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Molecular-scale artificial or biological device
Molecular machines are a class of molecules typically described as an assembly of a discrete number of molecular components intended to produce mechanical
Molecular_machine
Proposed nanotechnological device
precision". A molecular assembler is a molecular machine. Some biological molecules such as ribosomes fit this definition as biological machines. This is because
Molecular_assembler
Technology
nanotechnology (or molecular manufacturing) would make use of positionally-controlled mechanosynthesis guided by molecular machine systems. MNT would
Molecular_nanotechnology
Powered mechanical device
motors, but also to natural biological macromolecules, such as molecular machines. Machines can be driven by animals and human power, by natural forces such
Machine
feasibility of constructing molecular assemblers, which are molecular machines that could robotically assemble molecular materials and devices by manipulating
Drexler–Smalley debate on molecular nanotechnology
Drexler–Smalley_debate_on_molecular_nanotechnology
Man-made molecular machines
Synthetic molecular motors are molecular machines capable of continuous directional rotation under an energy input. Although the term "molecular motor" has
Synthetic_molecular_motor
Emerging technology field
largely in the research and development phase, but some primitive molecular machines and nanomotors have been tested. An example is a sensor having a switch
Nanorobotics
Biological macromolecule
A molecular demon or biological molecular machine is a biological macromolecule that resembles and seems to have the same properties as Maxwell's demon
Molecular_demon
Technology with features near one nanometer
on molecular machine systems. The premise was that molecular-scale biological analogies of traditional machine components demonstrated molecular machines
Nanotechnology
Biological molecular machines
Molecular motors are natural (biological) or artificial molecular machines that are the essential agents of movement in living organisms. In general terms
Molecular_motor
Macromolecular machine that synthesizes proteins in cells
responsible for the synthesis of proteins. A ribosome functions as a molecular machine in the translation of strands of messenger RNA (mRNA) and production
Ribosome
Enzyme
diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). ATP synthase is a molecular machine. The overall reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase is: ADP + Pi + 2H+out
ATP_synthase
Type of molecule
interchangeably with the term molecular machine, a switch does not perform work upon a change in its shape whereas a machine does. However, photochromic
Photoswitch
A molecular shuttle in supramolecular chemistry is a special type of molecular machine capable of shuttling molecules or ions from one location to another
Molecular_shuttle
Molecular machine constructed from DNA
A DNA machine is a molecular machine constructed from DNA. Research into DNA machines was pioneered in the late 1980s by Nadrian Seeman and co-workers
DNA_machine
A molecular sensor or chemosensor is a molecular structure (organic or inorganic complexes) that is used for sensing of an analyte to produce a detectable
Molecular_sensor
Hypothetical end-of-the-world scenario
global catastrophic scenario involving molecular nanotechnology in which out-of-control self-replicating machines consume all biomass (and perhaps also
Gray_goo
Molecule with ability to reversibly switch states
A molecular switch is a molecule that can be switched between two or more stable or metastable states with the use of any external (exogenous) or internal
Molecular_switch
Electrically neutral group of two or more atoms
molecules Molecular biology Molecular design software Molecular engineering Molecular geometry Molecular Hamiltonian Molecular ion Molecular modelling
Molecule
Interlocked molecular structure resembling a dumbbell
interlocked molecular architectures, such as catenanes, has been focused on their efficient synthesis or their utilization as artificial molecular machines. However
Rotaxane
Molecule that performs a logical operation
A molecular logic gate is a molecule that performs a logical operation based on at least one physical or chemical inputs and a single output. The field
Molecular_logic_gate
Hungarian-American chemist (born 1944)
effects, and are present in many of the molecular machines pursued in other laboratories today. Efforts in molecular recognition in the 1980s, led to cleft-like
Julius_Rebek
British chemist (born 1963)
complex molecular knot made to date, and a molecular endless knot (the smallest Chinese knot). In 2013 the Leigh group reported a small-molecule machine capable
David_Leigh_(scientist)
Chemical compound
smallest hot rod, is a molecular nanocar. The design improves on previous nanocar designs and is a step towards creating molecular machines. The name comes from
Nanocar
Award
towards the goal of constructing atomically precise products through molecular machine systems. Input on prize candidates comes from both Foresight Institute
Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology
Feynman_Prize_in_Nanotechnology
Scientific competition
5 nanometers per hour were expected. Nanocars are a new class of molecular machines that can roll across solid surfaces with structurally defined direction
Nanocar_Race
Large molecular machine for synthesizing proteins from messenger RNA
Ribosomes are a large and complex molecular machine that catalyzes the synthesis of proteins, referred to as translation. The ribosome selects aminoacylated
Eukaryotic_ribosome
Term for chemical syntheses
tools for molecular engineering. Broader exploitation of mechanosynthesis awaits more advanced technology for constructing molecular machine systems, with
Mechanosynthesis
Nanoscale machine
Brownian motors are nanoscale or molecular machines that use chemical reactions to generate directed motion in space. The theory behind Brownian motors
Brownian_motor
Molecules connected due to their topology
gel Rotaxane Catenane Molecular knot Molecular Borromean rings Browne, Wesley R.; Feringa, Ben L. (2006). "Making molecular machines work". Nature Nanotechnology
Mechanically interlocked molecular architectures
Mechanically_interlocked_molecular_architectures
Cellular appendage functioning as locomotive or sensory organelle
The Bacterial Flagellar Motor: Structure and Function of a Complex Molecular Machine, International Review of Cytology, vol. 233, Elsevier, pp. 93–134
Flagellum
1986 book written by K. Eric Drexler
prediction of what might happen if molecular nanotechnology were used to build uncontrollable self-replicating machines. Topics also include hypertext as
Engines_of_Creation
Theory of evolution by changes at the molecular level
The neutral theory of molecular evolution holds that most evolutionary changes occur at the molecular level, and most of the variation within and between
Neutral theory of molecular evolution
Neutral_theory_of_molecular_evolution
Scottish chemist (1942–2024)
Feringa and Jean-Pierre Sauvage in 2016 for the design and synthesis of molecular machines. Fraser Stoddart was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on 24 May 1942,
Fraser_Stoddart
American engineer (born 1955)
(born April 25, 1955) is an American engineer best known for introducing molecular nanotechnology (MNT), and his studies of its potential from the 1970s
K._Eric_Drexler
Filter material with homogeneously sized pores in the nanometer range
A molecular sieve is a material with pores of uniform size comparable to that of individual molecules, linking the interior of the solid to its exterior
Molecular_sieve
Type of interstellar cloud
A molecular cloud—sometimes called a stellar nursery if star formation is occurring within—is a type of interstellar cloud of which the density and size
Molecular_cloud
Interdisciplinary research area
machines and their nanoscale dynamics are far more complex than any molecular machines that have yet been artificially constructed. These molecular motors
Molecular_biophysics
American/Canadian research chemist
American/Canadian research scientist working in quantum chemistry, molecular electronics, and molecular machines. Pietro was born in Jersey City, New Jersey. His education
William_J._Pietro
nanomachines to exact locations in the body. Cell Repair Machine Molecular and nanoscale machines with sensors, nanocomputers and tools, programmed to detect
Glossary_of_nanotechnology
Type of simplified mathematical model
possible. An example is given by the chemomechanical dynamics of a molecular machine, such as Kinesin. The coarse-grained modeling originates from work
Coarse-grained_modeling
Class of molecular proteins
Motor proteins are a class of molecular motors that can move along the cytoskeleton of cells. They do this by converting chemical energy into mechanical
Motor_protein
Family of transport protein complexes
PMID 22230956. Snapshot view of the V-ATPase molecular machine: animals vs. fungi Archived 2012-04-28 at the Wayback Machine, University of Oregon (Accessed 2012-01-11)
V-ATPase
French chemist, Nobel laureate (born 1944)
effort towards making molecular machine. The other two recipients of the prize followed up by later creating a rotaxane and a molecular rotor. Other research
Jean-Pierre_Sauvage
Nucleic acid nanomachine
from linear to 2 and 3-dimensional, the ability to pick up and drop off molecular cargo, performing DNA-templated synthesis, and increased velocity of motion
DNA_walker
Molecular descriptors play a fundamental role in chemistry, pharmaceutical sciences, environmental protection policy, and health researches, as well as
Molecular_descriptor
for decades, because they can help build functional molecular machines with complicated molecular structure. Although there are no covalent bonds between
Polyrotaxane
Design and manufacture of artificial nucleic acid structures
polyhedra, and arbitrary shapes, and functional devices such as molecular machines and DNA computers. The field is beginning to be used as a tool to
DNA_nanotechnology
Organelle found on eukaryotic cells
glucagon-secreting alpha cells are highly ciliated. Molecular machine#Biological molecular machines – Molecular-scale artificial or biological device Protein
Cilium
Computer simulations to discover and understand chemical properties
Molecular dynamics (MD) is a computer simulation method for analyzing the physical movements of atoms and molecules. The atoms and molecules are allowed
Molecular_dynamics
Molecular complex
The replisome is a complex molecular machine that carries out replication of DNA. The replisome first unwinds double stranded DNA into two single strands
Replisome
Concept of a swarm of tiny robots
Thus, utility fog also came to be known as "the machine of the future". Grey goo Molecular machines Nanorobotics Nanotechnology Programmable matter Self-reconfiguring
Utility_fog
Argument by proponents of intelligent design
model to account for the gradual evolution of this extraordinary molecular machine. Ruling, Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, December 2005.
Irreducible_complexity
Scientific study of cuisine
Molecular gastronomy is the scientific approach of cuisine from primarily the perspective of chemistry. The composition (molecular structure), properties
Molecular_gastronomy
Branch of chemistry
chemistry include molecular self-assembly, molecular folding, molecular recognition, host–guest chemistry, mechanically-interlocked molecular architectures
Supramolecular_chemistry
Mode of locomotion in eukaryotic cells
hypothesize a novel biological model for collective biomechanical and molecular mechanisms of cellular motion. It is proposed that microdomains weave
Amoeboid_movement
other molecular devices. Technomimetics can be considered as the essential components of molecular machines and have the primary use in molecular nanotechnology
Technomimetics
Mass of a given molecule in daltons
The molecular mass (m) is the mass of a given molecule, often expressed in units of daltons (Da). Different molecules of the same compound may have different
Molecular_mass
copy-number regimes), and in biophysics (detecting state transitions in a molecular machine as recorded in time-position traces). For 2D signals, the related
Step_detection
bacteria. In a similar way, the assembly of a molecular propeller and a molecular motor can form a nanoscale machine that can pump fluids or perform locomotion
Molecular_propeller
documented prior to extraction. The fourth UV based technology (used by Molecular Machines and Industries AG) offers a slight difference to the 3rd technology
Laser_capture_microdissection
Creating cocktails using the equipment and techniques of molecular gastronomy
Molecular mixology is the process of creating cocktails using the equipment and techniques of molecular gastronomy. These methods enable the creation
Molecular_mixology
Number and arrangement of multiple folded protein subunits in a multi-subunit complex
complex and the spliceosome. The ribosome is probably the largest molecular machine, and is composed of many RNA and protein molecules. In some cases
Protein_quaternary_structure
Study of the 3D shapes of molecules
Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule. It includes the general shape of the molecule as well
Molecular_geometry
Dephosphorylation enzyme
related to Adenosine triphosphatases. "ATP synthase - a splendid molecular machine" ATPase at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings
ATPase
Predictive chemical model
machine learning is seen as a "black box", which fails to guide medicinal chemists. Recently there is a relatively new concept of matched molecular pair
Quantitative structure–activity relationship
Quantitative_structure–activity_relationship
Physical interactions and constructions between multiple proteins
their functions tend to be regulated. Many molecular processes within a cell are carried out by molecular machines that are built from numerous protein components
Protein–protein_interaction
Hierarchical outline list of articles related to the physical sciences
shock wave chemistry and physics, and even the burgeoning field of molecular machines. History of physical organic chemistry – history of the study of the
Outline_of_physical_science
Molecular machine that removes intron RNA from the primary transcript
underscores the importance of zinc in the splicing mechanism. The first molecular-resolution reconstruction of U4/U6.U5 triple small nuclear ribonucleoprotein
Spliceosome
Chemist
self-assembling molecular system for the finest possible interactions of molecules in a three-dimensional space; and 2) to create man-made molecular machines/molecular
Hao_Yan
Structure on the cell surface of many archaea that allows for swimming motility
helical filament that is attached to the cell membrane by a molecular motor. This molecular motor – composed of cytosolic, membrane, and pseudo-periplasmic
Archaellum
Non-coding RNA component of the spliceosome
component of the major or U2-dependent spliceosome – a eukaryotic molecular machine involved in the splicing of pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA). It forms
U4_spliceosomal_RNA
American physicist (born 1965)
in Newton, Massachusetts), is a tenured professor and head of the Molecular Machines group at the Center for Bits and Atoms at the MIT Media Lab, and is
Joseph_Jacobson
Dutch Nobel laureate in chemistry
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Feringa's research on molecular machines was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry alongside Sir J. Fraser
Ben_Feringa
Molecules which bind other molecules
Molecular tweezers, and molecular clips, are host molecules with open cavities capable of binding guest molecules. The open cavity of the molecular tweezers
Molecular_tweezers
American research non-profit organization
technologies for the long-term benefit of life and the biosphere: Molecular machines nanotechnology for building better materials, biotechnology for health
Foresight_Institute
Biological ability to detect and respond to cell population density
"Cell-to-cell signalling in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica". Molecular Microbiology. 52 (4): 933–945. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04054.x. PMID 15130116
Quorum_sensing
American biochemist (born 1978)
predictive understanding of how RNA molecules and their complexes form molecular machines fundamental to life. Das was trained as a physicist before switching
Rhiju_Das
Change in the heritable traits of populations
(15 September 2009). "The reducible complexity of a mitochondrial molecular machine". PNAS. 106 (37): 15791–15795. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10615791C. doi:10
Evolution
Theorem in statistical mathematics
meant by "reverse" is that it is possible to observe that these small molecular machines are able to generate work by taking heat from the environment. This
Fluctuation_theorem
Matter with biological processes
characterized by a multiscale, hierarchical organization, spanning from molecular machines to cells, organs, tissues, organisms, populations, ecosystems, up
Life
The BCL Molecular 18 was a range of 18-bit computers designed and manufactured in the UK from 1970 until the late 1980s. The machines were originally
BCL_Molecular
Form of crawling bacterial motility
Kaiser, Dale (2004). "Pulling together with type IV pili". Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology. 7 (1–2): 52–62. doi:10.1159/000077869
Twitching_motility
Computational materials scientist
William Goddard and Tahir Cagin for "work in modeling the operation of molecular machine designs." Qi graduated from Tsinghua University with a double B.S
Yue_Qi
Matter behavior at system scale
self-propelled-particles models, making use of agent-based models such as molecular dynamics algorithms or lattice-gas models, as well as computational studies
Active_matter
Security device
machines are not published, but a mass spectrometer detects compounds on a molecular level and would only be limited by the efficiency of the collection from
Puffer_machine
Molecule that carries genetic information
which does not only act as a transcript of DNA but also performs as molecular machines many tasks in cells. For this purpose it has to fold into a structure
DNA
Method of mobility used by microorganisms
(thrombospondin-related anonymous protein), a surface protein, as a common molecular basis that is both essential for infection and locomotion of the invasive
Gliding_motility
Chemical radical
have a small gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and thus can be described as having
Diradicaloid
Toehold mediated strand displacement (TMSD) is an enzyme-free molecular tool to exchange one strand of DNA or RNA (output) with another strand (input)
Toehold mediated strand displacement
Toehold_mediated_strand_displacement
Canadian biophysicist
including both natural materials such as collagen and artificial molecular machines. She is a professor and graduate chair in the Department of Physics
Nancy_Forde
Branch of physics
Stoddart. Feringa and his team developed multiple molecular machines such as the molecular car, molecular windmill and many more. In quantum computation
Condensed_matter_physics
2009 studio album by Derek Sherinian
Molecular Heinosity is the sixth studio album by keyboardist Derek Sherinian, released on March 24, 2009, through InsideOut Music. Derek Sherinian – keyboard
Molecular_Heinosity
Class of enzymes
1038/nrmicro1767. PMID 17938630. Boyer PD (1997). "The ATP synthase--a splendid molecular machine". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 66: 717–49. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem
Proton_ATPase
Motion system of a type of eukaryotic organism
together in arrays. Like the flagella, the cilia are powered by specialised molecular motors. An efficient forward stroke is made with a stiffened flagellum
Protist_locomotion
American biologist
; Thornton, J. W. (2012). "Evolution of increased complexity in a molecular machine". Nature. 481 (7381): 360–4. Bibcode:2012Natur.481..360F. doi:10.1038/nature10724
Joseph_Thornton_(biologist)
Large biological molecule that acts as a catalyst
nature. Biology portal Food portal Industrial enzymes List of enzymes Molecular machine BRENDA ExPASy IntEnz KEGG MetaCyc Stryer L, Berg JM, Tymoczko JL (2002)
Enzyme
Origin of three known varieties of flagella
(March 2021). "Adaptivity and dynamics in type III secretion systems". Molecular Microbiology. 115 (3): 395–411. doi:10.1111/mmi.14658. PMID 33251695.
Evolution_of_flagella
Prediction method in molecular modeling
In the field of molecular modeling, docking is a method which predicts the preferred orientation of one molecule to a second when a ligand and a target
Docking_(molecular)
Virus that infects bacteria
Black LW, Thomas JA (2012). "Condensed Genome Structure". Viral Molecular Machines. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 726. Springer
Bacteriophage
MOLECULAR MACHINE
MOLECULAR MACHINE
Girl/Female
Bengali, Indian
Machine
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Kent and Sussex)
English (chiefly Kent and Sussex) : occupational name for a designer or engineer, from a Middle English reduced form of Old French engineor ‘contriver’ (a derivative of engaigne ‘cunning’, ‘ingenuity’, ‘stratagem’, ‘device’). Engineers in the Middle Ages were primarily designers and builders of military machines, although in peacetime they might turn their hands to architecture and other more pacific functions.German : from the Latin personal name Januarius (see January 1). Jänner is a South German word for ‘January’, and so it is possible that this is one of the surnames acquired from words denoting months of the year, for example by converts who had been baptized in that month, people who were born or baptized in that month, or people whose taxes were due in January.
Surname or Lastname
Jewish (Ashkenazic)
Jewish (Ashkenazic) : occupational name for a cantor in a synagogue, from Yiddish zinger ‘singer’.English : variant of Sanger 2, in fact a Middle English recoinage from the verb sing(en) ‘to sing’.German : variant of Sänger (see Sanger 1) in the sense of ‘poet’.Isaac Merrit Singer, inventor of the eponymous sewing machine, was born in 1811 in Pittstown, NY, the son of German immigrant Adam Reisinger. He had five wives and fathered 24 children. Singer, who incorporated his company as the Singer Manufacturing Company in 1864, left a fortune worth $13 million to his various heirs.
Boy/Male
Finnish, Indian, Sanskrit
Molecule; Particle; Earth; Born of Dust
Surname or Lastname
English
English : in part probably a metonymic occupational name for a soldier in charge of a catapult- or bow-like machine used for throwing heavy missiles, Old French espringalle, Anglo-French springalde. However, Reaney and Wilson, believe the Middle English word springal(d) (which appears to have contributed to the surname), to have a different derivation, perhaps a nickname for a young man, a stripling, from spring (see Spring).
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : metonymic occupational name, from Middle English, Old French trone ‘weighing machine’.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and northern Irish
English, Scottish, and northern Irish : occupational name for a maker of machinery, mostly in wood, of any of a wide range of kinds, from Old English wyrhta, wryhta ‘craftsman’ (a derivative of wyrcan ‘to work or make’). The term is found in various combinations (for example, Cartwright and Wainwright), but when used in isolation it generally referred to a builder of windmills or watermills.Common New England Americanized form of French Le Droit, a nickname for an upright person, a man of probity, from Old French droit ‘right’, in which there has been confusion between the homophones right and wright.
Boy/Male
American, Australian
Weighing Machine
Girl/Female
African, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Kenyan, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Small; Atom; Black; Molecule; Seed
MOLECULAR MACHINE
MOLECULAR MACHINE
Girl/Female
Tamil
Blessing
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Pleasant; Sweet
Boy/Male
Tamil
Capable, Skilful
Female
English
English pet form of Latin Virginia, VIRGIE means "maiden, virgin."
Boy/Male
German English French
Swift.
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Granter of Issues; Goddess Durga
Girl/Female
Tamil
Arundhati | à®…à®°à¯à®‚ததீ
Wife of great sage vashishtha, One who is not restrained, Fidelity, A star (Celebrity Name: Shobhaa De)
Boy/Male
Indian
The first Lord, Lord Vishnu
Boy/Male
Hindu
A Jain saint, Lord Vishnu
Girl/Female
Tamil
Tanushri | தநà¯à®·à¯à®°à¯€
Beautiful
MOLECULAR MACHINE
MOLECULAR MACHINE
MOLECULAR MACHINE
MOLECULAR MACHINE
MOLECULAR MACHINE
a.
Of, pertaining to, or seated in, one eye; monocular.
n.
The smallest part of any substance which possesses the characteristic properties and qualities of that substance, and which can exist alone in a free state.
n.
One of the small particles or organic molecules of protoplasm.
n. pl.
Microscopic organic particles, molecular granules, powdered inorganic substances, etc., which in form, size, and grouping resemble bacteria.
n.
The state of consisting of molecules; the state or quality of being molecular.
n.
A group of atoms so united and combined by chemical affinity that they form a complete, integrated whole, being the smallest portion of any particular compound that can exist in a free state; as, a molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen. Cf. Atom.
adv.
With molecules; in the manner of molecules.
n.
An imbibing or reception by molecular or chemical action; as, the absorption of light, heat, electricity, etc.
a.
Monocular.
n.
A palmitate derived from three molecules of palmitic acid.
a.
Adapted to be used with only one eye at a time; as, a monocular microscope.
a.
Between molecules; situated, or acting, between the molecules of bodies.
a.
Having five atoms in the molecule.
a.
Having six atoms in the molecule.
a.
Pertaining to, connected with, produced by, or consisting of, molecules; as, molecular forces; molecular groups of atoms, etc.
a.
Having only one eye; with one eye only; as, monocular vision.
n.
One of the very small invisible particles of which all matter is supposed to consist.
n.
A minute particle; an atom; a molecule.
n.
The molecular attraction exerted between bodies in contact. See Cohesion.
n.
Butane, each molecule of which has four carbon atoms.