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Argument in economics
In economics, the local knowledge problem is the argument that the information required for rational economic planning is distributed among individual
Local_knowledge_problem
Critique of planned economies
could not coordinate their plans without a price system due to the local knowledge problem. Opponents argued that in principle an economy can be seen as a
Economic_calculation_problem
Awareness of facts
Declarative knowledge, also known as theoretical knowledge, descriptive knowledge, propositional knowledge, and knowledge-that, is an awareness of facts
Declarative_knowledge
Knowledge: what is known, understood, proven; information and products of learning
Knowledge assessment methodology Knowledge society Local knowledge problem Open access Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities
Outline_of_knowledge
Computer program that uses a knowledge base and reasoning to solve problems
A knowledge-based system (KBS) is a computer program that reasons and uses a knowledge base to solve complex problems. Knowledge-based systems were the
Knowledge-based_systems
Computer system emulating human expert
expert. Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if–then rules rather than through
Expert_system
Type of economic system
referred to subtly distinct aspects of the problem as the economic calculation problem and local knowledge problem, respectively. These distinct aspects were
Planned_economy
Philosophical problem articulated by David Hume
the idea that all items of knowledge are based either on logic and definitions, or else on observation. If the is–ought problem holds, then "ought" statements
Is–ought_problem
Knowledge systems in the cultural traditions of communities
Traditional knowledge (TK), indigenous knowledge (IK), folk knowledge, and local knowledge generally refers to knowledge systems embedded in the cultural
Traditional_knowledge
Facts assumed to be known to all humans
is currently an unsolved problem in artificial general intelligence. The first AI program to address common sense knowledge was Advice Taker in 1959 by
Commonsense knowledge (artificial intelligence)
Commonsense_knowledge_(artificial_intelligence)
Field of artificial intelligence
incorporates findings from psychology about how humans solve problems and represent knowledge, in order to design formalisms that make complex systems easier
Knowledge representation and reasoning
Knowledge_representation_and_reasoning
Issue in artificial intelligence and categorical algebra
after, the formal mathematical problem was a starting point for more general discussions of the difficulty of knowledge representation for artificial intelligence
Frame_problem
Information repository with multiple applications
In computer science, a knowledge base (KB) is a set of sentences, each sentence given in a knowledge representation language, with interfaces to tell
Knowledge_base
1971 film by Mike Nichols
for every moviegoer who walks out of Carnal Knowledge feeling cheated and despondent. The basic problem with the film is that it's the artistic equivalent
Carnal_Knowledge_(film)
materialist solution to the Gettier problem, emphasizing the social nature of knowledge over individual belief states. The problem of the criterion challenges
List of philosophical problems
List_of_philosophical_problems
Sharing knowledge for problem solving
organizational theory, knowledge transfer is the practical problem of transferring knowledge from one part of the organization to another. Like knowledge management
Knowledge_transfer
Indigenous and other traditional knowledge of local ecology
Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) is a cumulative body of knowledge, practice, and belief, evolving by adaptive processes and handed down through
Traditional ecological knowledge
Traditional_ecological_knowledge
Intelligence of machines
express verbally). There is also the difficulty of knowledge acquisition, the problem of obtaining knowledge for AI applications. An "agent" is any entity
Artificial_intelligence
Learner centric pedagogy
believed that students acquire a deeper knowledge through active exploration of real-world challenges and problems. Students learn about a subject by working
Project-based_learning
Type of artificial intelligence approach
a common knowledge base, the "blackboard", is iteratively updated by a diverse group of specialist knowledge sources, starting with a problem specification
Blackboard_system
Knowledge management software
A personal knowledge base (PKB) is an electronic tool used by an individual to express, capture, and later retrieve personal knowledge. It differs from
Personal_knowledge_base
Mental process dealing with knowledge
the problem of how physical states can give rise to conscious experience. Epistemologists seek to understand the nature and limits of knowledge. They
Cognition
Doubt about God's existence
or whether the obstacles to knowledge are insurmountable. Pessimistic forms of agnosticism differ over whether the problem is with available evidence or
Agnosticism
Process used to define the rules and ontologies required for a knowledge-based system
Knowledge acquisition is the process used to define the rules and ontologies required for a knowledge-based system. The phrase was first used in conjunction
Knowledge_acquisition
Subfield of computer science and logic
In computer science, in particular in knowledge representation and reasoning and metalogic, the area of automated reasoning is dedicated to understanding
Automated_reasoning
Arrangement of points on a sphere
J. Thomson posed the problem in 1904 after proposing an atomic model, later called the plum pudding model, based on his knowledge of the existence of negatively
Thomson_problem
Conformity to reality
ISBN 978-90-277-2354-3. Nutting, Eileen S. "The Benacerraf Problem of Mathematical Truth and Knowledge". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 14 January
Truth
Palestinian-American Islamic scholar (1921–1986)
interfaith dialogue, and is best known for pioneering the Islamization of knowledge and articulating tawhid (monotheism) as a comprehensive worldview. He
Ismail_al-Faruqi
Field of knowledge
Mathematics is a field of knowledge concerned with abstract concepts such as numbers, geometric shapes, sets, functions, and probabilities. It uses logical
Mathematics
About polynomials in several variables
using little beyond a knowledge of calculus. The Jacobian conjecture is number 16 in Stephen Smale's 1998 list of Mathematical Problems for the Next Century
Jacobian_conjecture
Philosophical problem
its failure to solve the problem it was formulated to solve. The vice of an infinite regress can be local if it causes problems only for certain theories
Infinite_regress
Phenomenon of knowledge spilling over to other people
Knowledge spillover is an exchange of ideas among individuals. Knowledge spillover is usually replaced by terminations of technology spillover, R&D spillover
Knowledge_spillover
Spanish cooperative federation
organizations in four areas of activity: finance, industry, retail and knowledge. By 2019, 81,507 people were employed. In 2024, it had over 70,000 workers
Mondragon_Corporation
Assumption that natural laws are constant through time and space
required, on two grounds. First, nothing in our incomplete but extensive knowledge of history disagrees with it. Second, only with this postulate is a rational
Uniformitarianism
Person who facilitates knowledge transfer
incomprehensibility problems, and the inevitability of mistakes (out of anyone's purview, due to resource constraints in personal and group knowledge management)
Knowledge_broker
Process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems
name for case-based reasoning in problem solving is symptomatic strategies. It does require à priori domain knowledge that is gleaned from past experience
Case-based_reasoning
Artificial intelligence project
the sub-problem. The first version of OpenCyc was released in spring 2002 and contained only 6,000 concepts and 60,000 facts. The knowledge base was
Cyc
8th-century Indian Vedic scholar
was the liberating knowledge of the true identity of jīvātman (individual self) as Ātman-Brahman, emphasizing that "right knowledge arises at the moment
Adi_Shankara
Term from the sociology of science
address specific, real-world problems, with the aim of producing knowledge (applied research) within the context of knowledge society. Mode 2 can be explained
Knowledge_production_modes
Practice of increasing online visibility
information that appears in Google's Knowledge Panel in the search results. Depending on the searches, Google can show relevant local results in Google Maps or Search
Local search engine optimisation
Local_search_engine_optimisation
Problem of determining if a Boolean formula could be made true
computer science, the Boolean satisfiability problem (sometimes called propositional satisfiability problem and abbreviated SATISFIABILITY, SAT or B-SAT)
Boolean satisfiability problem
Boolean_satisfiability_problem
New and legacy software co-existence
the context (local landscape) of the system being created be factored into any development exercise. This requires a detailed knowledge of the systems
Brownfield (software development)
Brownfield_(software_development)
Private university in South Korea
Worldview and Creative Knowledge The purpose of education is to cultivate practical talents with a Christian worldview and creative knowledge, thereby meeting
Pyeongtaek_University
Suddenly understanding a problem or concept
the problem. Once the person relaxes his or her constraints, they can bring previously unavailable knowledge into working memory to solve the problem. The
Eureka_effect
Creation of knowledge from structured and unstructured sources
Knowledge extraction is the creation of knowledge from structured (relational databases, XML) and unstructured (text, documents, images) sources. The
Knowledge_extraction
Unanswered question in the study of consciousness
binding problem is the problem of how objects, background, and abstract or emotional features are combined into a single experience. The binding problem refers
Binding_problem
Type of software system
order to solve real-world problems. Many reasoning systems employ deductive reasoning to draw inferences from available knowledge. These inference engines
Reasoning_system
Field in computer-aided design
Knowledge-based engineering (KBE) is the application of knowledge-based systems technology to the domain of design of manufacturing systems. The design
Knowledge-based_engineering
Statement of infinite regress
"Turtles all the way down" is an expression of the problem of infinite regress. The saying alludes to the mythological idea of a World Turtle that supports
Turtles_all_the_way_down
Mathematical problem set on a chessboard
(October 1994). "Efficient local search with conflict minimization: a case study of the n-queens problem". IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Eight_queens_puzzle
Process of calculating the causal factors that produced a set of observations
An inverse problem in science is the process of calculating from a set of observations the causal factors that produced them: for example, calculating
Inverse_problem
Philosophical principle
mind-independent, knowledge ought to work. Hungarian philosopher Imre Lakatos built upon the theory by rephrasing the problem of demarcation as the problem of normative
Fallibilism
Field of machine learning
used to solve reinforcement learning problems by averaging sample returns. Unlike methods that require full knowledge of the environment's dynamics, Monte
Reinforcement_learning
Record of humanity's attempts to find east-west position on Earth
ocean navigation, knowledge of both latitude and longitude is required, however latitude can be determined with good accuracy with local astronomical observations
History_of_longitude
AI whose outputs can be understood by humans
expert or knowledge based are software systems that are made by experts. This system consists of a knowledge based encoding for the domain knowledge. This
Explainable artificial intelligence
Explainable_artificial_intelligence
Philosophical question about personal identity
condition of appearance from within, reframing the problem as one of how experience arises from a local perspective rather than who possesses an inner self
Why_am_I_me?
Technique to solve partial differential equations
and engineering problems limit the robustness of conventional machine learning models used for these applications. The prior knowledge of general physical
Physics-informed neural networks
Physics-informed_neural_networks
Management of the flow of resources
mail deliveries, public utilities, and after-sales services, logistical problems must be addressed. Logistics deals with the movement of materials or products
Logistics
Theory that discusses human intelligence from an epistemological perspective
"pragmatic orientation" in which humans actively use knowledge for practical applications, such as problem solving and understanding reality. Michael Lamport
Piaget's theory of cognitive development
Piaget's_theory_of_cognitive_development
Misconduct by Western researchers who do not collaborate with local experts
call for the end of these extractivist practices in order to decolonize knowledge. This kind of research approach reduces the quality of research because
Neo-colonial_science
Sequence of operations for a task
mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are used as specifications for
Algorithm
Process of managing interactions with customers
customers are supported through multiple channels such as phone, email, knowledge bases, ticketing portals, FAQs, and more. The role of analytical CRM systems
Customer relationship management
Customer_relationship_management
Interplay between observation, experiment, and theory in science
The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge through careful observation, rigorous skepticism, hypothesis testing, and experimental
Scientific_method
D-Day rehearsal in 1944
Devon, it proved fraught with difficulties. Coordination and communication problems resulted in friendly fire injuries during the exercise, and an Allied convoy
Exercise_Tiger
German philosopher (1724–1804)
subject and motivated by the desire to secure the possibility of both knowledge and morality against the threats of skepticism and determinism. In the
Immanuel_Kant
English philosopher and logician (1872–1970)
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1912. The Problems of Philosophy. London: Williams and Norgate 1914. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific
Bertrand_Russell
Learning theory involving the construction of mental models
knowledge. Students learn through participation in project-based learning where they make connections between different ideas and areas of knowledge facilitated
Constructionism (learning theory)
Constructionism_(learning_theory)
1977 nonfiction book by Christopher Alexander
the problem, but in a very general and abstract way—so you can solve the problem, in your way, by adapting it to your preferences, and the local conditions
A_Pattern_Language
Branch of academic disciplines
some universities are including coursework relating to Wikipedia and Knowledge Management in their MLIS programs. Becoming a library staff member does
Library and information science
Library_and_information_science
Totality of existing entities
changes unfold. Realism is the view that reality does not depend on human knowledge or consciousness and exists apart from them. Anti-realism, by contrast
Reality
Australian and American mathematician (born 1975)
Candes and Benjamin Recht considered an analogous problem for recovering a matrix from knowledge of only a few of its entries and the information that
Terence_Tao
higher-order problem-solving knowledge, are uncovered by machines. They are thereafter made available for reuse across various problems. As such, making
Memetic_computing
Hypertext-based personal knowledge base system
NoteCards was a hypertext-based personal knowledge base system developed at Xerox PARC by Randall Trigg, Frank Halasz and Thomas Moran in 1984. NoteCards
NoteCards
Concept in decision-making
strategies. Exploitation involves choosing the best option based on current knowledge of the system (which may be incomplete or misleading), while exploration
Exploration–exploitation dilemma
Exploration–exploitation_dilemma
Decision-making framework
Inquiry Karl E. Weick Morphological analysis (problem-solving) Narrative inquiry OODA loop SECI model of knowledge dimensions There are known knowns Uncertainty
Cynefin_framework
help of this prior knowledge, the solution space is appropriately reduced, and the problem is transformed into a "well-posed" problem. The constraints of
Correspondence_problem
Metaheuristic method for optimization problems
problems, nonlinear program problems, etc. VNS systematically changes the neighborhood in two phases: firstly, descent to find a local optimum and finally, a
Variable_neighborhood_search
Master's degree in business leadership
and structuring of what is known on a given topic, to address a specific problem; a case study that goes beyond simple description, containing the analysis
Master of Business Administration
Master_of_Business_Administration
Classify quadratic forms over algebraic number fields
furthering of the theory of quadratic forms, he stated the problem as follows: Our present knowledge of the theory of quadratic number fields puts us in a
Hilbert's_eleventh_problem
Dimensionality reduction of graph-based semantic data objects [machine learning task]
In representation learning, knowledge graph embedding (KGE), also called knowledge representation learning (KRL), or multi-relation learning, is a machine
Knowledge_graph_embedding
Branch of science that studies society and its relationships
Psychology also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including problems of individuals' daily lives and the treatment
Social_science
Absence of belief in the existence of deities; the opposite of theism
Rationales for not believing in deities include the lack of evidence, the problem of evil, the argument from inconsistent revelations, the rejection of concepts
Atheism
Any algorithm which solves the search problem
search problem. Search algorithms work to retrieve information stored within particular data structure, or calculated in the search space of a problem domain
Search_algorithm
Country in northwestern Europe
Language of Conflict, Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, One specific problem – in both general and particular senses – is to know what to call Northern
United_Kingdom
Machine learning technique
technique where multiple expert networks (learners) are used to divide a problem space into homogeneous regions. MoE represents a form of ensemble learning
Mixture_of_experts
Sequential model-based optimization of expensive black-box functions
it can still be a nonconvex auxiliary problem. Its optimum is often sought by discretization, multi-start local optimization, or deterministic numerical
Bayesian_optimization
Network for Climate knowledge and development
The Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) works to enhance the quality of life for the poorest and most vulnerable to climate change. CDKN
Climate and Development Knowledge Network
Climate_and_Development_Knowledge_Network
Doubtful attitude toward knowledge claims
Skepticism (US) or scepticism (UK) is a questioning attitude or doubt toward knowledge claims that are seen as mere belief or dogma. For example, if a person
Skepticism
Artificial intelligence data structure
than modeling. Frame problem Deductive classifier Description logic First-order logic Knowledge base Knowledge-based system Knowledge graph Ontology language
Frame (artificial intelligence)
Frame_(artificial_intelligence)
English screenwriter, film director and producer (1970–2010)
heart problem, it is not really for me to say, you must ask him, but yes, there have been health problems in the past. I believe it's common knowledge, and
Simon_Monjack
Traditional knowledge Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a toolset of systems designed to document and utilize traditional knowledge from communities
Traditional_knowledge_GIS
Computer system simulating intelligence
probabilistic methods bring out the possible solutions to a problem, based on prior knowledge. Over the last decade, there has been a strong increase in
Computational_intelligence
domain knowledge in the search methodology. The resulting approach should be cheap and fast to implement, requiring less expertise in either the problem domain
Hyper-heuristic
certain amount of information on the problem is usually known beforehand. The incorporation of this prior knowledge into the training is the key element
Prior knowledge for pattern recognition
Prior_knowledge_for_pattern_recognition
Crucial skill in all different fields of work and life
investigation, problem-solving, mathematical literacy and the use of mathematical discourse. The student actively constructs their knowledge and understanding
Analytical_skill
Basic distinction in philosophy
subjectivism is that it is difficult to distinguish between knowledge, opinions, and subjective knowledge. Platonic idealism is a form of metaphysical objectivism
Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)
Subjectivity_and_objectivity_(philosophy)
Species of hominid in the genus Homo
development of science, philosophy, religion, mythology and other fields of knowledge. Humans have a large and highly developed prefrontal cortex, the region
Human
Study of culturally induced ignorance or doubt
Within the sociology of knowledge, agnotology (formerly agnatology) is the study of deliberate, culturally cultivated ignorance or doubt, typically to
Agnotology
Hindu tradition of textual interpretation
so it cannot be the source of avidya. Another problem is that contradictory qualities, namely knowledge and ignorance, are attributed to Brahman. Another
Advaita_Vedanta
Decolonial theory
revered by the locals. Similarly, Aram Ziai et al identified the "problem of coloniality" in three distinct but interconnected levels of knowledge production
Coloniality_of_knowledge
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE-PROBLEM
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE-PROBLEM
Boy/Male
British, English
Loyal
Girl/Female
Indian
Loyal
Boy/Male
Irish American Welsh
Loyal.
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Loyal
Girl/Female
French
Loyal.
Boy/Male
Indian
Loyal
Boy/Male
English American French
Faithful; unswerving.
Boy/Male
Irish Welsh
Loyal.
Boy/Male
British, English
Loyal
Girl/Female
Muslim
Loyal
Boy/Male
American, British, English, Italian
Loyal
Boy/Male
English American
Loyal.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, French
Faithful; True
Boy/Male
Irish
Loyal.
Boy/Male
Italian Greek
Loyal.
Boy/Male
Irish
Loyal.
Boy/Male
Arabic
Loyal
Boy/Male
Irish Welsh
Loyal.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
True Knowlege; Lord Brahma; Having the True Knowledge
Boy/Male
British, English
Loyal
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE-PROBLEM
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE-PROBLEM
Girl/Female
Tamil
Anumeha | அநà¯à®®à¯‡à®¹à®¾
After the rain
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English, German, Latin
Cheerful; Merry; Joyous
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dhana Priya | தநாபà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®¾
Loved by wealth
Boy/Male
American, Assamese, Bengali, British, Czechoslovakian, Danish, English, Finnish, French, German, Hindu, Indian, Irish, Japanese, Lebanese, Shakespearean, Swedish, Swiss, Tamil, Teutonic
A Singing Bird; Bright Fame; Famed; Shining; Victory; Famous; A Bird Name
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Purchase.
Boy/Male
Hindu
One of the great sages
Girl/Female
Tamil
Tamasvi | தமாஸà¯à®µà¯€
Boy/Male
American, Australian
Versatile
Girl/Female
Hindu
Gold thing
Girl/Female
Tamil
Line, Sentence
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE-PROBLEM
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE-PROBLEM
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE-PROBLEM
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE-PROBLEM
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE-PROBLEM
n.
A principle, practice, form of speech, or other thing of local use, or limited to a locality.
n.
On newspaper cant, an item of news relating to the place where the paper is published.
n.
Knowledge of one's self, or of one's own character, powers, limitations, etc.
v. t.
To acknowledge.
v. i.
That which is gained and preserved by knowing; instruction; acquaintance; enlightenment; learning; scholarship; erudition.
v. i.
Scope of information; cognizance; notice; as, it has not come to my knowledge.
a.
Loyal.
n.
A train which receives and deposits passengers or freight along the line of the road; a train for the accommodation of a certain district.
v. i.
Sexual intercourse; -- usually preceded by carnal; as, carnal knowledge.
v. t.
To own with gratitude or as a benefit or an obligation; as, to acknowledge a favor, the receipt of a letter.
a.
Of or pertaining to a particular place, or to a definite region or portion of space; restricted to one place or region; as, a local custom.
v. i.
That familiarity which is gained by actual experience; practical skill; as, a knowledge of life.
v.
Knowledge.
n.
Knowledge.
v. i.
That which is or may be known; the object of an act of knowing; a cognition; -- chiefly used in the plural.
v. i.
The act or state of knowing; clear perception of fact, truth, or duty; certain apprehension; familiar cognizance; cognition.
a.
Uttered or modulated by the voice; oral; as, vocal melody; vocal prayer.
v. t.
To of or admit the knowledge of; to recognize as a fact or truth; to declare one's belief in; as, to acknowledge the being of a God.
a.
Belonging to,or concerning, a focus; as, a focal point.
n.
A vocal sound; specifically, a purely vocal element of speech, unmodified except by resonance; a vowel or a diphthong; a tonic element; a tonic; -- distinguished from a subvocal, and a nonvocal.