)
Arbitrary arrest and detention
Arbitrary_arrest_and_detention
2005 American film
created by the independent film group The Asylum. It was directed by Gregory Lemkin who also co-wrote the film. Inmates and guards alike become trapped in a
Shapeshifter_(film)
Jan Kucharzewski (1876–1952) Krzysztof Kwiatkowski (born 1971) Raphael Lemkin (1900–1958) Roman Longchamps de Bérier (1883–1941) Feliks Łubieński (1758–1848)
List_of_Polish_lawyers
Film series based on the G.I. Joe franchise
that the studio was in search of a new director. By July 2014, Jonathan Lemkin was hired to contribute to the script, with a plot that will focus on Roadblock
G.I._Joe_(film_series)
Israeli judge (1927–2022)
October 1997) Friend of Jerusalem Honorary Member of the University of London Lemkin Award, Los Angeles (2011) Jülich Society Prize for Tolerance (2014) Mensch
Gabriel_Bach
198. ISBN 9780521774017. Lekovic, Miso (1985). Martovski pregovori 1943. Lemkin, Raphael (2008). Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis
World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia
American lawyer (1920–2023)
2020: Inaugural recipient of the Bolch Judicial Institute of Duke Law's Lemkin Medal 2021: Honorary Doctorate awarded by the faculty of law of the University
Ben_Ferencz
View that all Muslims constitution a single nation
Alert for Syria: Genocidal Sectarian Violence against Alawites | Lemkin Institute". Lemkin Institute. Archived from the original on 12 March 2025. Michael
Islamic_nationalism
Region of German-occupied Yugoslavia (1941–1944)
signatories. Two sources mention a much lower figure of 307 signatories. Lemkin 2008, p. 248. Tomasevich 2001, pp. 175–177. Tomasevich 2001, p. 64. MacDonald
Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia
Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia
Spanish labour system in its colonies
ownership became more profitable than acquisition of forced labour. Raphael Lemkin (coiner of the term genocide) considered Spain's abuses of the native population
Encomienda
Armenian revolutionary and assassin (1896–1960)
cypress trees. His trial for murder influenced Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin, who later reflected on the trial, "Tehlirian acted as the self-appointed
Soghomon_Tehlirian
Historical chronology of acts of terrorism
ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2024-09-19. Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention [@LemkinInstitute] (19 September 2024). "The @LemkinInstitute condemns Israel's terrorist
Terrorism_in_Lebanon
Jewish nationalist movement
Haifa; Short, Damien (2012). "Genocide and settler colonialism: can a Lemkin-inspired genocide perspective aid our understanding of the Palestinian situation
Zionism
British conservative think tank
Griffiths 1952–53 James Lemkin (first term) 1953–54 Richard Stone 1954–55 Robin Williams 1955–56 Geoffrey Howe 1956–58[A] James Lemkin (second term) 1958–59
Bow_Group
City in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine
international law the concept of the crime against humanity and Raphael Lemkin that of genocide. Both men lived and studied in Lviv. Lviv's architectural
Lviv
"slow-motion genocide". This is in line with Uğur Ümit Üngör's application of Lemkin's description of genocide as the "imposition of the national pattern" as
Palestinian genocide allegations
Palestinian_genocide_allegations
World War II war crimes in Yugoslavia
Pavlowitch 2007, p. 49. Tomasevich 2001, pp. 63–64. Lemkin 2008, pp. 251–252. Tomasevich 2001, p. 272. Lemkin 2008, pp. 261–262. Tomasevich 2001, p. 62. Ungváry
Novi_Sad_raid
LEMKIN
LEMKIN
LEMKIN
LEMKIN
Girl/Female
Hindu
Girl/Female
Arabic
Heavenly Smell
Male
French
Old Norman French surname transferred to forename use, derived from the place name Saute-Chevreuil, SACHEVERELL means "roe-buck leap."
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
A Star
Girl/Female
Tamil
Holy one, Peace
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Happiness
Boy/Male
Hindu
Morning, Dawn
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Purity; Holiness; Perfect Knowledge
Girl/Female
Swedish Hebrew
Lamb.
Girl/Female
Hebrew American
Ewe. Rachel was the second and favoured wife of Jacob in the Old Testament.
LEMKIN
LEMKIN
LEMKIN
LEMKIN
LEMKIN