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Study with repeated observations over time
A longitudinal study (or longitudinal survey, or panel study) is a research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people)
Longitudinal_study
Longitudinal study in the field of psychology
Genetic Studies of Genius, later known as the Terman Study of the Gifted, is currently[update] the oldest and longest-running longitudinal study in the
Genetic_Studies_of_Genius
Cardiovascular cohort study
exercise, and common medications such as aspirin, is based on this longitudinal study. It is a project of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Framingham_Heart_Study
U.S. Department of Education agency
NCES oversees national and international assessments, conducts longitudinal studies, and develops standardized data systems to support policymakers,
National Center for Education Statistics
National_Center_for_Education_Statistics
Longitudinal cohort study
A prospective cohort study is a longitudinal cohort study that follows over time a group of similar individuals (cohorts) who differ with respect to certain
Prospective_cohort_study
Longitudinal statistical study
series, cross-sectional, or panel data. A study that uses panel data is called a longitudinal study or panel study. In the multiple response permutation procedure
Panel_data
Study on aging of human
The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) is a longitudinal study that collects multidisciplinary data from a representative sample of the English
English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
English_Longitudinal_Study_of_Ageing
Continuing longitudinal study
The Grant Study is an 87-year continuing longitudinal study from the Study of Adult Development at Harvard Medical School, started in 1938. It has followed
Grant_Study
Topics referred to by the same term
independently to each of a parallel group of bit streams. Longitudinal study, a research study that involves repeated observations of the same items over
Longitudinal
Set of surveys by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor
The National Longitudinal Surveys (NLS) are a set of surveys sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) of the U.S. Department of Labor. These surveys
National_Longitudinal_Surveys
The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) is a nationally representative longitudinal study of the population of Ireland aged 50 and above. TILDA
The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
The_Irish_Longitudinal_Study_on_Ageing
American sociologist and demographer
Science/Sociology and the administrative director of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) of the Department of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison
Taissa_S._Hauser
Study started in 1991 in Bristol, England
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), also known as Children of the 90s and formerly the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy
Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Avon_Longitudinal_Study_of_Parents_and_Children
Psychological ethological theory
from longitudinal studies, such as the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and the Minnesota Study of Risk
Attachment_theory
Score from a test designed to assess intelligence
nationally representative longitudinal study has shown that this relationship is entirely mediated by school performance. Multiple studies conducted in Scotland
Intelligence_quotient
Peak body representing universities in New Zealand
and 2021. The Graduate Longitudinal Study New Zealand will be the most comprehensive study of a country's graduates. The study aims to understand the
Universities_New_Zealand
Type of research design
collected in a longitudinal study in which change over time is assessed. A popular repeated-measures design is the crossover study. A crossover study is a longitudinal
Repeated_measures_design
Long-running study of 1037 people born over the course of a year in Dunedin, New Zealand
study members. At the most recent (age 45) completed assessment, 94% of all living eligible study members, or 938 people, participated. Longitudinal studies
Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study
Dunedin_Multidisciplinary_Health_and_Development_Study
Point where a person ceases employment permanently
psychosocial, time use). 2002 and 2004 saw the introductions of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in
Retirement
Categorisation of people's intelligence based on IQ
points when re-tested. For example, many children in the famous longitudinal Genetic Studies of Genius begun in 1921 by Lewis Terman showed declines in IQ
IQ_classification
Aging Study (CRELES) Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) The Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR) The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Health_and_Retirement_Study
American competition reality TV series
TV: The Reality of The Biggest Loser. In 2016, the results of a long-term study by the US National Institute of Health (NIH) were released that documented
The Biggest Loser (American TV series)
The_Biggest_Loser_(American_TV_series)
Population-based health survey in Australia
The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH), also known as Women's Health Australia, is an ongoing population-based survey examining the
Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health
Australian_Longitudinal_Study_on_Women's_Health
Type of study based on universal sampling
population. Cross-sectional studies are descriptive studies (neither longitudinal nor experimental). Unlike case-control studies, they can be used to describe
Cross-sectional_study
Psychological concept
extent of adaptation they exhibit to change in circumstance. In a longitudinal study conducted by Mancini, Bonnano, and Clark, people showed individual
Hedonic_treadmill
The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) is a longitudinal survey being conducted by the China Center for Economic Research at Peking
China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
China_Health_and_Retirement_Longitudinal_Study
Longitudinal survey study of persons with stellar SAT scores
The Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth (SMPY) is a prospective longitudinal survey study of persons (mostly in the United States) identified by scores
Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth
Study_of_Mathematically_Precocious_Youth
Study (BCS70) British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) Families and Children Study (FACS) Longitudinal Study
ESDS_Longitudinal
Cohort born from 1965 to 1980
The Longitudinal Study of Youth is an NIH-NIA funded study by the University of Michigan which has been studying Generation X since 1987. The study asked
Generation_X
American sociologist
designed the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), currently the only nationally representative study of adolescent sexuality
Peter_Bearman
Form of longitudinal study
A cohort study is a particular form of longitudinal study that samples a cohort (a group of people who share a defining characteristic, typically those
Cohort_study
Understanding Society, the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), is one of the largest panel surveys in the world, supporting social and economic research
Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study
Understanding_Society:_the_UK_Household_Longitudinal_Study
Portrayal of sexual subject matter
it is benign. A longitudinal study ascertained pornography use is not a predictive factor in intimate partner violence. Porn Studies, started in 2014
Pornography
Research study in medicine
study or crossover trial is a longitudinal study in which subjects receive a sequence of different treatments (or exposures). While crossover studies
Crossover_study
Intellectual ability significantly higher than average
as a trait into adult life, with various consequences studied in longitudinal studies of giftedness over the last century. These consequences sometimes
Intellectual_giftedness
The Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) is a longitudinal survey conducted by the Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS) at the University of London, following
Millennium Cohort Study (United Kingdom)
Millennium_Cohort_Study_(United_Kingdom)
Creativity test
representing "creative tendencies" that are similar in nature. Several longitudinal studies have been conducted to follow up on the elementary school-aged students
Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking
Torrance_Tests_of_Creative_Thinking
Changes in sexuality or sexual identity
(1 kinsey scale point, on average). The results of a large-scale, longitudinal study by Savin-Williams, Joyner, and Rieger (2012) indicated that stability
Sexual_fluidity
Psychiatry professor
; El-Abboud, Celine; Gruber, Staci A. (2021). "An observational, longitudinal study of cognition in medical cannabis patients over the course of 12 months
Staci_Gruber
Relationship between violence and video games
2011, in a longitudinal study of youth in Germany, von Salisch found that aggressive children tend to select more violent video games. This study found no
Violence_and_video_games
State that occurs in bipolar disorder
different patients and explore the phenomenon of unipolar mania further. Longitudinal studies have been used to assess the validity of unipolar mania as a separate
Unipolar_mania
Personality trait of highly sensitive persons
genes, and the ADRA2b norepinephrine-related gene variant. A 2015 longitudinal study based on army medical records of Swedish men showed a correlation
Sensory processing sensitivity
Sensory_processing_sensitivity
Personality model consisting of five broad dimensions
Remote Work on Personality Trait–Performance Linkages: A Two-Wave Longitudinal Study". Administrative Sciences. 14 (7): 144. doi:10.3390/admsci14070144
Big_Five_personality_traits
The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, also known as Add Health, is a multiwave longitudinal study of adolescents in the United
National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health
National_Longitudinal_Study_of_Adolescent_to_Adult_Health
Inability to feel pleasure
SA (August 2001). "Diagnostic differences in social anhedonia: a longitudinal study of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder". Journal of Abnormal
Anhedonia
Book by George Eman Vaillant
alcoholism. A longitudinal study is one that follows test subjects over a long period of time — as opposed to a cross-sectional study, which gives a
The Natural History of Alcoholism Revisited
The_Natural_History_of_Alcoholism_Revisited
Type of wave
Longitudinal waves are waves which oscillate in the direction which is parallel to the direction in which the wave travels and displacement of the medium
Longitudinal_wave
Evaluation by peers with similar expertise
Development Thing: A Longitudinal Analysis of Peer Review and Authority in Undergraduate Writing," conducted a longitudinal study comparing two groups
Peer_review
British psychologist and researcher
coronavirus disease on mental health. The network collated longitudinal international mental health studies during the pandemic, offering opportunities for researchers
Daisy_Fancourt
Minnesota research project
The Minnesota Transracial Adoption Study examined the IQ test scores of 130 black or interracial children adopted by advantaged white families. It has
Minnesota Transracial Adoption Study
Minnesota_Transracial_Adoption_Study
Study with uncontrolled variable of interest
Cross-sectional study: involves data collection from a population, or a representative subset, data collected at a single point in time. Longitudinal study: correlational
Observational_study
Application of the theory of attachment to adults
"Attachment security in infancy and early adulthood: a twenty-year longitudinal study". Child Development. 71 (3): 684–689. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.541.384. doi:10
Attachment_in_adults
Sexual and gender minorities
because the source of minority stress is itself collective in nature. A longitudinal study of 3,627 LGBTQ+ adults sampled across five waves between 2017 and
LGBTQ_people
Information systems user theory
theory). Subsequent validation by Venkatesh et al. (2003) of UTAUT in a longitudinal study found it to account for 70% of the variance in Behavioural Intention
Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology
Unified_theory_of_acceptance_and_use_of_technology
Theories on the development of personality
that can be influenced by the environment at any age. Large-scale longitudinal studies have demonstrated that the most active period of personality development
Personality_development
Longitudinal study in Great Britain
The Families and Children Study (FACS) is a longitudinal study collecting information about families with dependent children in Great Britain, managed
Families_and_Children_Study
Corporal punishment of striking the buttocks
meta-analysis of longitudinal studies suggested that spanking accounted for less than 1% of variance in outcomes, though two longitudinal studies published in
Spanking
Increase in the probability of a person dying after their spouse has died
over the course of their longitudinal study. Half of the participants were widowed, and the other half were non-widowed. The study found that the widowed
Widowhood_effect
The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS) program provides data about the development of children in the United States. It is carried out by the Institute
Early Childhood Longitudinal Study
Early_Childhood_Longitudinal_Study
Canadian psychologist (1926–2023)
Scientist Award. In 1972, Hetherington and colleagues started the 20-year Longitudinal Study of Divorce and Remarriage. Hetherington followed 450 families who
E._Mavis_Hetherington
Overall strategy utilized to carry out research
experimental, review, meta-analytic) and sub-type (e.g., descriptive-longitudinal case study), research problem, hypotheses, independent and dependent variables
Research_design
Lack of contact between an individual and society
symptoms: prospective findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study". Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 95 104390. doi:10.1016/j
Social_isolation
Unusually large clitoris
1986). "Physical and hormonal evaluation of transsexual patients: a longitudinal study". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 15 (2): 121–38. doi:10.1007/BF01542220
Clitoromegaly
Education school of University College London, England
Longitudinal Studies (CLS) is an ESRC Resource Centre based at the IOE. CLS houses three of Britain's internationally renowned birth cohort studies:
UCL_Institute_of_Education
American epidemiological longitudinal study
The Seven Countries Study is an epidemiological longitudinal study directed by Ancel Keys at what is today the University of Minnesota Laboratory of Physiological
Seven_Countries_Study
help of the English and Romanian Adoptees (ERA) Study Team. This longitudinal study, also referred to as a "natural experiment", was conducted in the
English and Romanian Adoptees study
English_and_Romanian_Adoptees_study
The Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE), also known as "Next Steps", is a large-scale panel study collecting information about the young
Longitudinal Study of Young People in England
Longitudinal_Study_of_Young_People_in_England
Standardized measurement of academic performance
on categories like ethnicity or gender. According to the Education Longitudinal Study, "teacher expectations [are] more predictive of college success than
Grading_in_education
Overview of international circumcision rates
80%, but steadily fell to an estimated 15% in 2012. The Australian Longitudinal Study of Health and Relationships is a computer assisted telephone interview
Prevalence_of_circumcision
American psychiatrist
is inherently a time of storm and stress. His Offer Longitudinal Study was one of the first studies of typical youth over time and demonstrated that most
Daniel_Offer
Forms of body modification
1986). "Physical and hormonal evaluation of transsexual patients: A longitudinal study". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 15 (2): 121–138. doi:10.1007/BF01542220
Clitoral_enlargement_methods
Unpleasant emotional response to social or physical isolation
change to the progression of AIDS. Based on the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), a study found that loneliness increased the risk of dementia
Loneliness
Australian politician
Karolinska Institute, with her doctoral thesis titled "‘No worries’: A longitudinal study of fear, attitudes and beliefs about childbirth from a cohort of Australian
Helen_Haines
Russian-British game developer (born 1985)
University School of Medicine, and over $6 million to UNICEF for a longitudinal study on childhood in the digital age. Bukhman is married and has four children
Dmitry_Bukhman
American demographer (1938–2024)
In 1998, Watkins began research on The Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health. The study's goal was to investigate the multiple influences
Susan_Cotts_Watkins
founding the Seattle Longitudinal Study in 1956. The Seattle Longitudinal Study took a 'life span' approach to aging and cognition, studying subjects from birth
K._Warner_Schaie
Scientific study of psychological changes in humans over the course of their lives
within research studies, such as: cross-sectional design longitudinal design sequential design microgenetic design In a longitudinal study a researcher observes
Developmental_psychology
Alzheimer's article on nuns
The Nun Study of Aging and Alzheimer's Disease is a continuing longitudinal study, begun in 1986, to examine the onset of Alzheimer's disease. David Snowdon
Nun_Study
German panel study with 3 generations since 1979
The LifE study is a continuing longitudinal study in the field of educational sociology, initiated in Germany and ongoing since 1979. The study examines
LifE_Study
Active longitudinal study in Great Britain
The National Child Development Study (NCDS) is a continuing, multi-disciplinary longitudinal study which follows the lives of 17,415 people born in England
National Child Development Study
National_Child_Development_Study
Study of the relationship of intelligence and education
year of education". Longitudinal studies have shown a predictive interaction of intelligence on educational attainment. In one study[better source needed]
Intelligence_and_education
Statistical model containing both fixed effects and random effects
repeated measurements are made on the same statistical units (see also longitudinal study), or where measurements are made on clusters of related statistical
Mixed_model
American educational psychologist, academic, and eugenicist (1877–1956)
Intelligence Scales and for initiating the longitudinal study of children with high IQs called the Genetic Studies of Genius. As a prominent eugenicist, he
Lewis_Terman
Sexual attraction to more than one gender
Bisexuality as a transitional identity has also been examined. In a longitudinal study about sexual identity development among lesbian, gay, and bisexual
Bisexuality
American psychologist (1943–2023)
behaviors. She also helped Karin and Klaus Grossman with their Bielefeld longitudinal study, including encouraging them to analyse the role of fathers in infants'
Mary_Main
Girl who behaves boyishly
S.; Rust, J.; Johnston, K. J.; Golding, J.; Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Study Team (2002). "Testosterone during pregnancy and gender
Tomboy
Differences in patterns over time
changes in personality that can persist for more than a decade. A longitudinal study followed women over 30 years and found that they showed increases
Personality_change
Medical condition
David M.; Wilson, Robert; Loebinger, Michael R. (2016-06-10). "A longitudinal study characterising a large adult primary ciliary dyskinesia population"
Primary_ciliary_dyskinesia
Plan for research in clinical medicine
treatment; in a "crossover study", each patient receives several treatments but in different order. A longitudinal study assesses research subjects over
Clinical_study_design
Ongoing longitudinal study of aging in nuns and monks
The Religious Orders Study is an ongoing longitudinal research project at the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center to explore the effects of aging on the brain
Religious_Orders_Study
Condition involving excessive deposition of fat in the legs
Ghods, Mojtaba (2017). "Liposuction in the Treatment of Lipedema: A Longitudinal Study". Archives of Plastic Surgery. 44 (4): 324–331. doi:10.5999/aps.2017
Lipedema
Health study of British civil servants
these studies, was to understand the causes of this social distribution of so many disorders.[citation needed] Whitehall II is a longitudinal, prospective
Whitehall_Study
Long-term American study
The National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 (NLS-72) was a comprehensive study conducted to track the educational, vocational, and
National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972
National_Longitudinal_Study_of_the_High_School_Class_of_1972
Teaching method encouraging autodidacticism
achievement compared to other comprehensive school reform programs. A 2017 longitudinal study found that students randomly assigned to Montessori schools scored
Montessori_education
Type of neurobiological research
medical decisions in the future. Postmortem researchers conduct a longitudinal study of the brain of an individual, who has some sort of phenomenological
Postmortem_studies
Family lifestyle
van Gils/Gerbert Kraaykamp, The Emergence of Dual-Earner Couples. A Longitudinal Study of the Netherlands, International Sociology, Jg. 23, 2008, p. 345–366
DINK
Topics referred to by the same term
sample survey Panel study or longitudinal study, a research design involving repeated observations over time Panel data or longitudinal data, measured over
Panel
Injuries of the muscular or skeletal systems
Daily Living in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA)". Geriatrics. 9 (3): 65. doi:10.3390/geriatrics9030065
Musculoskeletal_disorder
Chronic multi-symptomatic pain disorder
highly prevalent (76%) and stubbornly persistent, as evidenced by longitudinal studies over 5 years. Fatigue does not improve with sleep or rest. Medication
Fibromyalgia
Secular organization for recovery from addiction
achieve independence from addictive and problematic behaviors. A 2018 longitudinal study compared the self-reported success of SMART Recovery, LifeRing Secular
SMART_Recovery
LONGITUDINAL STUDY
LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant spelling of Studdy, a habitational name from Studdah in Yorkshire, Stodday in Lancashire (both named with Old English stÅd ‘stud’ + haga ‘hedged enclosure’), or Stody in Norfolk (from the same first element + (ge)hæg ‘enclosure’), or a topographic name from Middle English stode ‘stud’ + hey ‘enclosure’.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Reflection through study
Girl/Female
Muslim
Study, Read (Celebrity Name: Sanjay Dutt)
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Observance; Evidence; Study
Girl/Female
Hindu
Long practice, Study, Fulfilment
Surname or Lastname
German
German : status name from Middle Low German schÅler ‘scholar’, ‘pupil’ (especially one studying to be a clergyman).German : nickname for someone with money, Middle High German scholære.English : variant spelling of Scholar.
Girl/Female
Indian
Goddess; Study
Girl/Female
Hindu
Long practice, Study, Fulfilment
Boy/Male
Tamil
Reflection through study
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
King of Study
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Mellis 1.German : variant of Melius.Dutch ((van) Melis) : variant of Millis 2.Czech and Slovak (Meliš), and Hungarian : from a short form of the Biblical personal name Melichar (see Melchior).Greek : from the personal name Melis, a pet form of Meletios or Meliton (names of various early saints and martyrs). The personal names are derived from either meli ‘honey’ or meletan ‘care for’, ‘study’.Italian (Sardinia and southern Italy) : habitational name from a place so named in Sardinia.Lithuanian : nickname from melis ‘blue’.Latvian : unflattering nickname from melis ‘liar’.Latvian : variant of Mellis.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Study; Beautiful Woman
Girl/Female
Tamil
Long practice, Study, Fulfilment
Girl/Female
Indian
Deep Contemplation; Reflection through Study
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Goddess Saraswati; God of Study
Girl/Female
Tamil
Long practice, Study, Fulfilment
Girl/Female
Indian
Study, Read (Celebrity Name: Sanjay Dutt)
Girl/Female
Assamese, Celebrity, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Long Practice; Study; Fulfilment; Achievement; Goddess Durga
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Worship; Long Practice; Study; Fulfilment; Achievement; Goddess Durga
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Study Godess
LONGITUDINAL STUDY
LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Christian, Danish, English, French, German, Indian, Teutonic
Bold; Very Bold; Noteworthy and Valorous; Bold Prince
Boy/Male
Arabic
One who Praises Allah (Dikr)
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Marathi
One who is Truthful
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Ploughman
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Sweet
Female
Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Latin Cæcilia, SÃLE means "blind."Â
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, German, Indian, Latin, Spanish, Swedish
Hairy; Long Haired; Variant of Caesar; Hirsute; With Abundant Hai
Girl/Female
Greek
Supreme gift.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Introduction
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Support of Naam
LONGITUDINAL STUDY
LONGITUDINAL STUDY
LONGITUDINAL STUDY
LONGITUDINAL STUDY
LONGITUDINAL STUDY
v. t.
To cut or form into small longitudinal hollows; to channel.
a.
Having three prominent longitudinal angles; as, a three-cornered stem.
a.
Striped longitudinally.
a.
Two-nerved; -- applied to leaves which have two longitudinal ribs or nerves.
n.
A longitudinal rank, or row, of leaves along a stem.
a.
Of or pertaining to longitude or length; as, longitudinal distance.
n.
A longitudinal sleeper.
n.
A crack, or longitudinal fissure.
a.
Having four prominent longitudinal angles.
n.
A longitudinal ridge or projection like the keel of a boat.
n.
A longitudinal opening in a body, made by cutting; a cleft; a fissure.
adv.
In the direction of the length; in a longitudinal direction.
a.
Extending in length; in the direction of the length; running lengthwise, as distinguished from transverse; as, the longitudinal diameter of a body.
adv.
In the direction of length.
n.
Any longitudinal ridge in a plant.
a.
Marked longitudinally with fine lines.
n.
A genus of Foraminifera, having a porcelanous shell with several longitudinal chambers.
n.
A railway sleeper lying parallel with the rail.
a.
Keel-shaped; having a longitudinal prominence on the back; as, a keeled leaf.
n.
One of the riblike longitudinal ridges on the exterior of many corals.