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Angle between converging or diverging light rays
In optics, vergence is the angle formed by rays of light that are not perfectly parallel to one another. Rays that move closer to the optical axis as they
Vergence_(optics)
Visual and perceptual phenomenon
Vergence–accommodation conflict (VAC), also known as accommodation–vergence conflict, is a visual phenomenon that occurs when the brain receives mismatching
Vergence–accommodation conflict
Vergence–accommodation_conflict
Topics referred to by the same term
Vergence may refer to: Vergence, the simultaneous movement of both eyes in opposite directions, needed for binocular vision Vergence (optics), the reciprocal
Vergence_(disambiguation)
Six points which determine imaging properties of an optical system
camera model Radius of curvature (optics) Vergence (optics) Greivenkamp, John E. (2004). Field Guide to Geometrical Optics. SPIE Field Guides vol. FG01. SPIE
Cardinal_point_(optics)
Distance from the vertex of a lens or mirror to its center of curvature
curvature (applications) Radius Base curve radius Cardinal point (optics) Vergence (optics) "Radius of curvature of a lens". 2015-03-06. Barbastathis, George;
Radius_of_curvature_(optics)
Modern form of the metric system
second squared m/s2 acceleration a reciprocal metre m−1 wavenumber σ, ṽ vergence (optics) V, 1/f kilogram per cubic metre kg/m3 density ρ kilogram per square
International_System_of_Units
Idea that the eyes move in parallel because their muscles are equally innervated
movements are actually the summation of conjugate version and disjunctive (or vergence) eye movements. The law was put forward by Ewald Hering in the 19th century
Hering's law of equal innervation
Hering's_law_of_equal_innervation
increasing vergence demands. Motor fusion is largely accounted to amplitudes of fusional vergences and relative fusional vergences. Fusional vergence is the
Prism_fusion_range
Eye condition
extra-ocular eye muscles adjusts the vergence angle as precisely as possible for the individual, but a small vergence error may remain. 2.) Sensory (neural)
Fixation_disparity
SI Physics Relational reciprocal metre m−1 σ, ṽ or in optics V, 1/f wavenumber, vergence (optics) SI Physics Relational kilogram per cubic metre kg/m3
List_of_international_units
Unit of measurement of optical power
other reciprocals of distance, particularly radii of curvature and the vergence of optical beams. The main benefit of using optical power rather than focal
Dioptre
Type of camera lens
distance of the virtual object being depicted, potentially reducing the vergence-accommodation conflict that contributes to visual fatigue in conventional
Varifocal_lens
space as expected from physiology and the assumption that the angle of vergence provides a constant measure of distance. From these premises he concluded
Rudolf_Luneburg
Pair of counter-rotating wedge prisms used for optical beam steering
Modern studies have explored app-controlled dual-rotational prisms for vergence exercises. Laser tracking and free-space optical communications. Risley
Risley_prisms
Type of vision
movement (vergence movement) ensures that the point comes to lie in the middle of Panum's fusion area again. In research on this reflex, the vergence horopter
Binocular_vision
Reflex action of the human eye
at a distant object (and vice versa), comprising coordinated changes in vergence, lens shape (accommodation) and pupil size. It is dependent on cranial
Accommodation_reflex
Medical condition
Practice of Optics and Refraction (2 ed.). p. 77. Wajuihian SO, Hansraj R (28 August 2015). "A review of non-strabismic accommodative and vergence anomalies
Accommodative_excess
Discomfort following extended visual tasks
and ache sensations behind the eye and are linked to accommodative and vergence stress, caused by poor visual conditions. Symptoms of eye strain can include:
Eye_strain
Degree to which an optical system converges or diverges light
the other eye. Accommodation of the eye Lens clock Lensmeter Plate scale Vergence Vertometer Basu, Dipak (2018-10-08). Dictionary of Pure and Applied Physics
Optical_power
Visual artifact of displays
projectors Scan line Silk screen effect Subpixel rendering Uncanny valley Vergence-accommodation conflict Virtual reality sickness Greg Kumparak (26 March
Screen-door_effect
All points in space which project onto the same points in the retinas of both eyes
iso-disparity points in space; the oculomotor horopter is the locus of iso-vergence points in space. As other quantities that describe the functional principles
Horopter
(architecture) Venturi effect Venturi flume Vera Yurasova Verdet constant Vergence (optics) Vern Oliver Knudsen Vernon Ellis Cosslett Versatile Toroidal Facility
Index_of_physics_articles_(V)
German physiologist
direction such as saccades or smooth pursuit) or disjunctive (such as vergence eye movements). Hering's law of equal innervation is best described by
Ewald_Hering
French ophthalmologist
September 2014. Keating, Michael P. (1 September 1975). "Vergence, vision, and geometric optics" (PDF). American Journal of Physics. 43 (9): 766–769. Bibcode:1975AmJPh
Ferdinand_Monoyer
Season of television series
Born Again sends Matt Murdock back to Hell's Kitchen in new trailer". The Verge. Archived from the original on January 15, 2025. Retrieved January 16, 2025
Daredevil: Born Again season 1
Daredevil:_Born_Again_season_1
Mixed reality headset
reality capabilities with the Quest 3, but with lower-resolution displays and optics inherited from the Quest 2. The Quest 3S received positive reviews, with
Meta_Quest_3S
Ability to interpret the surrounding environment using light in the visible spectrum
movements: fixational eye movements (microsaccades, ocular drift, and tremor), vergence movements, saccadic movements and pursuit movements. Fixations are comparably
Visual_perception
Topics referred to by the same term
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Critical angle may refer to: Critical angle (optics), the angle of incidence above which total internal reflection occurs Critical
Critical_angle
Family of video display resolutions
SE Specs". DJI. "What does 4K or 8K mean in video resolution?". Infinity Optics. "Formats and Resolutions Overview of ARRI digital motion picture cameras"
1440p
Head-mounted device that provides virtual reality for the wearer
(released September 2020) and Quest 3 (October 2023). There are different optics and visual qualities that affect how an individual perceives the image quality
Virtual_reality_headset
Medical condition
leading to fatigue. Some binocular microscopes are designed so that the vergence of the eyes is correct for a 6-meter viewing distance. Accommodating to
Instrument_myopia
Sensory organ of vision
(link) Schwiegerling, Jim (2004). Field guide to visual and ophthalmic optics. SPIE FG. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE Press. ISBN 978-0-8194-5629-8. Riordan-Eva
Human_eye
Technique for creating or enhancing the impression of depth in an image
However, the 3D effect lacks proper focal depth, which gives rise to the vergence-accommodation conflict. Stereoscopy is distinguished from other types of
Stereoscopy
Type of display device
existed for years. These include diffraction optics, holographic optics, polarized optics, and reflective optics. Major HMD applications include military
Head-mounted_display
Dutch mathematician and physicist (1629–1695)
Scientific Revolution. In physics, Huygens made seminal contributions to optics and mechanics, while as an astronomer he studied the rings of Saturn and
Christiaan_Huygens
Display device
binocular disparity, but can cause eye strain and visual fatigue due to vergence–accommodation conflict. Newer 3D displays such as holographic and light
3D_display
Swiss-German-American firearms manufacturer
banned by German law. In 2015, SIG Sauer expanded to include suppressors, optics, ammo and airguns, aiming to provide a greater range of firearm and firearm
SIG_Sauer
Dutch photolithography company
lithography machines, harnessing Philip's established knowledge in the fields of optics and precision mechanics. By the early 1980s, Philips had projected that
ASML
American glass and ceramics manufacturer
glass, ceramics, and related materials and technologies including advanced optics, primarily for industrial and scientific applications. Founded in 1851,
Corning_Inc.
NASA/ESA space telescope launched in 1990
spherical aberration that compromised the telescope's capabilities. The optics were corrected to their intended quality by a servicing mission, STS-61
Hubble_Space_Telescope
American multinational technology company
join Google's Devices and Services team to aid in the development of micro-optics, monolithic integration, and system integration. In December 2022, Google
American neurotechnology company
PMID 33709044. Kim, Meri (1 April 2021). "Shedding Light on the Human Brain". OSA Optics and Photonics News. 32 (4): 26. Bibcode:2021OptPN..32d..26K. doi:10.1364/OPN
Kernel (neurotechnology company)
Kernel_(neurotechnology_company)
2025 multimodal model by OpenAI
anticipated as planning to release GPT-5 in early August. On July 30, The Verge reported that "Microsoft is getting ready for GPT-5" as "sources familiar
GPT-5
Type of large language model
"OpenAI's new multitalented AI writes, translates, and slanders". The Verge. Archived from the original on December 18, 2020. Retrieved December 19
Generative pre-trained transformer
Generative_pre-trained_transformer
Mirrorless camera lens mount
2023-04-22. "The World's First AF 14mm for RF Mount". "Samyang Optics". Samyang Optics. Retrieved 2020-09-05. "Art 17–40mm F1.8 DC". Sigma America. Retrieved
Canon_RF_lens_mount
Alternative medicine treatment using eye exercises aimed at improving sight
include those aimed at convergence insufficiency – where it is often termed "vergence therapy", "orthoptics/vision therapy" or "orthoptic therapy" – and at a
Vision_therapy
Video camera connected to a computer or network
impact image sharpness to a great extent. Most models use simple, focal-free optics (fixed focus, factory-set for the usual distance from the monitor to which
Webcam
Recording to reproduce a three-dimensional light field
perform is basically either a multiplication or a phase conjugation. In optics, addition and Fourier transform are already easily performed in linear materials
Holography
Computer memory type used for data preservation
(1996). "Three-dimensional optical storage inside transparent materials". Optics Letters. 21 (24): 2023–2025. Bibcode:1996OptL...21.2023G. doi:10.1364/OL
5D_optical_data_storage
2023 text-generating language model
company's past approach to openly sharing research: "We were wrong"". The Verge. Archived from the original on March 17, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023
GPT-4
Chemical element with atomic number 3 (Li)
grown as crystal, is clear and transparent and often used in specialist optics for IR, UV and VUV (vacuum UV) applications. It has one of the lowest refractive
Lithium
Planned expansion to the White House
Democratic politicians, including Cory Booker and Sarah McBride, criticized the optics of congressional funding for the ballroom. Several Republicans subsequently
White_House_State_Ballroom
2020 film by Leigh Whannell
States. Cecilia Kass is trapped in an abusive relationship with wealthy optics engineer and businessman Adrian Griffin, the founder and CEO of the human-computer
The_Invisible_Man_(2020_film)
Technology for making moving images
2016. Retrieved 25 May 2017. DIY Printed Holographic Display (Lenticular Optics Explained), 7 March 2021, archived from the original on 21 December 2021
Lenticular_lens
Object that reflects an image
surface of a mirror, those waves retain the same degree of curvature and vergence, in an equal yet opposite direction, as the original waves. This allows
Mirror
Wearable computer glasses
Windows Holographic platform. Epiphany Eyewear – smart glasses developed by Vergence Labs, a subsidiary of Snap Inc. Epson Moverio BT-35E, BT-40(S), BT-45C(S)
Smartglasses
Series of Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs)
body-coloured AMG flared wheel arches with 5-twin-spoke light-alloy wheels, carbon optics stripes, an AMG radiator grille, 18-inch alloys, extra chrome trims inside
Mercedes-Benz_G-Class
Irish mathematician and physicist (1805–1865)
made numerous major contributions to algebra, classical mechanics, and optics. His theoretical works and mathematical equations are considered fundamental
William_Rowan_Hamilton
Assault rifle
at the 12 o'clock position allows for the adaptation of various aiming optics. The shoulder stock is a telescoping 6 position type stock which is adjustable
CAR_816
High-end smartphone line by Huawei
scheme. The P30 Pro features three rear-facing camera lenses with Leica optics, including a 40-megapixel lens, 20-megapixel ultra-wide angle lens, an 8-megapixel
Huawei_P30
American digital photography company
technology of the prototype included over 10 apertures and used folded optics to bounce light off of mirrors and send it down multiple lens barrels onto
Light_(company)
Self-driving vehicle technology company
Report. March 1, 2021. "Aurora targets trucking with $2BN SPAC merger plan". optics.org. Retrieved 2021-07-28. Hull, Dana (March 30, 2021). "Driverless Tech
Aurora_Innovation
Optical ranging devices
is by no means as great as would be anticipated from simple geometrical optics. The report concludes with the belief that stereoscopic and coincidence
Coincidence_rangefinder
NASA/ESA/CSA space telescope launched in 2021
telescopes, which must continually adjust their mirror segments using active optics to overcome the effects of gravitational and wind loading. The Webb telescope
James_Webb_Space_Telescope
of stock almost everywhere, still shipping 'while supplies last'". The Verge. Vox Media, Inc. Retrieved 23 May 2019. While we don't comment on specific
List of virtual reality headsets
List_of_virtual_reality_headsets
Type of machine learning model
November 2024). "OpenAI erases evidence in training data lawsuit". The Verge. Retrieved 22 November 2024. Peng, Zhencan; Wang, Zhizhi; Deng, Dong (13
Large_language_model
English polymath (1642–1727)
established classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with the German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Isaac_Newton
Form of 3D computer interaction merging the real world with virtual objects
register virtual content to the environment; research also explores near-eye optics, projection-based AR, and experimental concepts such as contact-lens or
Augmented_reality
Military parade in Washington, D.C.
Armed Services committees skipping the parade. Concern was raised over the optics of the parade, with NBC News describing Pentagon worries for the initial
United States Army 250th Anniversary Parade
United_States_Army_250th_Anniversary_Parade
Display technology
made the displays bright enough to be used during the day, and adaptive optics have allowed systems to dynamically correct for irregularities in the eye
Virtual_retinal_display
Digital optical disc format
(100 GB) discs had been demonstrated on a drive with modified optics and standard unaltered optics. Hitachi stated that such a disc could be used to store 7 hours
Blu-ray
holograms do not depend on wave optics, photographic media, or lasers. The principle of operation is purely one of geometric optics: A point light source produces
Specular_holography
Documentary TV series and book by James Burke
stars, the "discovery" of Brazil, Holland's tolerance, diamond merchants, optics, microscopes, beasts of science, Frankenstein's monster, and finally New
Connections (British TV series)
Connections_(British_TV_series)
Trace Holdings, backed by Peninsula Capital Partners and Lake Oswego-based VergePointe Capital. "Latest Laser Sight News and Events - Crimson Trace Lasergrips"
Crimson_Trace
Computational model used in machine learning
space-invariant interconnections and its optical architecture". Applied Optics. 29 (32): 4790–7. Bibcode:1990ApOpt..29.4790Z. doi:10.1364/AO.29.004790
Neural network (machine learning)
Neural_network_(machine_learning)
American venture capitalist
career in product management, with early stints working at AT&T and SynOptics, which later became Bay Networks. Goetz became a vice president at Bay Networks
Jim_Goetz
9th episode of the 2nd season of Severance
"Trojan's Horse". As seen in "Sweet Vitriol". As seen in "The Grim Barbarity of Optics and Design". As seen in "The We We Are". Gomez, Dessi (February 24, 2025)
The_After_Hours_(Severance)
American developer of vision technology for self-driving cars
Spectrum. Retrieved July 17, 2020. Optics.org staff (13 April 2017). "Luminar enters lidar fray with $36M splash". Optics.org. Retrieved July 17, 2020. Darrell
Luminar_Technologies
American television series (2022–present)
as Burt G. / Burt Goodman, another severed employee and the head of the Optics and Design (O&D) division who is drawn to Irving. Patricia Arquette as Harmony
Severance_(TV_series)
Religious group
Notable Sikhs in science include nuclear scientist Piara Singh Gill, fibre-optics pioneer Narinder Singh Kapany; and physicist, science writer and broadcaster
Sikhs
American conservative political commentator and author (born 1988)
Martha's Vineyard at the time, admitted that he should have "anticipated the optics" of golfing immediately after making a press statement on Foley's death
Kayleigh_McEnany
Eighth planet from the Sun
Hubble Space Telescope and of large ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics allowed for detailed observations. Voyager 2, which flew by Neptune on 25 August
Neptune
2022 American television miniseries
served as the cinematographer, and he used Sony VENICE camera with Cooke Optics' S4/I lenses, while Pankaj Bajpai served as the colorist. Although always
The Woman in the House Across the Street from the Girl in the Window
The_Woman_in_the_House_Across_the_Street_from_the_Girl_in_the_Window
Series of HyperOS-based smartphones
TOF 3D camera for depth measurement. All models also use LEICA SUMMILUX optics. The main cameras of the Xiaomi 14 and Xiaomi 14 Pro can record video at
Xiaomi_14
Exercise". Malaysian Defence. 12 May 2017. "Is the Malaysian Army on the Verge of Adopting the CAR 816 Rifle ??". Defence Security Asia. 23 July 2023.
List of equipment of the Malaysian Army
List_of_equipment_of_the_Malaysian_Army
2025. "Jesse Ramsden (1735-1800)". Molecular Expressions | Pioneers of Optics. Florida State University. 13 November 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2025. "Henry
Timeline of historic inventions
Timeline_of_historic_inventions
Finnish and American software engineer (born 1969)
July 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2010. Margot, Jean-Luc (2004). "Adaptive Optics Observations of Kalliope-Linus". UCLA. Archived from the original on 15
Linus_Torvalds
Type of wearable device
time. These techniques include diffraction optics, holographic optics, polarized optics, and reflective optics: Diffractive waveguide – slanted diffraction
Optical see-through head-mounted display
Optical_see-through_head-mounted_display
Telescope in La Palma, Spain
years after it was made. The primary is solid and un-thinned, so no active optics system is required, despite its weight of 16.5 tonnes (16.2 long tons).
William_Herschel_Telescope
Chinese multinational electronics company
industry customized terminals. The government of Qingdao erased Hisense Optics Co Ltd's debts and gave its assets to the Hisense Group in 1995. This subsidiary
Hisense
American-Israeli designer and academic
1, 2015). "US group develops 3D-printing technique for optical glass". optics.org. SPIE. Retrieved August 12, 2016. "MIT's Neri Oxman on the True Beauty
Neri_Oxman
SI unit of time
signals must be developed before the second is redefined, such as fiber-optics. SI prefixes are commonly used for times shorter than one second, but rarely
Second
the Huawei P20 Pro, one of the first triple camera lens setups with Leica optics. In late 2018, Samsung released a new mid-range smartphone, the Galaxy A9
History_of_smartphones
Lowest theoretical temperature
achieve femtokelvin temperatures. In May 2006, the Institute of Quantum Optics at the University of Hannover gave details of technologies and benefits
Absolute_zero
Means of communication using light
fiber bandwidth with far more channels. Optelecom and its head of Light Optics, engineer David Huber and Kevin Kimberlin co-founded Ciena Corp in 1992
Optical_networking
2014 film by Alex Garland
while Ex Machina replaces the stitches and neck bolts with gears and fiber-optics, it all feels an awful lot like the same story". Jaime Perales Contreras
Ex_Machina_(film)
Computer hardware interface
2020). "Thunderbolt flaw allows access to a PC's data in minutes". The Verge. Retrieved May 11, 2020. "Thunderclap: Exploring Vulnerabilities in Operating
Thunderbolt_(interface)
2019 book by Janelle Shane
Why It's Making the World a Weirder Place is a 2019 nonfiction book by optics research scientist Janelle Shane. The book documents experiences the author
You Look Like a Thing and I Love You
You_Look_Like_a_Thing_and_I_Love_You
Communication using lasers in outer space
internet drone". The Verge. Retrieved 24 February 2018. SPIE Europe. "Thales signs deal on optically connected satellites". optics.org. Retrieved 24 February
Laser_communication_in_space
American astronaut and lunar explorer (born 1935)
1978; director of the Robbins Company from 1986 to 1989 and Amherst Fiber Optics in 2000; chairman of Duke Resources from 1988 to 1993 and Texcor from 1989
Charles_Duke
VERGENCE OPTICS
VERGENCE OPTICS
Girl/Female
Latin
Chaste; virginal.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Latin
Smooth; Polished; Feminine of Terence
Male
English
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Toirdhealbhach, TERRENCE means "instigator." Variant spelling of English Terence, possibly meaning "rub, turn, twist."Â
Male
English
 Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Toirdhealbhach, TERENCE means "instigator." English form of Latin Terentius, possibly meaning "rub, turn, twist."Â
Girl/Female
German
Protector.
Boy/Male
Armenian, Australian
Vengeance
Boy/Male
Irish American English Norse Gaelic Latin
Tender.
Boy/Male
Irish Teutonic
Son of Terrence.
Boy/Male
Irish
Son of Terrence.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Latin, Swedish, Swiss
Summer; To Harvest; Form of Theresa; Harvester; Female Version of Terence
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, German, Irish, Latin
Smooth; Tender; Form of Terence; Gracious; Good; Polished; Instigator; Rub; Turn; Twist
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Gaelic, Irish, Scottish
Watchtower; Form of Terence; Tender; Gracious; Good; Little Hills; Victory; Castle
Boy/Male
Irish
From an Irish name meaning “â€one who aids or assists.â€â€ It is usually translated as Terence and Terry, two names that have become strongly associated with Ireland. Turlough O’Carolan was a 17th century blind harpist and composer who wrote one of the most haunting pieces of Irish music, “â€O’Carolan’s Concerto.â€â€
Boy/Male
Latin American English Irish Norse
Smooth.
Girl/Female
Latin
Sacred limb.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, German, Irish, Latin
Smooth; Old Form of the Roman Clan Name Terrance; Tender; Gracious; Good; Polished; Instigator; Rub; Turn; Twist
Girl/Female
German, Latin, Slavic
Faith; Protector; Truth; Truthful; Wisdom
Girl/Female
Greek
Goddess of vengeance.
Girl/Female
French
Born in the spring.
Girl/Female
American, Australian
Faith
VERGENCE OPTICS
VERGENCE OPTICS
Girl/Female
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Beautiful; Flowers
Boy/Male
Tamil
Shresht | à®·à¯à®°à¯‡à®·à¯à®ŸÂ
The best, Ultimate, Another name for Vishnu, Foremost, First, Perfection, Best of all
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Enterprising; Courageous
Boy/Male
Hindu
Collected
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
Rules by the Spear; Variant of Garret from Gerald
Female
Norse
Feminine form of Old Norse Tófi, a short form of names starting with Torf- or Torv-, TÓFA means "Þórr" or "thunder."
Boy/Male
Hindu
Biblical
a wolf's house
Girl/Female
English
Marigold (flower name). Mary's gold - refers to both the flower and the mother of Jesus.
Boy/Male
Australian, French, Greek, Hebrew, Latin
Lover of the Earth
VERGENCE OPTICS
VERGENCE OPTICS
VERGENCE OPTICS
VERGENCE OPTICS
VERGENCE OPTICS
n.
Divergence.
a.
Divided by pallets, or pales; paly.
n.
Harm; mischief.
n.
Avengement; penal retribution; vengeance.
n.
Heat; fervency.
pl.
of Emergence
n.
Vengeance.
v. i.
To take vengeance.
n.
The act of verging or approaching; tendency; approach.
n.
Vengeance; revenge.
n.
A small pale.
n.
Alt. of Divergency
n.
Punishment inflicted in return for an injury or an offense; retribution; -- often, in a bad sense, passionate or unrestrained revenge.
n.
The goddess of retribution or vengeance; hence, retributive justice personified; divine vengeance.
n.
One who takes vengeance.
n.
Vengeance; revenge.
n.
The act of rising out of a fluid, or coming forth from envelopment or concealment, or of rising into view; sudden uprisal or appearance.
v. i.
To take vengeance; -- with
n.
The reciprocal of the focal distance of a lens, used as measure of the divergence or convergence of a pencil of rays.
n.
See Divergence.