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See searches and references containing OPTICAL AXIS!OPTICAL AXIS
Line along which there is some degree of rotational symmetry in an optical system
An optical axis is an imaginary line that passes through the geometrical center of an optical system such as a camera lens, microscope or telescopic sight
Optical_axis
Six points which determine imaging properties of an optical system
consist of three pairs of points located on the optical axis of a rotationally symmetric, focal, optical system. These are the focal points, the principal
Cardinal_point_(optics)
An off-axis optical system is an optical system in which the optical axis of the aperture is not coincident with the mechanical center of the aperture
Off-axis_optical_system
Techniques used to reduce blurring of images
electronic image stabilization can also compensate for rotation about the optical axis (roll). It is mainly used in high-end image-stabilized binoculars, still
Image_stabilization
Optical axis gratings (OAGs) are gratings of optical axis of a birefringent material. In OAGs, the birefringence of the material is constant, while the
Optical_axis_grating
Optical aberration
wavelength in an optical system. The second form of astigmatism occurs when the optical system is not symmetric about the optical axis. This may be by
Astigmatism_(optical_systems)
Idealized model of light
ray) in an optical system is the ray that starts from an on-axis object point (the point where an object to be imaged crosses the optical axis) and touches
Ray_(optics)
Deviation from perfect paraxial optical behavior
any optical system, rays proceeding from an axis point O under an angle u1 will unite in the axis point O′1; and those under an angle u2 in the axis point
Optical_aberration
Process of enlarging the apparent size of something
(w.r.t the optical axis) and ε {\textstyle \varepsilon } is the angle subtended by its image (also w.r.t the optical axis) made by an optical instrument
Magnification
Longitudinal axis through the center of a gun barrel
down along the bore axis. The distance between the bore axis and the sight axis (the optical axis of a sighting device), also known as the sight height
Bore_axis
Lens assembly with a prism redirecting the light with a 90° angle to the optical axis
mirror to redirect light through the lenses with a 90° angle to the optical axis, as in a periscope. The Kenworthy/Nettmann Snorkel Camera System, introduced
Periscope_lens
Optical device which transmits and refracts light
material), u {\textstyle u} is the on-axis (on the optical axis) object distance from the line perpendicular to the axis toward the refraction point on the
Lens
Aberration inherent to certain optical designs or due to imperfection in the lens
Unlike a spherical mirror, a bundle of parallel rays parallel to the optical axis will be perfectly focused to a point (the mirror is free of spherical
Coma_(optics)
Optical lens
one of the lens's focal points. This allows only rays parallel to the optical axis (including the chief rays that pass through the center of the aperture
Telecentric_lens
Rotation of the plane of linearly polarized light as it travels through a chiral material
the rotation of the orientation of the plane of polarization about the optical axis of linearly polarized light as it travels through certain materials.
Optical_rotation
Optical image of the physical aperture stop
In an optical system (generally a lens), the entrance pupil is the optical image of the physical aperture, as 'seen' through the optical elements in front
Entrance_pupil
Ray tracing technique
(directions normal to the wavefronts) are at small angles θ relative to the optical axis of the system, such that the approximation sin θ ≈ θ remains valid. A
Ray_transfer_matrix_analysis
Failure of a lens to focus all colors on the same point
not occur on the optical axis of an optical system (which is typically the center of the image) and increases away from the optical axis. It is not affected
Chromatic_aberration
Lens with a thickness that is negligible
In optics, a thin lens is a lens with a thickness (distance along the optical axis between the two surfaces of the lens) that is negligible compared to
Thin_lens
Light all pointing in the same direction
to all the optical elements in an instrument being on their designed optical axis. It also refers to the process of adjusting an optical instrument so
Collimated_beam
Mirror with a curved reflecting surface
vertex (where the optical axis meets the mirror) will form an angle with the optical axis. The reflected ray has the same angle to the axis, but on the opposite
Curved_mirror
Order written by an eyewear prescriber
the optical axis. Spherical lenses are adequate correction when a person has no astigmatism. To correct for astigmatism, the "cylinder" and "axis" components
Eyeglass_prescription
Quality of an image being out of focus
microscope, telescope, or binoculars. Optically, defocus refers to a translation of the focus along the optical axis away from the detection surface. In
Defocus_aberration
Technique in geometric optics
of light rays in optical systems using the paraxial approximation, in which only rays that make small angles with the optical axis of the system are
Gaussian_optics
Optical principle
light propagates in such materials (along a direction different from the optical axis), it splits into two different rays, known as ordinary and extraordinary
Huygens principle of double refraction
Huygens_principle_of_double_refraction
Earthwork sculpture by Charles Ross
Star Axis is an earthwork by American sculptor Charles Ross designed for observing the stars and considered to be a defining example of land art. The roughly
Star_Axis
Optical aberration
named for Joseph Petzval, describes the optical aberration in which a flat object normal to the optical axis (or a non-flat object past the hyperfocal
Petzval_field_curvature
Small angle approximation in geometric optics
optical system (such as a lens). A paraxial ray is a ray that makes a small angle (θ) to the optical axis of the system, and lies close to the axis throughout
Paraxial_approximation
Optical system setup in photolithography
In photolithography, off-axis illumination is an optical system setup in which the incoming light strikes a photomask at an oblique angle rather than
Off-axis_illumination
Angle between converging or diverging light rays
Rays that move closer to the optical axis as they propagate are said to be converging, while rays that move away from the axis are diverging. These imaginary
Vergence_(optics)
Optical phenomenon
breakthroughs. In an optical vortex, light is twisted like a corkscrew around its axis of travel. Because of the twisting, the light waves at the axis itself cancel
Optical_vortex
Topics referred to by the same term
Coordinate axis of a coordinate system x-axis, y-axis, z-axis, common names for the coordinate axes of a Cartesian coordinate system Axis of rotation Axis of
Axis
Optical aberration
(i.e., no spherical aberration) only at a lateral distance from the optical axis that equals the radius of the spherical surface divided by the index
Spherical_aberration
Hole or opening through which light travels
objects at different distances. Some rays from object points away from the optical axis may clip on surfaces other than the aperture stop. This is called vignetting
Aperture
Combination of concave and convex mirrors
system. In a symmetrical Cassegrain both mirrors are aligned about the optical axis, and the primary mirror usually contains a hole in the center, thus permitting
Cassegrain_reflector
Branch of physics
Nonlinear optics (NLO) is a branch of optics that studies the case when optical properties of matter depend on the intensity of the input light. Nonlinear
Nonlinear_optics
Camera flash equipment
a subject with minimal shadows by closely and evenly surrounding the optical axis of the camera lens. This makes it a popular choice for several types
Ring_flash
Diffraction pattern in optics
{q}{R}},} where q is the radial distance from the observation point to the optical axis and R is its distance to the aperture. Note that the Airy disk as given
Airy_disk
Type of reflecting telescope
Yolo telescopes and optical monochromators. In these devices, the source and detectors of the light are not located on the optical axis of the mirror, so
Toroidal_reflector
Visual illusion in color images
the fovea relative to the optical axis. The fovea is located temporally to the optical axis and as a result, the visual axis passes through the cornea
Chromostereopsis
Device that orients a payload towards the Sun
such systems collect the sun's energy with maximum efficiency when the optical axis is aligned with incident solar radiation. Sunlight has two components:
Solar_tracker
Lithography using 13.5 nm UV light
illumination source points being paired (each on opposite sides of the optical axis). However, the separate images are superposed and the resulting image
EUV_lithography
Historically important optical effect
a squared zeroth Bessel function of the first kind when close to the optical axis and using a plane wave source (point source at infinity): U ( P 1 , r
Arago_spot
Type of lens to improve visual perception
20–21. Unlike the optical elements used in optical instruments like cameras and telescopes, which are aligned along a common optical axis, ophthalmic lenses
Corrective_lens
Optical trap for experimenting on small pieces of soft matter
light intensity is high in the center of the beam (on the optical axis) and decreases off the axis. It can be illustrative to decompose the trapping force
Optical_stretcher
Photolithography enhancement technique
outside the final aperture when off-axis illumination is needed, preventing any imaging. Aberrations in optical projection systems deform wavefronts
Optical_proximity_correction
view with aperture control rocker (above optical axis) and USB socket with rubber cover (below optical axis) Mount for Canon EF lenses (full-format) with
Telecompressor
Optical surveying instrument
adjustment. Collimation error The optical axis of the telescope must also be perpendicular to the horizontal axis; if not, then a collimation error exists
Theodolite
Type of firearm reflector sight
the middle of the optical window (sighting down the sight's optical axis). Some manufacturers modify the focus of the LED/optical collimator combination
Red_dot_sight
Optical imaging rule
LP; the vertical axis uses the normal Cartesian convention, with values above the optical axis positive and those below the optical axis negative. The relationship
Scheimpflug_principle
Optical test for curved mirrors
The testing device is adjustable along the X-axis (knife cut direction) across the Y-axis (optical axis), and is usually equipped with measurable adjustment
Foucault_knife-edge_test
documentary filmmaker. Working on such films asHarvest Time, The Hollow and Optical Axis she has multiple awards at international film festivals including the
Marina_Razbezhkina
Wide-angle photographic lens with strong barrel distortion
image, as a function of f, the focal length, and θ, the angle from the optical axis, in radians. Special case of r = k1 f sin θ/k2, where k1 = k2 =2. Some
Fisheye_lens
Property in optics
material. This axis is known as the optical axis of the material. Light with linear polarization perpendicular to this axis will experience an ordinary refractive
Refractive_index
Type of optical telescope
telescope converts a bundle of parallel rays to make an angle α, with the optical axis to a second parallel bundle with angle β. The ratio β/α is called the
Refracting_telescope
Telescopes which utilize curved mirrors to form an image
moving any secondary element off the primary mirror's optical axis, commonly called off-axis optical systems. Light paths The Herschelian reflector is named
Reflecting_telescope
Type of reflection prism
diameter. Porro prisms can reflect light rays that are not parallel to the optical axis in such a manner that they are internally reflected off the hypotenuse
Porro_prism
Distance from the vertex of a lens or mirror to its center of curvature
in optical design. A spherical lens or mirror surface has a center of curvature located either along or decentered from the system local optical axis. The
Radius_of_curvature_(optics)
Red dot gun sight used by the U.S. Armed Forces
"parallax-free" optical correction system, meaning there is minimal induced optical error that would shift the point of aim relative to the sight's optical axis as
Aimpoint_CompM4
Study of classical optics using Fourier transforms
focused optical systems). The impulse response function uniquely defines the input-output behavior of the optical system. By convention, the optical axis of
Fourier_optics
Pair of counter-rotating wedge prisms used for optical beam steering
thin wedge prisms mounted coaxially and rotated independently about the optical axis. By varying the relative rotation angles of the wedges, the device deflects
Risley_prisms
Type of reflecting telescope
of the sky, while the secondary mirror redirects the light out of the optical axis at a right angle so it can be viewed with an eyepiece. They are free
Newtonian_telescope
Type of polarizer
orthogonal polarization. The two beams are polarized according to the optical axis of the two right angle prisms. The Wollaston prism consists of two orthogonal
Wollaston_prism
Far-field diffraction
wave path whose angle with respect to a straight line parallel to the optical axis is close to 0, this approximation condition can be further simplified
Fraunhofer_diffraction
aperture off-axis optical system optical aberration optical amplifier optical axis optical axis gratings optical bench optical coating optical coherence
Index_of_optics_articles
Mathematical function in general imaging
image plane. Giving the measure of aberration in a plane normal to the optical axis is called a transversal aberration. The size (radius) of the aberration
Contrast_transfer_function
mirror with respect to the optical axis of the primary mirror is almost trivial, because there is no single defined axis of a sphere. Any line that runs
Modified Dall–Kirkham telescope
Modified_Dall–Kirkham_telescope
Optic nerve head, the point of exit for ganglion cell axons leaving the eye
asymmetry reveals the local direction of blood flow with respect to the optical axis. This directional information is overlaid on standard grayscale blood
Optic_disc
Science of using a material's refractive index for optical effects
the refractive index at a distance, r, from the optical axis; no is the design index on the optical axis, and A is a positive constant. Graded-index fiber
Gradient-index_optics
diffractive optical element (DOE) that allows a single incident beam to be focused simultaneously at several positions along the propagation axis. An incident
Multifocal_diffractive_lens
Camera model
screen mounted on four metal struts allowing for rotation about the optical axis in addition to upward and downward tilt, and improved autofocus and metering
Pentax_K-1
Optical system example
condition for an optical system to produce sharp images for objects over an extended axial range, i.e. for objects displaced along the optical axis. It was formulated
Herschel's_condition
Farthest distance an eye can see
point is the farthest point at which an object can be placed (along the optical axis of the eye) for its image to be focused on the retina within the eye's
Far_point
Model of 3D points projected onto planar image via a lens-less aperture
to as X1, X2, X3. Axis X3 is pointing in the viewing direction of the camera and is referred to as the optical axis, principal axis, or principal ray
Pinhole_camera_model
Photographic optic
typically are set with the optical axis perpendicular to and centered on the film/sensor plane, and the lens is shifted along its axis to focus an image on
Large_format_lens
Part of the eye
optical axis of the eye while inserting into the eyeball. The superior and inferior oblique muscles make an angle of 51 degrees with the optical axis
Superior_oblique_muscle
Optical sighting device for firearms
A telescopic sight, commonly called a scope informally, is an optical sighting device based on a refracting telescope. Sights are equipped with a referencing
Telescopic_sight
implementation occurs in the derotation stages of optical telescopes where a beam angle implied by the optical axis of the telescope is undone to keep its orientation
K-Mirror_(optics)
Optical imaging modality
Dual-axis optical coherence tomography (DA-OCT) is an imaging modality that is based on the principles of optical coherence tomography (OCT). These techniques
Dual-axis optical coherence tomography
Dual-axis_optical_coherence_tomography
Oval-shaped pigmented area near the center of the retina
and other animal eyes. Its center is shifted slightly away from the optical axis (laterally, by 5°=1.5 mm). The macula in humans has a diameter of around
Macula
Astronomical telescope
positioning and repeatability. The HPT could have been rotated ±45° around the optical axis in any position. The mount allowed observations up to 30° elevation.
Hexapod-Telescope
tape. The lens's optical axis sweeps in the plane of the nominal X and Y axes around the nominal optical Z axis, pivoting on the optical convergence point
Parallax_scanning
Direction of no double refraction
directions within the plane perpendicular to the optic axis, although the crystal as a whole remains optically anisotropic. The internal structure of crystals
Optic_axis_of_a_crystal
Transformation process to project images
collective optical centers, twist the optical axes so the horizontal axis of each image points in the direction of the other image's optical center, and
Image_rectification
Optics company in Sweden
an error that can cause the dot position to diverge from the sight's optical axis with change in eye position. Aimpoint markets their sights as "parallax
Aimpoint
Darkening an image's periphery versus the center
emanating from object points located off-axis (laterally or vertically off from the optical axis of an optical system under consideration) are partially
Vignetting
due to gravity, which allows the optics to stay on a common optical axis, and the optical elements stay in collimation regardless of the orientation of
Serrurier_truss
Artistic concept relating to perspective
with vertices in the three vanishing points is the intersection of the optical axis and the image plane. A curvilinear perspective is a drawing with either
Vanishing_point
Type of camera lens
a varifocal lens consists of several groups of optical elements arranged along a common optical axis. Adjusting the focal length is accomplished by shifting
Varifocal_lens
Type of distributed Bragg reflector constructed in a short segment of optical fiber
type of distributed Bragg reflector constructed in a short segment of optical fiber that reflects particular wavelengths of light and transmits all others
Fiber_Bragg_grating
45 degrees to the optical axis can be thought of as the sum of two components, one parallel and one perpendicular to the optical axis of the PEM. The birefringence
Photoelastic_modulator
Use of electrons to join metal parts via melting
of some specific radial direction and strength perpendicular to the optical axis before the focusing lens. This is usually realized by a simple correction
Electron-beam_welding
Deviation from rectilinear projection (optics)
barrel distortion, image magnification decreases with distance from the optical axis. The apparent effect is an image that seems to be mapped around a sphere
Distortion_(optics)
Zirconium silicate mineral
depends on the cut of the stone in relation to its optical axis. If a zircon is cut with this axis perpendicular to its table, birefringence may be reduced
Zircon
Topics referred to by the same term
individual particle collision Vertex (optics), a point where the optical axis crosses an optical surface Vertex function, describing the interaction between
Vertex
numerical equivalent of the nonlinear phase shift along the laser system's optical axis. In a multipass laser system as a cumulative measure of the nonlinear
B_Integral
Optical phenomenon
optical axis is changed. If the wavelengths at which light is absorbed varies with the angle between the polarization direction and the optical axis of
Pleochroism
Monochrome light beam whose amplitude envelope is a Gaussian function
problems that involve compact beams—that is, where the optical power is closely confined along an axis. Even when a laser does not operate in the fundamental
Gaussian_beam
Maximum angle at which incoming sunlight can be captured by a solar concentrator
parallel rays incident on the concentrator at an angle α < θ to the optical axis. All rays end up on the receiver and, therefore, all light is captured
Acceptance angle (solar concentrator)
Acceptance_angle_(solar_concentrator)
Transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light
An optical prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that are designed to refract light. At least one surface must be angled—elements
Prism_(optics)
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