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Forward-most portion of the brainstem
The midbrain or mesencephalon is the uppermost portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. It consists of the cerebral
Midbrain
Posterior part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous
human brain, the brainstem is composed of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. The midbrain is continuous with the thalamus of the diencephalon
Brainstem
Pseudoscientific method claiming to improve memory and concentration
Midbrain activation is a pseudoscientific training method claiming to allow the development of blind vision and to improve memory and concentration. The
Midbrain_activation
also known as the midbrain−hindbrain boundary (MHB), is a secondary organizer region that develops at the junction of the midbrain and metencephalon (embryonic
Isthmic_organizer
Inability to move the eyes up and down
a constellation of neurological signs indicating injury to the dorsal midbrain. More specifically, compression of the vertical gaze center at the rostral
Parinaud's_syndrome
Part of the midbrain
The midbrain is anatomically delineated into the tectum (roof) and the tegmentum (floor). The midbrain tegmentum extends from the substantia nigra to the
Midbrain_tegmentum
Organ central to the nervous system
forebrain (prosencephalon, subdivided into telencephalon and diencephalon), midbrain (mesencephalon) and hindbrain (rhombencephalon, subdivided into metencephalon
Brain
Part of the brain stem
brainstem. The tegmentum is the ventral part of the midbrain and the tectum is the dorsal part of the midbrain. It is located between the ventricular system
Tegmentum
Spinal trigeminal nucleus
spans from the lower end of the medulla oblongata to the upper end of the midbrain. The neurons of the reticular formation make up a complex set of neural
Reticular_formation
Conduit for CSF to the brain
The cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of the midbrain, aqueduct of Sylvius, Sylvian aqueduct, mesencephalic duct) is a small, narrow tube connecting the third
Cerebral_aqueduct
Medical condition of the brain
the midbrain and pons on midsagittal MRI images.In healthy individuals, the midbrain and pons are proportionally sized, but in PSP-RS, the midbrain undergoes
Progressive supranuclear palsy
Progressive_supranuclear_palsy
Medical condition
paramedian midbrain syndrome, is a rare type of posterior circulation stroke of the brain, with a range of neurological symptoms affecting the midbrain, cerebellum
Benedikt_syndrome
Medical condition
also known as midbrain stroke syndrome or superior alternating hemiplegia, is a form of stroke that affects the medial portion of the midbrain. It involves
Weber's_syndrome
Stalks between cerebrum and brainstem
either side of the midbrain and are the frontmost part of the midbrain, and act as the connectors between the rest of the midbrain and the thalamic nuclei
Cerebral_peduncle
Moderate-size cluster of nuclei found in brain stem
formation Nucleus raphe pontis Nucleus centralis inferior Raphe nuclei of the midbrain reticular formation Nucleus centralis superior (median raphe nucleus) Nucleus
Raphe_nuclei
Part of the brainstem in humans and other bipeds
the brainstem that, in humans and other mammals, lies inferior to the midbrain, superior to the medulla oblongata, and anterior to the cerebellum. The
Pons
The midbrain reticular formation (MRF), also known as reticular formation of midbrain, mesencephalic reticular formation, tegmental reticular formation
Midbrain_reticular_formation
Medical condition
visual hallucinations that were suggestive of localized damage to the midbrain and pons. After other similar case studies were published, this syndrome
Peduncular_hallucinosis
Structure in the midbrain which mediates responses to ambient light
In neuroanatomy, the pretectal area, or pretectum, is a midbrain structure composed of seven nuclei and comprises part of the subcortical visual system
Pretectal_area
Group of neurons on the floor of the midbrain
is a group of neurons located close to the midline on the floor of the midbrain. The VTA is the origin of the dopaminergic cell bodies of the mesocorticolimbic
Ventral_tegmental_area
Division of the forebrain around the third ventricle
(embryonic prosencephalon). It is situated between the telencephalon and the midbrain (embryonic mesencephalon). The diencephalon has also been known as the
Diencephalon
Eyelid retraction, indicating a midbrain lesion
bilateral or unilateral eyelid retraction. It is an accepted medical sign of a midbrain lesion, first described in 1927 by J Collier. With the eyes in the primary
Collier's_sign
Periaqueductal gray Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus Midbrain reticular formation Dorsal raphe nucleus Red nucleus Ventral tegmental
List of regions in the human brain
List_of_regions_in_the_human_brain
Structure in the human brain
The red nucleus or nucleus ruber is a structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination. The red nucleus is pale pink, which is believed
Red_nucleus
Brain and spinal cord
tissue, lacking in functional neurons. The brain (cerebrum as well as midbrain and hindbrain) consists of a cortex, composed of neuron-bodies constituting
Central_nervous_system
Nerve tracts in the brainstem
ventral/anterior portion of periaqueductal gray of the mesencephalon (midbrain). It contains the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, responsible for oculomotor
Medial longitudinal fasciculus
Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus
Part of the embryonic neural tube
formed as primary brain vesicles. These vesicles form the future forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The three vesicles need to develop further into five brain
Flexure_(embryology)
Blood vessel
artery (PCA) to supply both sides of the thalamus and midbrain. The functions of the thalamus and midbrain include the regulation of consciousness, sleep and
Artery_of_Percheron
Nerve tract of the midbrain
dorsal longitudinal fasciculus (DLF) is a distinctive nerve tract in the midbrain. It extends from the hypothalamus rostrally to the spinal cord caudally
Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
Dorsal_longitudinal_fasciculus
Cranial nerve III, for eye movements
The oculomotor nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic midbrain. Cranial nerves IV and VI also participate in control of eye movement.
Oculomotor_nerve
Medical condition
Duret haemorrhages are small linear areas of bleeding in the midbrain and upper pons of the brainstem. They are caused by a traumatic downward displacement
Duret_haemorrhages
Structure in the basal ganglia of the brain
The substantia nigra (SN) is a basal ganglia structure located in the midbrain that plays an important role in reward and movement. Substantia nigra is
Substantia_nigra
Groups of neurons that synthesize dopamine
dopaminergic neurons form a semi-continuous population extending from the midbrain through the forebrain, with eleven named collections or clusters among
Dopaminergic_cell_groups
Condition of reduced emotional reactivity in an individual
The bilateral midbrain is also activated in individuals with schizophrenia diagnosed with blunted affect. Activation of the midbrain is thought to be
Reduced_affect_display
3 main pairs of arteries which supply blood to the cerebrum of the brain
posterior portion of the brain, including the occipital lobe, thalamus, and midbrain Both the ACA and MCA originate from the cerebral portion of the internal
Cerebral_arteries
Medical condition
pretectal nuclei in the midbrain. Studies have failed to demonstrate a focal localising lesion. Research has implicated the rostral midbrain in the vicinity of
Argyll_Robertson_pupil
Medical condition
The face of the giant panda sign, panda sign of the midbrain or double-panda sign is a characteristic "panda's face" appearance in magnetic resonance imaging
Face_of_the_giant_panda_sign
Nucleus surrounding the cerebral aqueduct
matter located around the cerebral aqueduct within the tegmentum of the midbrain. It projects to the nucleus raphe magnus, and also contains descending
Periaqueductal_gray
Eye reflex which alters the pupil's size in response to light intensity
consists of the retina, the optic nerve, and the pretectal nucleus in the midbrain, at level of superior colliculus. Ganglion cells of the retina project
Pupillary_light_reflex
Artery of the head
branch of the basilar artery. It supplies parts of the cerebellum, the midbrain, and other nearby structures. It is the cause of trigeminal neuralgia in
Superior_cerebellar_artery
Overview of and topical guide to the human nervous system
Epithalamus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Subthalamus, Pituitary gland, Pineal gland Midbrain Tectum, Cerebral peduncle, Pretectum, Mesencephalic duct Hindbrain Metencephalon
Outline of the human nervous system
Outline_of_the_human_nervous_system
Brain precursor structures
primary brain vesicles: prosencephalon (i.e. forebrain), mesencephalon (i.e. midbrain) and rhombencephalon (i.e. hindbrain). These develop into five secondary
Brain_vesicle
Forward-most portion of the brain
the display of emotions. Vesicles of the forebrain (prosencephalon), the midbrain (mesencephalon), and hindbrain (rhombencephalon) are the three primary
Forebrain
Topics referred to by the same term
principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway Superior colliculus, a paired structure that forms a major component of the vertebrate midbrain Collicular
Colliculus
Group of subcortical nuclei involved in the motor and reward systems
vertebrates. Positioned at the base of the forebrain and the top of the midbrain, they have strong connections with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, brainstem
Basal_ganglia
Structure within the brain
within the vertebrate brain, situated between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain. It forms during embryonic development as the main product of the diencephalon
Thalamus
Structure in the midbrain
Latin 'upper hill') is a structure lying on the roof of the mammalian midbrain. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the homologous structure is known as the
Superior_colliculus
Reflexive movement of eyes in the direction of motion to reduce motion blur
are likely the only retinal ganglion cell type to innervate the three midbrain nuclei of the AOS: the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT), the lateral terminal
Optokinetic_response
Vertebrate brain structure separating the cerebellum from the occipital lobes
infratentorial. The free border of the tentorium gives passage to the midbrain (the upper-most part of the brainstem). The free border of the tentorium
Cerebellar_tentorium
Medical condition
red nucleus and brachium conjunctivum. Claude's syndrome is caused by midbrain infarction as a result of occlusion of a branch of the posterior cerebral
Claude's_syndrome
Nerves that emerge directly from the brain
and optic nerve (II), all the nuclei are present in the brainstem. The midbrain has the nuclei of the oculomotor nerve (III) and trochlear nerve (IV);
Cranial_nerves
Brain structure in humans and some mammals
cerebellar tentorium and the clivus for the passage of the brainstem. The midbrain continues with the thalamus of the diencephalon through the tentorial notch
Tentorial_notch
Central nervous system stimulant
other substituted amphetamines, methamphetamine is neurotoxic to human midbrain dopaminergic neurons and, to a lesser extent, serotonergic neurons. Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine
Medical condition
palsies originate from a lesion somewhere in the brain stem, usually the midbrain, or pons. These lesions can be caused by stroke, or conditions such as
Conjugate_gaze_palsy
Part of the embryonic brain
a hindbrain malformation associated with incomplete separation of midbrain and forebrain, hydrocephalus and a broad spectrum of severity". Brain.
Hindbrain
Part of the embryonic brain
signal. Its main function is to set up and maintain the barrier between the midbrain and hindbrain, specifically between the mesencephalon and metencephalon
Metencephalon
Genetic brain disorder
Moreover, a neurochemical analysis of dopaminergic contents in microdissected midbrain and striatal areas revealed a reduction of dopamine at five and nine weeks
Rett_syndrome
Set of brain structures involved in emotion and motivation
accumbens (limbic striatum), anterior hypothalamus, ventral tegmental area, midbrain raphe nuclei, habenular commissure, entorhinal cortex, and olfactory bulbs
Limbic_system
Interference pattern between signals of similar frequency
Binaural-beat perception originates in the inferior colliculus of the midbrain and the superior olivary complex of the brainstem, where auditory signals
Beat_(acoustics)
Psychoactive drug, often called ecstasy
dependence of MDMA-stimulated release of endogenous 5-HT from superfused midbrain synaptosomes suggests that 5-HT2B receptors act, unlike any other 5-HT
MDMA
American professor of neurobiology
and Konishi presented the discovery of an auditory map of space in the midbrain of the barn owl. This discovery was groundbreaking because it unearthed
Eric_Knudsen
ventrolateral portion of the periaqueductal gray of the mesencephalon (midbrain) near its junction with the diencephalon. It is involved in mediating vertical
Nucleus_of_Darkschewitsch
Cranial nerve IV, for eye movements
the medial midbrain. From their respective nuclei, the two trochlear nerves then travel dorsal-ward through the substance of the midbrain surrounded by
Trochlear_nerve
Bilateral pathway in the brain
the brain that connects the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in the midbrain with the dorsal striatum (i.e., the caudate nucleus and putamen) in the
Nigrostriatal_pathway
Connection between brain and spinal cord
proprioceptors cause the cerebellum to stimulate the red nucleus of the midbrain. The red nucleus then sends corrective commands to the spinal cord along
Extrapyramidal_system
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
granule cell pontine nuclei inferior colliculi central gray substance of midbrain medial dorsal nucleus subiculum More reference expression data BioGPS More
APBA1
Projection neurons in the brain that synthesize and release dopamine
originate at the ventral tegmental area (VTA) which is located in the midbrain. Through separate connections to the prefrontal cortex (mesocortical) and
Dopaminergic_pathways
One of two nuclei of the oculomotor nerve
one of the two nuclei of the oculomotor nerve (CN III) located in the midbrain. It receives afferents from both pretectal nuclei (which have in turn received
Edinger–Westphal_nucleus
anterolateral system of the spinal cord that projects to various parts of the midbrain. It is involved in the processing of pain and visceral sensations. The
Spinomesencephalic_pathway
Form of psychotherapy
support this hypothesis, though Grand and his colleague believe that the midbrain is involved. Other researchers argue that such conceptualizations do not
Brainspotting
Spaces around the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid
situated dorsal to the midbrain. Thin, sheet-like extensions of the superior cistern that extend laterally about the midbrain, connecting it to the interpeduncular
Subarachnoid_cisterns
Dopamine-releasing portion of the substantia nigra
(SNpc, SNc) is one of two subdivisions of the substantia nigra of the midbrain (the other being the pars reticulata); it is situated medial to the pars
Pars_compacta
one of the accessory oculomotor nuclei situated in the mesencephalon (midbrain) at its junction with the diencephalon. It is involved in coordinating
Nucleus of the posterior commissure
Nucleus_of_the_posterior_commissure
enter the spinal column. There, it terminates in the tegmentum of the midbrain at the dorsal and ventral tegmental nuclei and the tegmental pontine reticular
Mammillotegmental_fasciculus
Clinical test of pupil dilation in both eyes
the optic nerve is damaged, the sensory (afferent) stimulus sent to the midbrain is reduced. The pupil, responding less vigorously, dilates from its prior
Swinging_light_test
Structure connecting the cerebellum to the brainstem
peduncles are bundles of white matter that connect the cerebellum to the midbrain. The middle cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to the pons and
Cerebellar_peduncles
Sensory perception of sound by living organisms
From there, the signals are projected to the inferior colliculus in the midbrain tectum. The inferior colliculus integrates auditory input with limited
Hearing
Set of physiological feedback interactions
common mechanism for interactions among glands, hormones, and parts of the midbrain that mediate the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). While steroid hormones
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal_axis
Posterior region of the embryonic hindbrain
other primary vesicles (forebrain and midbrain) occur 28 days after conception. With the exception of the midbrain, these primary vesicles undergo further
Myelencephalon
Structure of the brain stem
nervous system Meninges Spinal cord Brain Hindbrain Medulla Pons Cerebellum Midbrain Forebrain Diencephalon Retina Optic nerve Cerebrum Limbic system Peripheral
Medulla_oblongata
(2010). Regulation of firing frequency in a computational model of a midbrain dopaminergic neuron. Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 28(3), 389–403
Compartmental_neuron_models
Excessive constriction of the pupil
the resizing of the pupil connect to the pretectal nucleus of the high midbrain, bypassing the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex
Miosis
Terminology used to describe the central and peripheral nervous systems
junction of the midbrain and diencephalon (the midbrain-diencephalic junction). Thus, the terminology changes at either side of the midbrain-diencephalic
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
Anatomical_terms_of_neuroanatomy
a tract that carries ascending and descending fibers, situated in the midbrain tegmentum, and the pontine tegmentum. The tract is situated in the central
Central_tegmental_tract
Midbrain structure involved in the auditory pathway
The inferior colliculus (IC) (Latin for lower hill) is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several peripheral
Inferior_colliculus
Class of animals with milk-producing glands
Electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal gray (PEG) region of the mammalian midbrain elicit vocalizations. The ability to learn new vocalizations is only exemplified
Mammal
Central organ of the human nervous system
attaches to and leaves the cerebrum at the start of the midbrain area. The brainstem includes the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. Behind the brainstem
Human_brain
Anatomical structure in arthropods
(olfactory center). Together with the antennal lobe, it makes up the arthropod "midbrain" or deutocerebrum. Mizunami, Makoto; Yokohari, Fumio; Takahata, Masakazu
Dorsal_lobe
Surgical elimination of cerebral brain function
spinal cord and medulla oblongata are functional, reflexes integrated in midbrain and cortex are absent. With difference to decortication there is pontine
Decerebration
Brain structure
brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. Three distinct, primarily inhibitory, cellular groups are located interspersed
Lateral_lemniscus
Neurodevelopmental disorder
circuits: evidence for independent modulation of prefrontal functions by midbrain dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons". Frontiers in Neural Circuits.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder
Medical condition
not be confused with the neurological syndrome caused by a lesion in the midbrain which is also known as Parinaud's syndrome. Both were named after the same
Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome
Parinaud's_oculoglandular_syndrome
originates in the frontal eye field (Brodmann area 8) and terminates in the midbrain. Its fibers mediate conjugate eye movement. The corticomesencephalic tract
Corticomesencephalic_tract
mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) is a functionally defined area of the midbrain that is associated with the initiation and control of locomotor movements
Mesencephalic locomotor region
Mesencephalic_locomotor_region
Gill-bearing non-tetrapod aquatic vertebrates
Together these structures form the forebrain. Connecting the forebrain to the midbrain is the diencephalon; it works with hormones and homeostasis. The pineal
Fish
Lack of physical touch in a person's life
Kay M.; Saxe, Rebecca (December 2020). "Acute social isolation evokes midbrain craving responses similar to hunger". Nature Neuroscience. 23 (12): 1597–1605
Touch_starvation
Neuroscience Professor
learning information about the future. “This result supports the notion that midbrain dopamine neurons are coding for both primitive and cognitive rewards. So
Okihide_Hikosaka
Protein found in humans
cortex ventral tegmental area lobe of cerebellum central gray substance of midbrain ventromedial nucleus More reference expression data BioGPS n/a Gene ontology
Calretinin
Representation of auditory sensation and perception in the nervous system
The neural encoding of sound is the representation of auditory sensation and perception in the nervous system. The complexities of contemporary neuroscience
Neural_encoding_of_sound
Cavities within the human brain
neural canal that does not expand and remains the same at the level of the midbrain superior to the fourth ventricle forms the cerebral aqueduct. The fourth
Ventricular_system
MIDBRAIN
MIDBRAIN
MIDBRAIN
MIDBRAIN
Boy/Male
Biblical
My bread, my war.
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Leafy
Girl/Female
Tamil
Fresh butter, Gentle, Soft, Always new
Boy/Male
Muslim
Unique person of the age
Biblical
God is my strength; my rock; rock of God
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Marathi
Person Doing Good; Well Wisher; Well to do
Boy/Male
Muslim
To be magnified greatly
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Full of Modesty
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Easy to Get
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Pearls
MIDBRAIN
MIDBRAIN
MIDBRAIN
MIDBRAIN
MIDBRAIN
a.
Of or pertaining to the mesencephalon or midbrain.
n.
The middle segment of the brain; the mesencephalon. See Brain.
n.
The segment of the brain next behind the midbrain, including the cerebellum and pons; the hindbrain. Sometimes abbreviated to epen.
n. pl.
The two anterior of the four lobes on the dorsal side of the midbrain of most mammals; the anterior optic lobes.
n.
The segment of the brain next in front of the midbrain, including the thalami, pineal gland, and pituitary body; the diencephalon; the interbrain.
n.
The middle segment of the brain; the midbrain. Sometimes abbreviated to mesen. See Brain.