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Logical fallacy equating naming something with explaining it
The nominal fallacy, also known as the naming-explaining fallacy, is a logical fallacy in which it is incorrectly assumed that giving something a name
Nominal_fallacy
contain fallacies. Because of their variety, fallacies are challenging to classify. They can be classified by their structure (formal fallacies) or content
List_of_fallacies
Argument that uses faulty reasoning
A fallacy is the use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning in the construction of an argument that may appear to be well-reasoned if unnoticed. The
Fallacy
Philosophy emphasizing names and labels
In metaphysics, nominalism is the view that universals and abstract objects do not actually exist other than being merely names or labels. There are two
Nominalism
Total market value of goods and services produced within a country
such modern conveniences did not exist then. Broken window fallacy - The Broken window fallacy is an economic phenomenon stating that GDP will treat money
Gross_domestic_product
Relationship between an object and a representation of that object
and indirect realism Fallacy of misplaced concreteness Good regulator Ludic fallacy Mental model Mind projection fallacy Nominalism Non-Aristotelian logic
Map–territory_relation
Distinction between nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio variables
best-known classification with four levels, or scales, of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. This framework of distinguishing levels
Level_of_measurement
Misinterpretation of statistical significance
are thus analogous to probability's Fallacy of the Transformed Conditional and in turn to categorical logic's Fallacy of Illicit Conversion. A frequentist
Misuse_of_p-values
Apparent, but false, correlation between causally-independent variables
the presence of a unit root in both variables. In particular, any two nominal economic variables are likely to be correlated with each other, even when
Spurious_relationship
School of macroeconomic thought
is a school of macroeconomics that advocates that central banks use a nominal GDP level target instead of inflation, unemployment, or other measures
Market_monetarism
Set of statements constructed to describe a set of facts which clarifies causes
Unity of opposites Evidence Explanation Explanatory power Fact Fallacy List of fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda
Explanation
Form of reasoning
arguments, which do not follow a rule of inference, are called formal fallacies. Rules of inference are definitory rules and contrast with strategic rules
Deductive_reasoning
Tool for assisting judgement in uncertainty
probability to stay close to the nominal value of 50%. The gambler's fallacy, also known as the Monte Carlo fallacy or the fallacy of the maturity of chances
Representativeness_heuristic
Gambler's fallacy, the tendency to think that future probabilities are altered by past events, when in reality they are unchanged. The fallacy arises from
List_of_cognitive_biases
Distinction between using a word and mentioning it
Stanisław Leśniewski extensively employed this distinction, noting the fallacies that can result from confusing it in Russell and Whitehead's Principia
Use–mention_distinction
Philosophical problem about what constitutes knowledge
Peirce and William James (1842–1910). In Peirce's view, the truth is nominally defined as a sign's correspondence to its object and pragmatically defined
Gettier_problem
Type of uncertainty of meaning where several interpretations are possible
entendre Equivocation Essentially contested concept Fallacy Formal fallacy Golden hammer Informal fallacy Pleonasm Semantics Uncertainty Volatility, uncertainty
Ambiguity
American economist (born 1953)
Retrieved June 15, 2015. Krugman, Paul (March 7, 2016). "Opinion | when Fallacies Collide". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 22,
Paul_Krugman
Statement that attaches a meaning to a term
definition Definable set Definitionism Denotation Extensional definition Fallacies of definition Indeterminacy Intensional definition Lexical definition
Definition
1323 textbook on logic by William of Ockham
deals with the fallacies of composition, and division. Chapter 9 deals with the fallacy of accent. Chapter 10 deals with the fallacy of 'figure of speech'
Sum_of_Logic
Philosophical question
physical entity Self Similarity (philosophy) Transcendental nominalism Tianxia Ubuntu philosophy Fallacy of composition As recorded in Diogenes Laërtius' Lives;
Problem_of_universals
Judgement, viewpoint, or statement that is not conclusive
it may deal with facts which are sought to be disputed by the logical fallacy that one is entitled to their opinions. Distinguishing fact from opinion
Opinion
Partition into two separate parts
such that either aRb, bRa, but not both. A false dichotomy is an informal fallacy consisting of a supposed dichotomy which fails one or both of the conditions:
Dichotomy
Analysis of facts to form a judgment
Mathematical logic Boolean algebra Set theory Other Logicians Rules of inference Paradoxes Fallacies Logic symbols Category Outline Portal WikiProject changes
Critical_thinking
Inference seeking the simplest and most likely explanation
many examples of errors, especially caused by the base rate fallacy and the prosecutor's fallacy. Belief revision, the process of adapting beliefs in view
Abductive_reasoning
Attempt to persuade or to determine the truth of a conclusion
construction (inductive arguments, for example). (See also: Formal fallacy and Informal fallacy). An argument is sound when the argument is valid and argument's
Argument
Datum or structured component of reality
include G. E. Moore, who called attempting to do so the naturalistic fallacy. Factuality—what has occurred—can also be contrasted with counterfactuality:
Fact
Overview of and topical guide to logic
Nominalism Polylogism Pragmatism Preintuitionism Proof theory Psychologism Ramism Semantic theory of truth Sophism Trivialism Ultrafinitism Fallacy (list)
Outline_of_logic
Useful connection between topics
Unity of opposites Evidence Explanation Explanatory power Fact Fallacy List of fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda
Relevance
1860–1917 Russian movement advocating negation and liberation
Schools Absurdism Agnosticism Atheism Buddhism Determinism Existentialism Nominalism Noneism Pessimism Presentism Postmodernism Reductionism Skepticism Solipsism
Russian_nihilist_movement
Branch of logic
their informal logic texts. Informal logic is associated with informal fallacies, critical thinking, the thinking skills movement and the interdisciplinary
Informal_logic
Study of correct reasoning
of their topic and content. Informal logic is associated with informal fallacies, critical thinking, and argumentation theory. Informal logic examines
Logic
View that mathematics does not necessarily represent reality, but is more akin to a game
Unity of opposites Evidence Explanation Explanatory power Fact Fallacy List of fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda
Formalism (philosophy of mathematics)
Formalism_(philosophy_of_mathematics)
Range to estimate an unknown parameter
Hoekstra, R.; Rouder, J. N.; Lee, M. D.; Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2016). "The Fallacy of Placing Confidence in Confidence Intervals". Psychonomic Bulletin &
Confidence_interval
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
ceremonial position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, the nominal head of state. The institutions at lower levels were overseen and at times
Soviet_Union
View that there are statements that are both true and false
Unity of opposites Evidence Explanation Explanatory power Fact Fallacy List of fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda
Dialetheism
Bearer of truth values
premises support conclusions in good arguments and how they fail to do so in fallacies. The strongest form of support is found in deductively valid arguments
Proposition
Factors influencing economic decisions
heads occurring is still 50%. Hot hand fallacy The hot hand fallacy is the opposite of the gambler's fallacy. It is the belief that an event that has
Behavioral_economics
Inability to think and behave rationally despite adequate intelligence
ISBN 9780262034845. OCLC 946254542. Walton, Douglas N. (2010). "Why fallacies appear to be better arguments than they are". Informal Logic. 30 (2):
Dysrationalia
Paradox in economics
may be harmful to an economy. The paradox of thrift is an example of the fallacy of composition, the idea that what is true of the parts must always be
Paradox_of_thrift
Philosphical view that existence proofs must be constructive
Unity of opposites Evidence Explanation Explanatory power Fact Fallacy List of fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda
Constructivism (philosophy of mathematics)
Constructivism_(philosophy_of_mathematics)
Ontological thesis
dead Illusion Incompleteness theorems Infinite regress Last man Logical fallacy Meaninglessness Münchhausen trilemma Nonexistence Nothingness Paradox of
Mereological_nihilism
Approach in philosophy of mathematics and logic
Unity of opposites Evidence Explanation Explanatory power Fact Fallacy List of fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda
Intuitionism
Philosophical problem-solving principle
Unity of opposites Evidence Explanation Explanatory power Fact Fallacy List of fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda
Occam's_razor
Adhering absolutely to certain constraints with consistency
scope of available knowledge on the topic. It actively avoids logical fallacy. Furthermore, it requires a sceptical assessment of the available knowledge
Rigour
Study of collection and analysis of data
effect and the uncertainty surrounding it. Fallacy of the transposed conditional, aka prosecutor's fallacy: criticisms arise because the hypothesis testing
Statistics
French phrase
dead Illusion Incompleteness theorems Infinite regress Last man Logical fallacy Meaninglessness Münchhausen trilemma Nonexistence Nothingness Paradox of
Après_moi,_le_déluge
Steps in reasoning
nowhere? To hide them, of course. An incorrect inference is known as a fallacy. Philosophers who study informal logic have compiled large lists of them
Inference
G.C. Peden (2004), Keynes and His Critics, p. 80 DeLong, Brad. "Fama's Fallacy". Retrieved 2009-02-26. Waldmann, Robert. "Background on "fresh water"
Treasury_view
Accounting model
accounting. Financial capital maintenance in nominal monetary units per se during inflation and deflation is a fallacy: it is impossible to maintain the real
Constant purchasing power accounting
Constant_purchasing_power_accounting
Type of map that visualizes data
information can result in interpretation issues such as the Ecological fallacy and the Modifiable areal unit problem. Choropleth maps, in almost all cases
Thematic_map
Believability of a source or message
Unity of opposites Evidence Explanation Explanatory power Fact Fallacy List of fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda
Credibility
Wagering something of value on a random event
balls and one blue ball). Gambler's fallacy/positive recency bias. Casino Faro Ladies Gambler's conceit Gambler's fallacy Gambler's ruin Gambling mathematics
Gambling
Pretending to treat something as literally true (a "useful fiction")
Unity of opposites Evidence Explanation Explanatory power Fact Fallacy List of fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda
Fictionalism
Communication used to influence opinion
propaganda. Many of these same techniques can be found under logical fallacies, since propagandists use arguments that, while sometimes convincing, are
Propaganda
Research program at Princeton University that studied parapsychology
638-646. Jeffers, Stanley (May–June 2006). "The PEAR proposition: Fact or fallacy?". Skeptical Inquirer. 30 (3). Retrieved 2014-01-24. Hansel, C.E.M. (1989)
Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Lab
Princeton_Engineering_Anomalies_Research_Lab
Philosophical theory
dead Illusion Incompleteness theorems Infinite regress Last man Logical fallacy Meaninglessness Münchhausen trilemma Nonexistence Nothingness Paradox of
Metaphysical_nihilism
Precisely specified semantic version of a statement
the structure of an argument Logical fallacy – Faulty deductive reasoning due to a logical flaw Informal fallacy – Form of incorrect argument in natural
Logical_form
Philosophy of mathematics that accepts the existence only of finite mathematical objects
Unity of opposites Evidence Explanation Explanatory power Fact Fallacy List of fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda
Finitism
Large container for holding water in which a person may bathe
with campaigns taking aim at Taft's weight, resulting in the bathtub fallacy. The Crane Company introduced colored bathroom fixtures to the United States
Bathtub
Knowledge of the hidden or the paranormal
foundation of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Use of the term as a nominalized adjective ('the occult') has developed especially since the late twentieth
Occult
Economic hypothesis
necessarily be more work available if wages drop is an example of the fallacy of composition. The paradox of toil was proposed by Gauti Eggertsson in
Paradox_of_toil
Probability puzzle
problem is a brain teaser, in the form of a probability puzzle, based nominally on the American television game show Let's Make a Deal and named after
Monty_Hall_problem
Property of predicates in linguistics and philosophy
man Mathematical fallacy In quantificational logic Existential Illicit conversion Proof by example Quantifier shift Syllogistic fallacy Affirmative conclusion
Vagueness
Application of logical methods to philosophical problems
also reflected in informal logic, which categorizes such inferences as fallacies of relevance. Relevance logic tries to avoid these cases by requiring
Philosophical_logic
Type of investigation
Unity of opposites Evidence Explanation Explanatory power Fact Fallacy List of fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda
Inquiry
Japanese economic policy under Shinzo Abe
it for more than two decades". During Abe's tenure, the rate of Japan's nominal GDP growth was higher, and the ratio of government debt relative to national
Abenomics
American actress (1944–2018)
obscure this—and accommodate her revisionist narrative—she often peddled the fallacy of having gotten married "right out of high school," or as one ill-informed
Sondra_Locke
Cognitive process independent of the senses
formal fallacy, for example, "If Othello is a bachelor, then he is male. Othello is not a bachelor. Therefore, Othello is not male". Informal fallacies, on
Thought
Philosophy concerning self-regarding motivations or behaviour
dead Illusion Incompleteness theorems Infinite regress Last man Logical fallacy Meaninglessness Münchhausen trilemma Nonexistence Nothingness Paradox of
Egoism
Ability of a theory to explain a subject
Unity of opposites Evidence Explanation Explanatory power Fact Fallacy List of fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda
Explanatory_power
King of Kartli from 1716 to 1724
the country, gave the throne to his brother Jesse, who again became a nominal Muslim. In these invasions by Turkey, Persia, Dagestanis and Afghans, three-fourths
Vakhtang_VI
Disputed equity valuation model
valuation that compares the stock market's forward earnings yield to the nominal yield on long-term government bonds, and that the stock market – as a whole
Fed_model
Type of cooperative argumentative dialogue
Docere Device Eloquence Eloquentia perfecta Eunoia Enthymeme Facilitas Fallacy Informal Figure of speech Scheme Trope Five canons Inventio Dispositio
Socratic_method
Type of data visualization for geographic regions
regional unit symbolized. Because of this, issues such as the ecological fallacy and the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) can lead to major misinterpretations
Choropleth_map
Repetition of one expression as part of another one
original works on the topic: Quotations Block quotation Escape character Fallacy of quoting out of context Musical quotation Nested quotation Scare quotes
Quotation
Monetary principle
Gresham's law, "good money" is money that shows little difference between its nominal value (the face value of the coin) and its melt value (the intrinsic value
Gresham's_law
Spending in excess of revenue
viewed as profligate spending as his #1 fallacy of Financial Fundamentalism when he commented: This fallacy seems to stem from a false analogy to borrowing
Deficit_spending
Demonetisation of Indian banknotes
flawed because it had compared real GDP growth with nominal growth of currency supply. It noted that nominal GDP growth had summed to over 80 percent between
2016 Indian banknote demonetisation
2016_Indian_banknote_demonetisation
Theory that life is meaningless
accepted. One of its shortcomings seems to be that it commits the is-ought fallacy: absurdism presents itself as a descriptive claim about the existence and
Absurdism
Two types of knowledge, justification, or argument
Transcendental empiricism Transcendental hermeneutic phenomenology Transcendental nominalism Vorstellung In this pair of articles, Stephen Palmquist demonstrates that
A_priori_and_a_posteriori
Study of Earth's spatial information
example of a form of qualitative cartography is a Chorochromatic map of nominal data, such as land cover or dominant language group in an area. Another
Geography
Philosophical concept
exaggerated realism) in this context, contrasted with conceptualism and nominalism, holds that such universals really exist, independently and somehow prior
Philosophical_realism
Art of persuasion
justified true belief. However, the Gettier Problem explores the room for fallacy in this concept. Therefore, the Gettier Problem impedes the effectivity
Rhetoric
Concept of rebirth in different physical form
between 20 and 30 percent of persons in western countries who may be nominal Christians also believe in reincarnation. One 1999 study by Walter and
Reincarnation
Form of novel from late 19th-century Russian literature
dead Illusion Incompleteness theorems Infinite regress Last man Logical fallacy Meaninglessness Münchhausen trilemma Nonexistence Nothingness Paradox of
Anti-nihilistic_novel
U.S.-led campaign against illegal drug use and trade
Gustavo (June 14, 2021). "It's time to end five decades of strategic fallacy". Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 22, 2025. Retrieved
War_on_drugs
British author (born 1969)
pseuds looking for something clever-looking to read on the plane "Flaccid fallacies". guardian. London, UK. 25 March 2000. Archived from the original on 23
Alain_de_Botton
Covert operation designed to deceive
to seize Manchuria and create a puppet government in the form of the nominally independent state of Manchukuo. The Gleiwitz incident in 1939 involved
False_flag
Branch of the medical profession
KC (March 2004). "Naturopathy, pseudoscience, and medicine: myths and fallacies vs truth". MedGenMed. 6 (1): 33. PMC 1140750. PMID 15208545. Russell J
Osteopathic medicine in the United States
Osteopathic_medicine_in_the_United_States
Herzegovina, provinces in the Balkans. Bosnia and Herzegovina had been nominally under the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire but administered by Austria-Hungary
Causes_of_World_War_I
Philosophical study of morality
this position often emphasize this uniqueness by claiming that it is a fallacy to define ethics in terms of natural entities or to infer prescriptive
Ethics
English mathematician and philosopher (1872–1970)
reference theory Double negation Epistemic structural realism Existential fallacy Failure of reference Knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge by description
Bertrand_Russell
Indian reformer and writer (1772–1833)
the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 29 November 2015. Preface to "Fallacy of the New Dispensation" by Sivanath Sastri, 1895 Patel, Tanvi (22 May
Raja_Ram_Mohan_Roy
Study of demons or beliefs about demons
they are regarded as inoffensive in the main. Passers-by must make some nominal offering as they near the spirits' residence. The occasional mischievous
Demonology
Branch of ethics
Moore's open question argument against what he considered the naturalistic fallacy was largely responsible for the birth of metaethical research in contemporary
Metaethics
Subjective attitude that something is true
Unity of opposites Evidence Explanation Explanatory power Fact Fallacy List of fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda
Belief
Ability of a person to regulate themselves with the use of reason
Unity of opposites Evidence Explanation Explanatory power Fact Fallacy List of fallacies Hypothesis Inquiry Opinion Parsimony (Occam's razor) Premise Propaganda
Prudence
Country in South Asia
"Opinion | Inorganic Fertilizer and Agrochemicals Ban in Sri Lanka and Fallacies of Organic Agriculture". Agrigate Global. 11 May 2021. Archived from the
Sri_Lanka
Philosophical idea that only one's own mind is sure to exist
Schools Absurdism Agnosticism Atheism Buddhism Determinism Existentialism Nominalism Noneism Pessimism Presentism Postmodernism Reductionism Skepticism Solipsism
Solipsism
NOMINAL FALLACY
NOMINAL FALLACY
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Nominate for Particular Work
Girl/Female
Muslim
Faithful, Truly believing
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Always Smile
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Gift achievement
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Sikh
A Precious Stone
Female
Scottish
Scottish form of English Norma, NORMINA means "northman."
Girl/Female
Muslim
Precious gem, Stone
Girl/Female
Hindu
Precious gem, Stone
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Pashtun
Faithful; Truly Believing; Believer (in Islam); Female Version of Mumin
Girl/Female
American, Arabic, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Oriya, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
A Precious Stone; Like a Diamond; Truthful; Union; Fruit
Girl/Female
Latin
Honor.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Faithful Truly Believing
Girl/Female
Native American
Fruit.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Precious gem, Stone
Girl/Female
Australian, Chinese, Finnish, German, Italian, Latin, Swedish
Place Name; The Capital City; Rome; Woman Form Rome
Girl/Female
Indian
Faithful, Truly believing
Boy/Male
Tamil
Girl/Female
French, German, Greek, Irish, Latin
Light; Honor; Diminutive of Nora
Female
Arthurian
, lady, domina; or, heart's-sorrow.
NOMINAL FALLACY
NOMINAL FALLACY
Boy/Male
Japanese
tree.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Eldest Pandava Brother
Girl/Female
Indian
Pious, Righteous
Boy/Male
Muslim
Moderate, Average
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Goddess Parvati
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Lord Krishna
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Without Comparison
Boy/Male
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
God's Grace; Gods Blessing
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Jamaican
Love; Beauty; Truth
Male
Gypsy/Romani
 Possibly a Romani form of Arabic Guda, GUDADA means "excellence."
NOMINAL FALLACY
NOMINAL FALLACY
NOMINAL FALLACY
NOMINAL FALLACY
NOMINAL FALLACY
a.
Somnial; somniatory.
n.
A nominalist.
n.
A name; an appellation.
a.
Having a mixture of seriousness and sport; serious and comical.
a.
Of or pertaining to the nodes; from a node to the same node again; as, the nodical revolutions of the moon.
a.
Binominal.
a.
Given to foolish or visionary expectations; whimsical; fanciful; as, a notional man.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Nominate
a.
Existing in name only; not real; as, a nominal difference.
n.
Seminal state.
a.
Exciting mirth; droll; laughable; as, a comical story.
a.
Nominal; existing only in name.
a.
Of or pertaining to a name or names; having to do with the literal meaning of a word; verbal; as, a nominal definition.
n.
The quality of being comical; something comical.
a.
Notional.
n.
A verb formed from a noun.
imp. & p. p.
of Nominate
adv.
In a nominal manner; by name; in name only; not in reality.
a.
Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, seed or semen; as, the seminal fluid.
a.
Contained in seed; holding the relation of seed, source, or first principle; holding the first place in a series of developed results or consequents; germinal; radical; primary; original; as, seminal principles of generation; seminal virtue.