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Tower-based signaling network
An optical telegraph is a line of stations, typically towers, for the purpose of conveying textual information by means of visual signals (a form of optical
Optical_telegraph
Long distance transmission of text
systems are thus not true telegraphs. The earliest true telegraph put into widespread use was the Chappe telegraph, an optical telegraph invented by Claude Chappe
Telegraphy
Type of electrical telegraph
Chappe telegraph existed in some other countries, but no country besides France tried to duplicate the Chappe telegraph, or any other optical telegraph, as
Foy–Breguet_telegraph
Mechanical apparatus used to send messages
Dilhac, "The Telegraph of Claude Chappe: An Optical Telecommunication Network for the XVIIIrd Century."" (PDF). "How Napoleon's semaphore telegraph changed
Semaphore
Use of light to convey information
failed. A 'semaphore telegraph', also called a 'semaphore line', 'optical telegraph', 'shutter telegraph chain', 'Chappe telegraph', or 'Napoleonic semaphore'
Optical_communication
Early system for transmitting text over wires
bells and three-position needle telegraph instruments. In the 1840s, the electrical telegraph superseded optical telegraph systems such as semaphores, becoming
Electrical_telegraph
Early optical telegraph system
3 March 1791, Chappe tested an optical telegraph with a system of synchronized pendulums and a white and black optical panel between the cities of Brûlon
Chappe_telegraph
German journalist (1801–1888)
writings. From 1838 on he joined the optical telegraph of Johann Ludwig Schmidt, who established a private telegraph line between Hamburg and Cuxhaven.
Friedrich_Clemens_Gerke
System to transmit information by hand
the Foy-Breguet electrical telegraph, also descended from the French optical telegraph. Although based on the optical telegraph, by the time flag semaphore
Flag_semaphore
Lighthouse in Denmark
Napoleonic Wars. The telegraph station was closed in 1814 following the end of the war, along with nearly all of the other optical telegraph stations in Denmark
Nakkehoved_Lighthouse
as optical telegraphs. However, they could only utilize a very limited range of pre-determined messages, and as with all such optical telegraphs could
History_of_telecommunication
One of the character encodings used to transmit information by telegraphy
Telegraphy usually refers to the electrical telegraph, but telegraph systems using the optical telegraph were in use before that. A code consists of a
Telegraph_code
Topics referred to by the same term
A telegraph hill is a hill or other natural elevation that is chosen as part of an optical telegraph system. Telegraph Hill may also refer to: A high point
Telegraph_Hill
Elevated site of a telegraph station
send optical signals using semaphores, warning of imminent danger or passing on other significant news. It was chosen as part of an optical telegraph system
Telegraph_hill
Island of the archipelago of Åland
to improve. A thirty meter tall optical telegraph was constructed in 1796 which connected Åland to the Swedish telegraph network. The most important function
Signilskär
Device used to attract attention
order to alert defenses. As signals, beacons are an ancient form of optical telegraph and were part of a relay league. Systems of this kind have existed
Beacon
Discrete unit of communication
packet – Formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network Optical telegraph – Tower-based signaling network Pioneer plaque – Plaques on the Pioneer
Message
Human settlement in England
third-highest escarpment. From 1789 to 1847 Child's Hill hosted an optical telegraph station. The area has long given its name to a council ward and which
Childs_Hill
Light-conducting fiber
An optical fiber, or optical fibre, is a flexible glass or plastic fiber that can transmit light from one end to the other. Such fibers are widely used
Optical_fiber
Swedish inventor
Gustaf III. He is known for his experiment with the optical telegraph. He inaugurated his telegraph with a poem dedicated to the Swedish King on his birthday
Abraham_Niclas_Edelcrantz
French scientific instrument inventor and physicist (1663-1705)
particularly for use of these instruments at sea. He also demonstrated an optical telegraph and proposed the use of his clepsydra (water clock) for keeping time
Guillaume_Amontons
Transoceanic communication line placed on the seabed
These early cables used copper wires in their cores, but modern cables use optical fiber technology to carry digital data, which includes telephone, internet
Submarine communications cable
Submarine_communications_cable
Telecommunications device
created by Gottfried Huth in 1796. Huth proposed an alternative to the optical telegraph of Claude Chappe in which the operators in the signaling towers would
Telephone
of optical telegraphs, radio telegraph stations, or riding couriers. Early 19th century methods of this type evolved into the electrical telegraph networks
Relay_league
Former undersea telegraph cable
Transatlantic telegraph cables are undersea cables running under the Atlantic Ocean which were used for telegraph communications. The Atlantic Telegraph Company
Transatlantic_telegraph_cable
Topics referred to by the same term
plain text instead of code Optical telegraph, sending visual signals with pivoting shutters in towers Hydraulic telegraph, based on the displacement of
Telegraph_(disambiguation)
1830s electrical telegraph system
for a private two-needle telegraph on this line to connect it to its base in Portsmouth, finally replacing the optical telegraph. In September 1845, the
Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph
Cooke_and_Wheatstone_telegraph
Information about current events
systems using semaphore codes and telescopes. The latter form of optical telegraph came into use in Japan, Britain, France, and Germany from the 1790s
News
Type of electrical telegraph
mimic the French optical telegraph system, with the two needles taking on the same positions as the arms of the Chappe semaphore (the optical system widely
Needle_telegraph
a telegram service to deliver the telegraphed communication from the telegraph office. This is distinct from optical telegraphy that preceded it and the
Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom
Electrical_telegraphy_in_the_United_Kingdom
Japanese telecommunication company
NTT, Inc. (formerly known as Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation), is a Japanese telecommunications holding company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephone
Cable assembly containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light
cable, also known as an optical-fiber cable, is an assembly similar to an electrical cable but containing one or more optical fibers that are used to
Fiber-optic_cable
Technology used to provide broadband to the end consumer via fiber
A passive optical network (PON) is a fiber-optic telecommunications network that uses only unpowered devices to carry signals, as opposed to electronic
Passive_optical_network
German telegraph system, 1832–1849
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prussian Optical Telegraph. The Prussian semaphore system was a telegraphic communications system used between
Prussian_semaphore_system
Smoke used as a mode of communication
has made skywriting possible. Polybius square Optical telegraph Ivan, Djordjevic (2010). Coding for Optical Channels. Springer US. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-4419-5569-2
Smoke_signal
Hertzian waves could be used (instead of light) in systems akin to optical telegraph: for example, Richard Threlfall and John Perry suggested that in 1890
Invention_of_radio
Topics referred to by the same term
railways Signal stations used for directing traffic on waterways Optical telegraph stations Stations used in other forms of early telegraphy Communications
Signal_tower
Tripod-mounted mirror device used as solar telegraph
of the "Mangin apparatus", a dual-mode French Army military field optical telegraph that could use either lantern or sunlight, were equipped with clockwork
Heliograph
Joke proposal to carry internet protocol by Semaphores
Free-space optical communication, a more effective method of high-speed communication using visible light in free space Optical telegraph J. Hofmueller;
Semaphore Flag Signaling System
Semaphore_Flag_Signaling_System
British bishop (1761–1803)
Anglican cleric best remembered for his work developing Britain's first optical telegraph, which began relaying messages from London to Deal in 1796, a few
Lord_George_Murray_(bishop)
Broadband network architecture term
the loop is a generic term for any broadband network architecture using optical fiber to provide all or part of the local loop used for last mile telecommunications
Fiber_to_the_x
Topics referred to by the same term
model Oxygenated treatment, used to reduce corrosion in a boiler Optical telegraph, used to convey textual information by means of visual signals Ot
OT
Mountain in Tyresö, Sweden
peninsula. The hill is called Telegrafberget (Telegraph hill) because a station for optical telegraph was located there in the 19th century. (in Swedish)
Telegrafberget
French physicist and watchmaker (1804–1883)
telegraph, an electrical needle telegraph to replace the optical telegraph system then in use. and a later step-by-step telegraph system (1847) was applied
Louis Clément François Breguet
Louis_Clément_François_Breguet
Transmitting information over optical fiber
of optical communication for transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of infrared or visible light through an optical fiber
Fiber-optic_communication
Late 18th-century French inventor
interruption of service by cutting a wire. The extent of the French optical telegraph meant that it took some time for the replacement to be completed.
Claude_Chappe
Type of code
cipher, Homophonic cipher and more. Optical communication – Use of light to convey information Optical telegraph – Tower-based signaling network Phryctoria –
Polybius_square
English fantasy author (1948–2015)
mechanical optical telegraph (as created by the Chappe brothers and employed during the French Revolution) before wired electric telegraph chains, with
Terry_Pratchett
American politician (1737–1807)
United States Congress. His son, Jonathan Grout Jr., built the first optical telegraph in the United States, connecting Martha's Vineyard and Boston. A descendant
Jonathan_Grout
Shorthand system invented by Robert Boyd
also be used for [l̩]. Letters and reversal of them, are similar to optical telegraph letters. Robert Boyd. (1903) Boyd's Syllabic Shorthand. Chicago Correspondence
Boyd's_syllabic_shorthand
Summit near Metz in Grand Est, France
of which also disappeared during the French Revolution. A Chappe optical telegraph station was installed on the mountain in 1797. Destroyed by the coalition
Mont Saint-Quentin in Moselle Valley
Mont_Saint-Quentin_in_Moselle_Valley
1860s attempted telegraph line
Russian–American Telegraph, also known as the Western Union Telegraph Expedition and the Collins Overland Telegraph, was an attempt by the Western Union Telegraph Company
Russian–American_Telegraph
Movement of goods or people between locations
century saw several inventions fundamentally change transport. With the optical telegraph, communication became rapid and independent of the transport of physical
Transport
Transfer of information or power that does not require the use of physical wires
between two or more points without the use of an electrical conductor, optical fiber or other continuous guided medium for the transfer. The most common
Wireless
American worldwide manufacturing company
The company was founded on June 16, 1920 as International Telephone & Telegraph Corporation (I.T. & T.) in Maryland. ITT divested its telecommunications
ITT_Inc.
Cape in Northern France
with his invasion troops. He envisioned establishing a cross-channel optical telegraph system, with a semaphore positioned on the cape. The first semaphore
Cap_Gris-Nez
Town in Alicante, Spain
During the 19th century, the tower was used to make signals with an optical telegraph. In December 1995, it was registered as a property of cultural significance
Torre_de_la_Horadada
2010 British television series
learns from Reacher Gilt, the unscrupulous owner of the Clacks, an optical telegraph system that has supplanted the post office, that the four previous
Terry Pratchett's Going Postal
Terry_Pratchett's_Going_Postal
Metro station in Paris, France
the park of the Château de Ménilmontant. Its name comes from the optical telegraph invented by Claude Chappe (1763–1805) in 1792. This was the first
Télégraphe_station
Computer recognition of visual text
Optical character recognition (OCR) or optical character reader is the electronic or mechanical conversion of images of typed, handwritten or printed text
Optical_character_recognition
Communication using light sent through free space
Free-space optical communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space to wirelessly transmit data for
Free-space optical communication
Free-space_optical_communication
Semaphore systems using water-based mechanisms
"... hydraulic telegraph may supersede the semaphore and the galvanic telegraph". Byzantine beacon system Phryctoria Heliograph Optical communication Signal
Hydraulic_telegraph
Plan to reform and expand the city of Barcelona, Spain from 1860
industry and the improvement of mobility and communication" (the optical telegraph was the other relevant invention). Aware of this deficiency, Cerdà
Cerdà_Plan
Anglo-American telecommunications firm
The Atlantic Telegraph Company was a company formed on 6 November 1856 to undertake and exploit a commercial telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic_Telegraph_Company
Device for transmitting messages in written form by electrical signals
the late 1830s and 1840s, then using simpler Morse key equipment and telegraph operators. The introduction of teleprinters automated much of this work
Teleprinter
Natural region of the French département of Bas-Rhin in Alsace
built in its place. It was the second relay (after Dingsheim), of the optical telegraph line from Strasbourg to Paris via Saverne and its pass and was used
Kochersberg
Transmission of information electromagnetically
throughout history, from smoke signals, beacons, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs to wires and empty space made to carry electromagnetic
Telecommunications
American inventor and painter (1791–1872)
age, contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs. He was a co-developer and the namesake of Morse code
Samuel_Morse
Military unit
commanding officer at New Orleans, from 1808 to 1810, Porter set up an optical telegraph network, inspired by the one established by the French, and copied
New_Orleans_station_(US_Navy)
Method of communication by radio waves
telegraphy was also used for other experimental technologies for transmitting telegraph signals without wires. In radiotelegraphy, information is transmitted
Wireless_telegraphy
Standardized set of specifications
Optical Carrier transmission rates are a standardized set of specifications of transmission bandwidth for digital signals that can be carried on Synchronous
Optical Carrier transmission rates
Optical_Carrier_transmission_rates
Visual Aid to Navigation
of means to communicate shore-to-ship: Chappe Telegraph or other forms of pole-and-arm optical telegraph, flag semaphore, heliograph, slat semaphore, and
Signal_station
2003 Discworld novel by Terry Pratchett
Ankh-Morpork has become involved following the destruction of its Clacks (optical telegraph) towers by Borogravia. Borogravia's leadership denies rumours that
Monstrous_Regiment_(novel)
predecessors used various optical telegraphic systems. Portugal created a Military Telegraph Corps in 1810, having a field telegraph company since 1884; The
Telegraph_troops
Telephone prefix in the international telephone numbering plan
introduced and termed International Codes in 1960 by the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (C.C.I.T.T.) in the IInd Plenary
Telephone_country_code
Use of visible, IR, or UV light to transmit a signal
Optical wireless communications (OWC) is a form of optical communication in which unguided light is used "in the air" (or in outer space), without an optical
Optical wireless communications
Optical_wireless_communications
Cellular service provider
Electrical telegraph Fax Heliographs Hydraulic telegraph Information Age Information revolution Internet Mass media Mobile phone Smartphone Optical telecommunication
Mobile_network_operator
Standard for electronic messages
Electrical telegraph Fax Heliographs Hydraulic telegraph Information Age Information revolution Internet Mass media Mobile phone Smartphone Optical telecommunication
Multimedia_Messaging_Service
US & Canada telegraph history: 1844-1861 milestones
telegraph system, but never develops the idea into a practical system. Jan 1837: Samuel Chester Reid proposes that the U.S. Congress fund an optical telegraph
Timeline of North American telegraphy
Timeline_of_North_American_telegraphy
Mobile broadband communication standard
Electrical telegraph Fax Heliographs Hydraulic telegraph Information Age Information revolution Internet Mass media Mobile phone Smartphone Optical telecommunication
LTE_(telecommunication)
Developer of first telegraph (1761–1825)
Jonathan Grout Jr. (January 22, 1761—March 12, 1825) built the first optical telegraph in the United States, connecting Martha's Vineyard and Boston. He
Jonathan_Grout_Jr.
British Company
The Electric Telegraph Company (ETC) was a British telegraph company founded in 1846 by William Fothergill Cooke and John Ricardo. It was the world's
Electric_Telegraph_Company
Standard for optical data packages
This creates an optical virtual private network for each client signal. ITU-T defines an optical transport network as a set of optical network elements
Optical_transport_network
Romanesque-Gothic Dutch church from the 13th century
for military communication purposes. The system was known as the optical telegraph. Since then, the tower has been the property of local government (Westerkwartier
Ludgerus_church_(Oldehove)
Network that allows computers to share resources and communicate with each other
supports information exchange includes wired media like copper cables, optical fibers, and wireless radio-frequency media. The arrangement of hosts and
Computer_network
Networking protocol for real-time communication
Electrical telegraph Fax Heliographs Hydraulic telegraph Information Age Information revolution Internet Mass media Mobile phone Smartphone Optical telecommunication
Matrix_(protocol)
Unique designation for a transmitting station
unique identifiers dates to the landline railroad telegraph system. Because there was only one telegraph line linking all railroad stations, there needed
Call_sign
Russian mechanic
that lifted a cabin using screw mechanisms. In 1794 he created an optical telegraph for transmitting signals over distance. He assembled the famous Peacock
Ivan_Kulibin
Radio station in South Africa
Electrical telegraph Fax Heliographs Hydraulic telegraph Information Age Information revolution Internet Mass media Mobile phone Smartphone Optical telecommunication
Radio_Sonder_Grense
Italian inventor (1808–1889)
inarticulate human voice. He called this device "telegrafo parlante" (talking telegraph). In 1850, the third renewal of Meucci's contract with Don Francisco Martí
Antonio_Meucci
Conduit for signal propagation
waves. Thus, an optical fiber or a copper cable is used as transmission media. Electromagnetic radiation can be transmitted through an optical medium, such
Transmission_medium
Fortification in Dauphiné, France
120mm guns. It was initially linked to the Fort de l'Infernet by optical telegraph, and later by telephone. A cableway provided a means of resupply from
Fort_de_l'Olive
Long-distance telegraph system in the United States
The Baltimore–Washington telegraph line was the first long-distance electric telegraph system set up to run overland in the United States. In March 1843
Baltimore–Washington telegraph line
Baltimore–Washington_telegraph_line
Topics referred to by the same term
Anglican Bishop of Saint David's 1801–03, developer of Britain's first optical telegraph Lord Henry Murray (1767–1805), British soldier and administrator who
Lord_Murray
Linked hypertext system on the Internet
included with most operating systems). Optical networking is a sophisticated infrastructure that utilises optical fibre to transmit data over long distances
World_Wide_Web
Mobile browser-based World Wide Web services
Electrical telegraph Fax Heliographs Hydraulic telegraph Information Age Information revolution Internet Mass media Mobile phone Smartphone Optical telecommunication
Mobile_web
Village in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
the parish of Tarchomin of 1785. In the 1830s relay stations for an optical telegraph line from Warsaw to Moscow via St Petersburg were built in the village
Rembelszczyzna
Jurisdiction of the Bailiwick of Guernsey
was constructed in 1790, following John Wesley's visit in 1787. An optical telegraph tower was constructed above La Foulère in 1811, enabling signals to
Alderney
British mathematician and electrical engineer (1850–1925)
Charles' telegraph companies in Newcastle upon Tyne. Two years later he took a job as a telegraph operator with the Danish Great Northern Telegraph Company
Oliver_Heaviside
Method for multiplexing signals
separate left and right circularly polarized light beams through the same optical fiber. Polarization techniques have long been used in radio transmission
Polarization-division multiplexing
Polarization-division_multiplexing
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OPTICAL TELEGRAPH
OPTICAL TELEGRAPH
OPTICAL TELEGRAPH
OPTICAL TELEGRAPH
OPTICAL TELEGRAPH
OPTICAL TELEGRAPH
OPTICAL TELEGRAPH
OPTICAL TELEGRAPH
OPTICAL TELEGRAPH
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