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Variable used in place of another variable
In statistics, a proxy or proxy variable is a variable that serves in place of an unobservable or immeasurable variable, while not being otherwise relevant
Proxy_(statistics)
Computer system that receives and forwards requests
In computer networking, a proxy server is a intermediary server application between a client requesting a resource and the server then providing that
Proxy_server
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up proxy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Proxy or proxies may refer to: Proxy, a mysterious humanoid lifeform in the anime Ergo Proxy PROXY, a holodroid
Proxy
Behavioral disorder (Munchausen syndrome by proxy)
(FII) or medical child abuse, and originally named Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSbP) after Munchausen syndrome, is a mental health disorder in which a
Factitious disorder imposed on another
Factitious_disorder_imposed_on_another
Adage about perverse incentives
(social theory) – Circular relationships between cause and effect Proxy (statistics) – Variable used in place of another variable Observer effect (physics) –
Campbell's_law
Open source web server and a reverse proxy server
NGINX) is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy and HTTP cache. The software was created by Russian developer
Nginx
HTTP accelerator software
Vinyl Cache, formerly Varnish Cache, is a reverse caching proxy used as HTTP accelerator for content-heavy dynamic web sites as well as APIs. In contrast
Vinyl_Cache
Variables that are measurable, whether directly or indirectly
Partial least squares path modeling Partial least squares regression Proxy (statistics) Rasch model Structural equation modeling Dodge, Y. (2003) The Oxford
Latent and observable variables
Latent_and_observable_variables
hazards models Proportional reduction in loss Prosecutor's fallacy Proxy (statistics) Psephology Pseudo-determinant Pseudo-random number sampling Pseudocount
List_of_statistics_articles
Entity not directly observable by humans
falls in a forest Logical positivism Object of the mind Phenomenology Proxy (statistics), for an unobservable variable Rationalism Unobservable chaos Unphysical
Unobservable
Part of the process of research design
to operationalize the conceptual framework (measure the concepts). Proxy (statistics) Antonio Damasio (1999) The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion
Operationalization
Application layer protocol
resources and reuse them, whenever possible, to reduce network traffic. HTTP proxy servers at private network boundaries can facilitate communication for clients
HTTP
with its associated peak wind speed. Hebert-Poteat technique Proxy (climate) Proxy (statistics) Saffir–Simpson scale Knaff, John A.; Zehr, Raymond M. (February
Pressure-wind relationship calculations for tropical cyclones
Pressure-wind_relationship_calculations_for_tropical_cyclones
Professional Twenty20 cricket league in India
charges of conflict of interest and allegations that Pushkar was acting as a proxy for him. Tharoor married Pushkar in August later that year. In April 2010
Indian_Premier_League
2026 armed conflict in West Asia
air force due to sanctions. Starting in the 1980s, Iran began engaging in proxy conflicts throughout the Middle East. Iran backed Hezbollah in Lebanon against
2026_Iran_war
comparable at the international level. UNODC uses the homicide rate as a proxy for overall violence, as this type of crime is one of the most accurately
List of countries by intentional homicide rate
List_of_countries_by_intentional_homicide_rate
Country in West Asia
sparking the eight-year-long Iran–Iraq War. Iran has since been involved in proxy wars with Israel and Saudi Arabia; in 2025, Israeli strikes on Iran escalated
Iran
Web browser developed by Google
Archived from the original on June 24, 2013. Retrieved April 8, 2012. "SPDY Proxy Examples – The Chromium Projects". chromium.org. Archived from the original
Google_Chrome
Country in West Asia
shifted from the traditional Arab–Israeli conflict towards the Iran–Israel proxy conflict and direct confrontation with Iran during the Syrian civil war
Israel
population (per capita). Gross domestic product per capita is often used as a proxy indicator of a country's standard of living; however, this is inaccurate
List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita
1947–1991 geopolitical rivalry between US and USSR
superpowers, though each supported opposing sides in regional conflicts known as proxy wars. In addition to the struggle for ideological and economic influence
Cold_War
Global conflict (1939–1945)
fought against the Nationalists. Both Germany and the Soviet Union used this proxy war as an opportunity to test in combat their most advanced weapons and
World_War_II
American attorney and politician (born 1965)
and entities providing support or financing to Hamas, related Iranian proxies, and affiliates. Following the United States government group chat leak
Pam_Bondi
Applied economics theory
latter typically use 12 years of education as a proxy for a high school diploma and 16 years as a proxy for a Bachelor's degree. A review of a quarter
Sheepskin_effect
Sexual abuse compliance method
mutilation Money marriage Rape Campus Date Drug-assisted Gray Marital Prison By proxy Statutory Of males Raptio Revenge porn Sex trafficking Sexual assault Sexual
Sexual_grooming
Commercial service for proxied Internet access
A virtual private network (VPN) service is a proxy server marketed to help users bypass Internet censorship such as geo-blocking and users who want to
VPN_service
American politician (born 1952)
the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi, saying: "Saudi Arabia is fighting a proxy war against Iran in Yemen, and an overreaction, in my view, would mean that
John_Cornyn
Prime Minister of Israel (1996–1999; 2009–2021; 2022–present)
north-eastern Syria and warned against ethnic cleansing of Kurds by Turkey and its proxies. Netanyahu has close ties with the congressional leadership of the U.S
Benjamin_Netanyahu
Phase since 2022 of war ongoing since 2014
Ukraine, issuing denials up until the day before the invasion. Russia's proxy forces launched thousands of attacks on Ukrainian troops in the Donbas.
Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)
American multinational technology conglomerate
on February 23, 2018. Retrieved October 26, 2018. "Amazon.com, Inc. 2026 Proxy Statement". US Securities and Exchange Commission. April 9, 2026. Retrieved
Amazon_(company)
American politician and military officer (born 1981)
was a campaign to destroy her reputation, orchestrated by Clinton via proxies in media and the war machine. In January 2020, Gabbard filed a legal defamation
Tulsi_Gabbard
contains most of the major global tax havens (see GDP-per-capita tax haven proxy for more detail): Big Mac Index – Economic index published by The Economist
List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita
List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita
1955–1975 war in Southeast Asia
anti-communist nations. The conflict was the second of the Indochina wars and a proxy war of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and US. The Vietnam War was
Vietnam_War
Type of statistical variable
differentiate two types of bad controls: a simple bad-control scenario and proxy-control scenario where the included variable partially controls for omitted
Bad_control
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
in 1955. With little direct combat, the blocs engaged in ideological and proxy wars. In 1953, following Stalin's death, Nikita Khrushchev initiated a campaign
Soviet_Union
Year Number killed by use of firearms (official statistics) Number killed by any means (counted)[clarification needed] Number of shots fired on persons
List of killings by law enforcement officers in pre-reunification Germany
List_of_killings_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_pre-reunification_Germany
Global climate phenomenon
Kwang-Yul Kim (2011). "Statistical simulations of the future 50-year statistics of cold-tongue El Niño and warm-pool El Niño". Asia-Pacific J. Atmos.
El_Niño–Southern_Oscillation
Island and region in Indonesia
East Indies. During the short-lived Daendels administration, as French proxy rule on Java, the construction of the Great Post Road was commenced in 1808
Java
German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
Retrieved 1 December 2017.. Shine, Cormac (2018). "Papal Diplomacy by Proxy? Catholic Internationalism at the League of Nations' International Committee
Albert_Einstein
Act of killing one's wife or girlfriend
70% of the total spouse murders in the United States, data not including proxy murders conducted on behalf of the wife. FBI data from the mid-1970s to
Uxoricide
2001 terror attacks in the U.S.
"black sites", covert prisons operated by the CIA. The term "torture by proxy" is used by some critics to describe situations in which the CIA and other
September_11_attacks
Email service provided by Google
visible without user approval. Images are now routed through Google's secure proxy servers rather than the original external host servers. MarketingLand noted
Gmail
2025 war in West Asia
agreed to a ceasefire under US pressure. The war followed a decades-long proxy conflict in which Iran supported an Axis of Resistance against Israeli and
Twelve-Day_War
net migration (immigration to the country minus emigration from it: as proxied by net changes in the stock of foreign-born residents). The chart (above
United States immigration statistics
United_States_immigration_statistics
The demographics of Israel, monitored by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, encompass various attributes that define the nation's populace. Since
Demographics_of_Israel
the United States and the Soviet Union. The Korean War began in 1950 as a proxy war between the two countries following the invasion of South Korea. As
History of the United States government
History_of_the_United_States_government
children of a divorced mother on the grounds of Münchhausen syndrome by proxy and parental alienation syndrome, was heavily publicized by parents associations
Autism_in_France
Country in South Asia
with both Iran and Saudi Arabia using Pakistan as a battleground for their proxy sectarian war. Since the early days of the Iran–Iraq war, President Zia-ul-Haq
Pakistan
British socialite and child sex trafficker (born 1961)
criminal scheme, Ms Maxwell is not being punished in place of Epstein or as a proxy for Epstein. Like every other participant in a multi-defendant case, Ms
Ghislaine_Maxwell
Free and open-source anonymity network based on onion routing
Firefox ESR web browser, the TorButton, TorLauncher, NoScript and the Tor proxy. Users can run the Tor Browser from removable media. It can operate under
Tor_(network)
Extension of a private network across a public one
Society. Retrieved 7 July 2025. Edwards, David (21 July 2022). "Key VPN Statistics: What Are the Numbers Telling Us?". Robotics & Automation News. Retrieved
Virtual_private_network
Country in Central Africa
Neighboring countries have been accused of arming rebel groups and using them as proxies to gain control of the resource-rich country. In March 2013, the United
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
2023 armed incursions and massacres in Israel
individuals and entities providing support or financing to Hamas, Iranian-linked proxy groups, and affiliates. It also addresses acts of antisemitism linked to
October_7_attacks
Grouping a set of objects by similarity
explicitly use attributes like race or gender). Unfairness often occurs through proxy variables. For instance, even if a dataset is stripped of race, a clustering
Cluster_analysis
2024 action role-playing game
role of a Proxy, a for-hire guide who provides mapping and direction within supernatural disaster zones known as Hollows. The selected Proxy will interact
Zenless_Zone_Zero
All procedures for the numerical representation of empirical facts
this way, the proxy record (tree ring width, say) only reconstructs a certain amount of the variance of the original record. The proxy may be calibrated
Quantitative_research
Specification for persistent identifiers of Internet resources
Proxy servers known to CNRI, passing requests to the system on the Web, receive (on average) 200 million resolution requests per month. (Statistics from
Handle_System
Continent
absorbed by others. Yet international conflicts have played out by support for proxy armies or rebel movements. Many states have experienced civil wars: including
Africa
Country in West Asia
revolutionary uprisings in neighbouring countries. It has engaged in a proxy conflict with Iran since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, which had called for
Saudi_Arabia
Territorial conflict in South Asia
region. The Government of India has repeatedly accused Pakistan of waging a proxy war in Kashmir by providing weapons and financial assistance to terrorist
Kashmir_conflict
Armed conflict in the Gaza Strip
from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2014. "Statistics: Victims of the Israeli Offensive on Gaza since 8 July 2014". Pchrgaza
2014_Gaza_War
2021–2025 U.S. presidential administration
to revive the 2015 nuclear agreement amid sanctions, cyberattacks, and proxy conflicts. U.S. officials sought a return to the JCPOA, but Vienna talks
Presidency_of_Joe_Biden
1960s–1998 conflict in Northern Ireland
Inquiries found that elements of the security forces had used loyalists as "proxies" who, via double-agents and informers, had helped loyalist groups to kill
The_Troubles
President of the United States from 1961 to 1963
dominated by American confrontations with the Soviet Union, manifested by proxy contests in the global state of tension known as the Cold War. Like his
John_F._Kennedy
Form of murder
Contract killing, sometimes known as murder-for-hire, is a form of murder or assassination in which one party employs another party to extrajudicially
Contract_killing
Ongoing armed conflict in South Asia
would remain continued, against Afghan Taliban regime and it's terrorist proxies, continuing to target their hideouts and infrastructure. After the statement
2026_Afghanistan–Pakistan_war
Open-source webmail application written in PHP
Proxy home page". Retrieved 15 November 2010. "SquirrelMail released PHP8 support". DirectAdmin Forums. Retrieved 10 March 2026. "Project Statistics for
SquirrelMail
a world war online." According to the NYT, Russia, China, Iran and its proxies used state media and covert influence campaigns on social media networks
Misinformation in the Gaza war
Misinformation_in_the_Gaza_war
Rebel group in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
RDF and FARDC, the ceasefire soon saw a resumption of conflict involving proxy forces such as M23 and Wazalendo alongside the FDLR. During a period of
March_23_Movement
American social news and discussion site
than on other websites, often using tools like ad-blocking software and proxies, and they dislike "feeling manipulated by brands" but respond well to "content
2011. Saudi Arabia directs all international Internet traffic through a proxy run by the CITC. Content filtering is implemented there using software by
Internet censorship and surveillance in Asia
Internet_censorship_and_surveillance_in_Asia
Civil conflict over control of Port-au-Prince
the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022. "United Nations statistics underscore 'extreme brutality' of Haiti's gangs". al-Jazeera. 19 August
Haitian_conflict
War. Allen Lane. ISBN 9780713995923. "TWO THOUSAND YEARS OF ECONOMIC STATISTICS; WORLD POPULATION, GDP AND PPP" (PDF). Hittell, John Shertzer (25 April
List_of_wars_by_death_toll
Open-source web server
Tengine is an open-source web server and reverse proxy software, developed as a feature-enhanced distribution (fork) of nginx. It was originated by Taobao
Tengine
Bringing out of the country the remainder of enriched uranium Stop supporting proxy forces existing in the region Stop enriching uranium inside Iran There has
Reactions to the 2025–2026 Iranian protests
Reactions_to_the_2025–2026_Iranian_protests
HTTP extension supporting TLS encryption
Archived from the original on 2018-11-14. Retrieved 2018-10-20. "Usage Statistics of Default protocol https for Websites, July 2019". w3techs.com. Archived
HTTPS
Swedish footballer (born 1981)
organizational matters, with RedBird's head Gerry Cardinale stating him to be his "proxy" at the club. He served as one of the analysts alongside Alexi Lalas and
Zlatan_Ibrahimović
People in Sweden who identify as Bosniaks
parents’ country of birth. As a proxy for people with background in Bosnia and Herzegovina (all ethnic groups), Statistics Sweden reported 100,017 people
Bosniaks_in_Sweden
TCP/IP application layer protocol
citizens. Bortzmeyer, Stéphane. "Statistics on the Gemini space" Archived 2021-02-11 at the Wayback Machine. Proxied gemini://gemini.bortzmeyer.org/software/lupa/stats
Gemini_(protocol)
1920–1945 Soviet intelligence operation
Manchuria/Manchukuo and China proper). These operations relied on "false fronts" not proxy organizations. In 1930, the Soviets had also operated a fake Japanese agent
Maki_Mirage
American technology company
domain registration. The company's services act primarily as a reverse proxy between website visitors and a customer's hosting provider, improving performance
Cloudflare
British prince (born 1984)
denied that any payments were made unlawfully to a public official or a proxy and described the claims as "a smear campaign by unknown bad actors." Wootton
Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex
Computer network management and monitoring protocol
SNMPv1/v2c coexistence strategies: proxy agents and bilingual network-management systems. An SNMPv2 agent can act as a proxy agent on behalf of SNMPv1-managed
Simple Network Management Protocol
Simple_Network_Management_Protocol
saying she'll see the class next week or tomorrow, and thanks them, and by proxy, the audience for coming. You Are So Not Invited to My Bat Mitzvah Stacy
List of films with post-credits scenes
List_of_films_with_post-credits_scenes
1950–1953 conflict in Korean Peninsula
Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2007. The Statistics of the Korean War - ROK Ministry of National Defense Institute for Military
Korean_War
Brazilian footballer (born 1991)
sold him to the investors, using Uruguayan club Deportivo Maldonado as a proxy to hold the registration rights. According to Atletico Paranaense's 2010
Alex_Sandro
Hezbollah, which is responsible for delivering weapons from Iran and its proxies to Lebanon, through Syria and Iraq. The Gaza Health Ministry reported that
Timeline of the Gaza war (17 October 2024 – 26 November 2024)
Timeline_of_the_Gaza_war_(17_October_2024_–_26_November_2024)
Relative market adoption of operating systems
usage data in the following table. According to StatCounter web use statistics (a proxy for all use), smartphones are more popular than desktop computers
Usage share of operating systems
Usage_share_of_operating_systems
of population, economic size, and political ranking. It has now become a proxy for demographic and social segmentation in China, especially relevant to
List_of_cities_in_China
King of Spain (r. 1700–1724; 1724–1746)
Adélaïde of Savoy, Duchess of Burgundy, Philip's sister-in-law. There was a proxy ceremony at Turin, the capital of the Duchy of Savoy, and another one at
Philip_V_of_Spain
American actor and filmmaker (1925–2008)
character Sidney J. Mussburger in the Coen brothers comedy The Hudsucker Proxy, which received mixed reviews. Also that year, he acted in Robert Benton's
Paul_Newman
June 16, 2024. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Statistics Division (2017). "FAOstats Food Supply - Crops Primary Equivalent". FAO
List of common misconceptions about science, technology, and mathematics
List_of_common_misconceptions_about_science,_technology,_and_mathematics
Ice hockey statistics
teams will ultimately regress toward a sum of 100, is often viewed as a proxy for how lucky a team is. According to Wilson, a player or team with a PDO
Analytics_in_ice_hockey
Computer providing a central resource or service
Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2020-02-08. "Usage statistics and market share of Linux for websites". Retrieved 18 Jan 2013. "Server
Server_(computing)
Portuguese ISP's were ordered to block The Pirate Bay and many of its proxies by a court order, following the European trend, after a lawsuit brought
Internet censorship and surveillance in Europe
Internet_censorship_and_surveillance_in_Europe
Syrian territory occupied by Israel since 1967
the region is necessary to defend against threats from Syria and Iranian proxy groups. It maintains that it may retain the area, as the text of Resolution
Golan_Heights
Committing murder and suicide
which are later followed by suicide often make headline news; national statistics indicate 5% of all homicidal deaths are caused by murder–suicides. The
Murder–suicide
Machine learning technique
curated outputs. This reduces potential misalignment risks introduced by proxy objectives or reward hacking. By directly optimizing for the behavior preferred
Reinforcement learning from human feedback
Reinforcement_learning_from_human_feedback
Killing of a human by another human
National Center for Health Statistics. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. New Hampshire. National Center for Health Statistics. Centers for Disease
Homicide
Hypothetical Solar System planet
predictions made for Planet Nine's semi-major axis and it may serve as a proxy for Planet Nine that helps explain how such planetary orbits evolve, although
Planet_Nine
PROXY STATISTICS
PROXY STATISTICS
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Roxie, ROXY means "dawn."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.French : habitational name from a place so named in Jura.
Girl/Female
Persian American
Dawn; bright.
Girl/Female
Australian, Christian, Farsi
Dawn
PROXY STATISTICS
PROXY STATISTICS
Boy/Male
Indian
Lofty or exalted, A prophets name (Aaron)
Boy/Male
Hindu
The scriptures, Vedic method of self realization, Knower of the Vedas, One who knows all, Hindu philosophy or ultimate wisdom, King of all
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
A Lion; Very Strong
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
The Tragedy of Macbeth' Banquo's son.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Mrunmayi | மரநà¯à®®à®¯à¯€
Goddess Sita
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a habitational name from Radbourn in Warwickshire or Radbourne in Derbyshire, both of which get their names from Old English hrēod ‘reeds’ (a collective singular) + burna ‘stream’.
Boy/Male
British, English
Very Brilliant
Girl/Female
Tamil
Gift, Donation
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, English, French, German, Greek, Jamaican, Latin
The Laurel Tree; Sweet Bay Tree Symbolic of Honor and Victory; Laurel; Man from Laurentium; Crowned with Laurel; Of Laurentum; Crowned with Lau
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.
PROXY STATISTICS
PROXY STATISTICS
PROXY STATISTICS
PROXY STATISTICS
PROXY STATISTICS
superl.
Dull and tedious in discourse or writing; prosaic.
a.
Dull; uninteresting; commonplace; unimaginative; prosy; as, a prosaic person.
n.
A substitute; a proxy; an agent.
n.
Authority to act for another; a proxy.
adv.
In a prosy manner.
n.
The quality or state of being prosy; tediousness; tiresomeness.
n.
The written appointment of a proctor in suits in the ecclesiastical courts.
n.
The person who is substituted or deputed to act or vote for another.
n.
"The ticket or list of candidates at elections, presented to the people for their votes."
n.
See Procuration.
superl.
Of or pertaining to prose; like prose.
pl.
of Proxy
n.
The office or agency of a proxy.
n.
Writing prose; speaking or writing in a tedious or prosy manner.
v. i.
To act or vote by proxy; to do anything by the agency of another.
n.
The instrument by which a person is empowered to transact the affairs of another; a proxy.
n.
A writing by which one person authorizes another to vote in his stead, as in a corporation meeting.
v. t.
To perform by proxy; to employ as a proxy.
v. t.
To write or repeat in a dull, tedious, or prosy way.
n.
The agency for another who acts through the agent; authority to act for another, esp. to vote in a legislative or corporate capacity.