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Class of biomolecules regulating inflammatory response
In molecular biology, prostanoids are active lipid mediators that regulate inflammatory response. Prostanoids are a subclass of eicosanoids consisting
Prostanoid
Class of compounds
forming PGH2. PGH2 is the parent prostanoid to all other prostanoids. It is metabolized by (see diagram in Prostanoid): a) The prostaglandin E synthase
Eicosanoid
Cell surface receptor
Prostaglandin receptors or prostanoid receptors represent a sub-class of cell surface membrane receptors that are regarded as the primary receptors for
Prostaglandin_receptor
Group of physiologically active lipid compounds
hormone-like effects in animals. They are a subclass of eicosanoids and of the prostanoid class of fatty acid derivatives. Prostaglandins have been found in almost
Prostaglandin
Integral membrane protein G protein-coupled receptor
proliferation of various human cancer cell lines in culture. Prostanoids and Prostaglandin receptors Prostanoids are prostaglandins (PG), thromboxanes (TX), and prostacyclins
Eicosanoid_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
but generally with lesser affinity and responsiveness to certain other prostanoids (see Prostaglandin receptors). Animal model studies have implicated EP1
Prostaglandin_EP1_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and also, but with lesser affinity and responsiveness, certain other prostanoids (see Prostaglandin receptors). EP has been implicated in various physiological
Prostaglandin_EP2_receptor
Chemical compound
Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α in prostanoid nomenclature), pharmaceutically termed dinoprost, is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used in medicine to induce
Prostaglandin_F2alpha
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
The thromboxane receptor (TP) also known as the prostanoid TP receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBXA2R gene, The thromboxane receptor
Thromboxane_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
lesser extent PGE2 at concentrations close to those of PGF2α. Standard prostanoids have the following relative efficacies as receptor ligands in binding
Prostaglandin_F_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
but generally with lesser affinity and responsiveness, certain other prostanoids (see Prostaglandin receptors). EP4 has been implicated in various physiological
Prostaglandin_EP4_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and DP2. Among the 8 human prostanoid receptors, DP1, along with IP, EP2, and EP4, are classified as relaxant prostanoid receptors; each, including DP1
Prostaglandin_DP1_receptor
Chemical compound
increases body temperature, resulting in fever. PGE2 is also a predominant prostanoid that contributes to inflammation via enhancing edema and leukocyte infiltration
Prostaglandin_E2
Chemical compound
03.005. ISSN 0049-0172. Hirata, Takako; Narumiya, Shuh (2011-08-05). "Prostanoid Receptors". ACS Publications. doi:10.1021/cr200010h. Retrieved 2025-11-16
Prostaglandin_H2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
but generally with lesser affinity and responsiveness, certain other prostanoids (see Prostaglandin receptors). EP has been implicated in various physiological
Prostaglandin_EP3_receptor
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
García Rodríguez LA (July 2001). "Cyclooxygenase-selective inhibition of prostanoid formation: transducing biochemical selectivity into clinical read-outs"
Diclofenac
Pharmaceutical drug
inhibitor of thromboxane synthase and an antagonist of the thromboxane prostanoid receptor. It was developed for diabetic nephropathy. Kim, Yoon Kook; Ning
SER150
Chemical compound
Fukano Y, Kawazu K (August 2009). "Disposition and metabolism of a novel prostanoid antiglaucoma medication, tafluprost, following ocular administration to
Tafluprost
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
the vascular network on endothelium and smooth muscle cells. Standard prostanoids have the following relative efficacies as receptor ligands in binding
Prostacyclin_receptor
COX-2 selective NSAID medication
Cen L, Propert KJ, Fitzgerald GA (June 2012). "Comparative impact on prostanoid biosynthesis of celecoxib and the novel nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
Polmacoxib
Enzyme found in humans
I2 (prostacyclin) synthase (PTGIS) or CYP8A1 is an enzyme involved in prostanoid biosynthesis that in humans is encoded by the PTGIS gene. This enzyme
Prostacyclin_synthase
Enzyme involved in prostanoid synthesis
SM, Brahim JS, Rowan J, Kent A, Dionne RA (August 2002). "Peripheral prostanoid levels and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug analgesia: replicate clinical
Cyclooxygenase-3
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Ibuprofen
Class of enzymes
family of isozymes, EC 1.14.99.1) that is responsible for biosynthesis of prostanoids, including thromboxane and prostaglandins such as prostacyclin, from
Cyclooxygenase
Medication used in asthma or COPD
Diacylglycerol Arachidonic acid 5-HPETE (arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide) Leukotriene A4 See also Receptor/signaling modulators Prostanoid signaling modulators
Montelukast
Chemical compound
Sharif NA, Odani-Kawabata N, Lu F, Pinchuk L (April 2023). "FP and EP2 prostanoid receptor agonist drugs and aqueous humor outflow devices for treating
Sepetaprost
ibuprofen and nabumetone on cyclooxygenase-1- and cyclooxygenase-2-mediated prostanoid production in healthy volunteers ex vivo". Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
Mechanism of action of aspirin
Mechanism_of_action_of_aspirin
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
and modifies the enzymatic activity of COX-2. COX-2 normally produces prostanoids, most of which are proinflammatory. Aspirin-modified COX-2 (aka
Aspirin
Component of blood aiding in coagulation
conformational change and degranulation. Endothelial prostacyclin binds to prostanoid receptors on the surface of resting platelets. This event stimulates the
Platelet
Class of therapeutic drug for relieving pain and inflammation
by inhibiting the enzyme COX, which causes the general inhibition of prostanoid biosynthesis (PGE2) within the hypothalamus. PGE2 signals to the hypothalamus
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug
Anti-inflammatory medication
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Mesalazine
Topics referred to by the same term
propionate, an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication Thromboxane prostanoid receptor, a protein found in humans and other mammals Thymidine phosphorylase
TP
Chemical element with atomic number 34 (Se)
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Selenium
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Naproxen
Chemical compound
(prostaglandin I2) in eicosanoid nomenclature, and is a member of the prostanoids (together with the prostaglandins and thromboxane). PGI2, derived primarily
Prostacyclin
Chemical compound
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Mefenamic_acid
Drug discovery
intermediate prostaglandin H2, which is the precursor of a variety of prostanoids with diverse and potent biological actions. Cyclooxygenases have two
Discovery and development of cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors
Discovery_and_development_of_cyclooxygenase_2_inhibitors
American nurse scientist and physiologist (1956–2023)
of Dietary Alpha-or-Gamma-Linolenic Acid on Fatty Acid Composition and Prostanoid Metabolism in Rat Aorta and Platelets Following Ethanol Exposure. Her
Marguerite_M._Engler
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Celecoxib
Chemical compound used in medicines and industry
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Salicylic_acid
Chemical compound
lead to uterine rupture, which requires immediate emergency surgery. Prostanoids, including alprostadil, do not reduce the risk of limb amputation but
Prostaglandin_E1
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Carprofen
Pharmaceutical compound
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Finasteride/latanoprost/minoxidil
Finasteride/latanoprost/minoxidil
Principal curcuminoid of turmeric
Diacylglycerol Arachidonic acid 5-HPETE (arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide) Leukotriene A4 See also Receptor/signaling modulators Prostanoid signaling modulators
Curcumin
Medical treatment to prevent clotting within blood vessels
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Thrombosis_prevention
Chemical compound C6H5NHC(O)CH3
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Acetanilide
Chemical compound
000 nM) for various other receptors (β1- and β2-adrenergic, adenosine, GABA, glutamate, glycine, nicotinic acetylcholine, opioid, prostanoid). Sources:
Cabergoline
Organ that connects the fetus to the uterine wall
fetal and maternal blood occurs ("placental barrier"). Endothelin and prostanoids cause vasoconstriction in placental arteries, while nitric oxide causes
Placenta
Substance having effect(s) on the body of an individual
Eicosanoids: Cannabinoid receptor modulators Leukotriene signaling modulators Prostanoid signaling modulators Phospholipids: Lysophospholipid signaling modulators
Drug
Chemical compound
DJ, Cattaneo M, Sakariassen KS (2014). "Impact of vascular thromboxane prostanoid receptor activation on hemostasis, thrombosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation"
Terbogrel
Ester of salicylic acid
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Methyl_salicylate
Polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Linoleic_acid
Class of cell surface receptors coupled to G-protein-associated intracellular signaling
effect); chemokines; lipid mediators of inflammation (e.g., prostaglandins, prostanoids, platelet-activating factor, and leukotrienes); peptide hormones (e.g
G_protein-coupled_receptor
Medication for pain and fever
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Paracetamol
Substance with biological function
Eicosanoids: Cannabinoid receptor modulators Leukotriene signaling modulators Prostanoid signaling modulators Phospholipids: Lysophospholipid signaling modulators
Steroid_hormone
Increased blood pressure in lung arteries
hypertension) should not routinely be treated with vasoactive agents including prostanoids, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, or endothelin antagonists, as these are
Pulmonary_hypertension
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID; analgesic)
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Ketorolac
Serbian American scientist (1933–2014)
8, 2011. "Pharmacological treatments for sleep disorders (apnoe) with prostanoid receptor antagonists", Inventors: David W. Carley and Miodrag Radulovacki
Miodrag_Radulovacki
Specialised cell type located inside joints in the synovium
of pro-inflammatory signalling molecules, especially Il-6 and IL-8, prostanoids and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which may directly affect other
Fibroblast-like_synoviocyte
Polyphenol with a stilbene skeleton
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Resveratrol
NSAID analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Nabumetone
Circulatory system of fetuses
fetus at 10 weeks, and 33% at 20 weeks of gestation. Endothelin and prostanoids cause vasoconstriction in placental arteries, while nitric oxide causes
Fetal_circulation
Fatty acid used metabolically in many organisms
5-hydroperoxide) Leukotriene A4 See also Receptor/signaling modulators Prostanoid signaling modulators v t e PPARTooltip Peroxisome proliferator-activated
Arachidonic_acid
Biological process in primates
transactivates the epidermal growth factor receptor through specific E-prostanoid receptors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme". Cell. Signal
Breast_development
NSAID analgesic veterinary drug
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Flunixin
Medication to induce abortion and treat ulcers
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Misoprostol
Anti-inflammatory drug
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Indometacin
Antihypertensive drug of the ACE inhibitor class
Diacylglycerol Arachidonic acid 5-HPETE (arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide) Leukotriene A4 See also Receptor/signaling modulators Prostanoid signaling modulators
Captopril
Anti-inflammatory drug
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Nimesulide
Protein
Eicosanoids: Cannabinoid receptor modulators Leukotriene signaling modulators Prostanoid signaling modulators Phospholipids: Lysophospholipid signaling modulators
Nuclear_receptor
NSAID analgesic medication
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Lornoxicam
Chemical compound
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Fenamic_acid
Chemical compound
Diacylglycerol Arachidonic acid 5-HPETE (arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide) Leukotriene A4 See also Receptor/signaling modulators Prostanoid signaling modulators
Caffeic_acid
COX-2 selective NSAID medication
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Etoricoxib
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Etodolac blocks the cyclooxygenase (abbrev. COX) enzymes which form prostanoids, resulting in lower concentrations of prostaglandins. As a consequence
Etodolac
Burning of the skin by the sun's radiation
Sunburn causes an inflammation process that includes the production of prostanoids and bradykinin. These chemical compounds increase sensitivity to heat
Sunburn
Flowering plant in the St John's wort family
5-hydroperoxide) Leukotriene A4 See also Receptor/signaling modulators Prostanoid signaling modulators v t e Sigma receptor modulators σ1 Agonists: 3-PPP
Hypericum_perforatum
Redistribution of alkyne chemical bonds
For example, RCAM can serve as key step in total synthesis of marine prostanoid hybridalactone, where epoxide, internal olefin and ester are tolerated
Alkyne_metathesis
Chemical compound
adrenergic, angiotensin II, endothelin, glutamate, histamine, muscarinic, or prostanoid variety. This lack of affinity also applies to Ca2+ and K+ channels, carbonic
Ripasudil
Chemical interactions
sequences for EPA (20:5 ω-3) and DGLA (20:3 ω-6) are analogous. All prostanoids are substituted prostanoic acids. Cyberlipid Center's Prostenoid page
Essential fatty acid interactions
Essential_fatty_acid_interactions
Group of autoimmune diseases resulting in abnormal growth of connective tissue
endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, and prostanoids Gastrooesophageal reflux disease with antacids or prokinetics Kidney
Scleroderma
Chemical compound
Diacylglycerol Arachidonic acid 5-HPETE (arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide) Leukotriene A4 See also Receptor/signaling modulators Prostanoid signaling modulators
12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid
12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic_acid
Hydrocarbon compound made of a 5-carbon chain with two single and two double bonds
used by the plant. Cyclooxygenases ("COX") are enzymes that generate prostanoids, including thromboxane and prostaglandins such as prostacyclin. Aspirin
Pentadiene
Chemical compound
Diacylglycerol Arachidonic acid 5-HPETE (arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide) Leukotriene A4 See also Receptor/signaling modulators Prostanoid signaling modulators
Azelastine
Mixture of selenium sulfides
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Selenium_disulfide
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Rofecoxib
Processes which cause hypopnea
including nicotine, capsaicin, bradykinin, atrial natriuretic peptide, prostanoids, nitrovasodilators, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonists
Bezold–Jarisch_reflex
Chemical compound
Diacylglycerol Arachidonic acid 5-HPETE (arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide) Leukotriene A4 See also Receptor/signaling modulators Prostanoid signaling modulators
Leukotriene_D4
Topiramate Troglitazone Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) CYP4–51 See Prostanoid signaling modulators and Leukotriene signaling modulators instead for
List of cytochrome P450 modulators
List_of_cytochrome_P450_modulators
Chemical compound
(thromboxanes with 1 double-bond), via the COX-1 and COX-2 pathways. Series-1 prostanoids, via the COX-1 and COX-2 pathways. A 15-hydroxyl derivative that blocks
Dihomo-γ-linolenic_acid
Class of chemical compounds
prostaglandin E generally exhibit biological activity through binding of the E prostanoid (EP) receptor family. There are four different receptors, including subtypes
Prostaglandin_E
Macrophages located in the liver
cells also perform arachidonic acid metabolism and are a major source of prostanoids in the liver. Kupffer cells are incredibly plastic cells that have the
Kupffer_cell
Set of biological processes
including a 5-carbon ring. They are a subclass of eicosanoids and form the prostanoid class of fatty acid derivatives. The prostaglandins are synthesized in
Fatty_acid_metabolism
Endogenous agent or pharmaceutical drug that affects blood pressure / heart rate
endothelin-1, and alpha-adrenergic agonists. Various vasoactive agents, such as prostanoids, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and endothelin antagonists, are approved
Vasoactivity
Chemical compound
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid
Canadian clinician-scientist
Y-W, Liu GY, Leung A, Jones LL, Taylor JA, Robinson LA. "Thromboxane prostanoid receptor stimulation induces shedding of the transmembrane chemokine,
Lisa_Robinson_(scientist)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Jakobsson PJ (October 2011). "Enzymes of the cyclooxygenase pathways of prostanoid biosynthesis". Chemical Reviews. 111 (10): 5821–5865. doi:10.1021/cr2002992
Epoxide_hydrolase_2
compounds that target prostaglandin receptors (prostanoid receptors, PG receptors) and do not possess a prostanoid structure (i.e., a structure derived from
Piprant
NSAID analgesic medication
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Ketoprofen
Group of tetraterpenes
v t e Prostanoid signaling modulators Receptor (ligands) DP (D2)Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor DP1Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 Agonists: Prostaglandin
Retinoid
PROSTANOID
PROSTANOID
PROSTANOID
PROSTANOID
Biblical
straw; hay
Boy/Male
Indian
The trustee, The dependable, The advocate
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Horrible.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a maker of string or bow strings, from an agent derivative of Middle English streng ‘string’. In Yorkshire, where it is still particularly common, Redmonds argues that the surname may have been connected with iron working, a stringer having operated some form of specialist hearth.
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Wealthy.
Male
English
From the Steep Hill
Boy/Male
Arabic
Big
Girl/Female
Indian, Sikh
Beautiful; Bold
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, Muslim
The Guided One
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
A Part of God
PROSTANOID
PROSTANOID
PROSTANOID
PROSTANOID
PROSTANOID