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Prince of the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged
Llywarch Hen (Welsh: [ˈɬəwarχ ˈheːn], "Llywarch the Old"; c. 534 – c. 608), was a prince and poet of the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged, a ruling family
Llywarch_Hen
Collection of early Welsh englyn-poems
Canu Llywarch Hen (Welsh for 'the songs of Llywarch Hen', Modern Welsh pronunciation: ['kani 'ɬəwarχ heːn]) are a collection of early Welsh englyn-poems
Canu_Llywarch_Hen
Name list
Llywarch is a given name. Notable people with the name include: Llywarch Hen (6th century), Brythonic prince and poet Llywarch ap Hyfaidd (died c. 904)
Llywarch
Sub-Roman kingdom of Northern Britain
brother: Elidir Lydanwyn. According to Bonedd Gwŷr y Gogledd Elidir's son, Llywarch Hen, was a ruler in North Britain in the 6th century. He was driven from
Rheged
Medieval Welsh poet
survivors; he remained a captive until his ransom was paid by Ceneu ap Llywarch Hen. Miller, Arthur (1885). "Aneurin". In Dictionary of National Biography
Aneirin
Welsh-language literature in the Middle Ages
manuscript dating from c. 1265. The poetry associated with Llywarch Hen, Canu Llywarch Hen and with Heledd, Canu Heledd, dates from a somewhat later period:
Medieval_Welsh_literature
Tidal island in northeast England
Clydno Eiddin Cunedda Coel Hen Saint Kentigern Elffin ap Gwyddno Gwallog ap Llênog Gwenddolau Gwriad ab Elidyr Llywarch Hen Morcant Bulc Myrddin Wyllt
Lindisfarne
Term for medieval Brittonic-speaking northern Britain
Welsh Poetry. The bardic poetry attributed to Taliesin, Aneirin, and Llywarch Hen. The genealogical tracts of the Harleian genealogies, the Bonedd Gwŷr
Old_North_(Britain)
Sub-Roman Welsh poet
Clydno Eiddin Cunedda Coel Hen Saint Kentigern Elffin ap Gwyddno Gwallog ap Llênog Gwenddolau Gwriad ab Elidyr Llywarch Hen Morcant Bulc Myrddin Wyllt
Taliesin
Ruler of Alt Clut
Clut, a Brittonic kingdom in the Hen Ogledd or "Old North" of Britain. He was one of the most famous kings in the Hen Ogledd, and appears frequently in
Rhydderch_Hael
Middle Welsh genealogical tract
heroes who are prominent in other traditions, such as the Rheged prince Llywarch Hen. The text consists chiefly of two sections, each of which seeks to trace
Bonedd_Gwŷr_y_Gogledd
Settlement in sub-Roman Britain
heroic and elegiac poetry concerning early Powys and the Hen Ogledd known as Canu Llywarch Hen. His story is also told in the Marwnad Cynddylan (transl
Pengwern
Sixth-century ruler of Rheged
passing in the Llywarch Hen cycle, poems about the sufferings of his cousin Llywarch and written with the poet speaking from Llywarch's point of view.
Urien_Rheged
attributed to Aneirin or Taliesin or to characters such as Myrddin and Llywarch Hen. The dominant theme of the earliest Welsh poetry is the panegyric: heroic
Welsh-language_literature
Poetic inspiration in Welsh
It is also recorded in its current form in Canu Llywarch Hen (c. 9th~10th century) where Llywarch says 'I know by my awen' indicating it as a source
Awen
Name list
Hen (born 1923), Polish novelist, essayist, playwright, screenwriter and reporter Llywarch Hen, sixth century prince of the kingdom of Rheged Tal Hen
Hen_(name)
Brythonic prince Morcant Bulc in post-Roman Britain
Clydno Eiddin Cunedda Coel Hen Saint Kentigern Elffin ap Gwyddno Gwallog ap Llênog Gwenddolau Gwriad ab Elidyr Llywarch Hen Morcant Bulc Myrddin Wyllt
Morcant_Bulc
City in Cumbria, England
Clydno Eiddin Cunedda Coel Hen Saint Kentigern Elffin ap Gwyddno Gwallog ap Llênog Gwenddolau Gwriad ab Elidyr Llywarch Hen Morcant Bulc Myrddin Wyllt
Carlisle
King of Rheged in Northern Britain
the Gwynedd version of Hywel Dda's 'Welsh laws'. He was the father of Llywarch Hen. Rachel Bromwich (gol.), Trioedd Ynys Prydein (Cardiff, 1961; republished
Meirchion_Gul
Town in Scotland
Clydno Eiddin Cunedda Coel Hen Saint Kentigern Elffin ap Gwyddno Gwallog ap Llênog Gwenddolau Gwriad ab Elidyr Llywarch Hen Morcant Bulc Myrddin Wyllt
Dumbarton
Missionary in the British Kingdom of Strathclyde (518–614)
Clydno Eiddin Cunedda Coel Hen Saint Kentigern Elffin ap Gwyddno Gwallog ap Llênog Gwenddolau Gwriad ab Elidyr Llywarch Hen Morcant Bulc Myrddin Wyllt
Saint_Mungo
King of Man (died c. 800)
Gwriad's ancestry to many legendary figures such as Dwg, son of Llywarch Hen, Coel Hen, and Beli Mawr. Gwriad's supposed male-line ancestors appear for
Gwriad_ab_Elidyr
Character from Welsh folklore
probably in the 10th or 11th century and traditionally attributed to Llywarch Hen. However, Derek Bryce, following other scholars, suggests that the later
Geraint
King of Gwynedd from c. 826 to 844
little is known of Merfyn's father Gwriad. Merfyn claimed descent from Llywarch Hen through him, and the royal pedigree in Jesus College MS. 20 says that
Merfyn_Frych
Sub-Roman kingdom of Northern Britain
were a Brittonic people of north-eastern Britannia, the area known as the Hen Ogledd or Old North (modern south-east Scotland and north-east England),
Gododdin
14th-century Welsh manuscript collection
(Welsh: Gogynfeirdd or Beirdd y Tywysogion), including the cycles Canu Llywarch Hen, Canu Urien, and Canu Heledd. It contains also poems by Myrddin Wyllt
Red_Book_of_Hergest
King of Gwynedd from c. 625 to 634
genealogies as son of Guitcun and grandson of Sawyl Penuchel, rulers in the Hen Ogledd or Brythonic-speaking area of northern Britain. Cadwallon was affected
Cadwallon_ap_Cadfan
Character in Welsh mythology
Clydno Eiddin Cunedda Coel Hen Saint Kentigern Elffin ap Gwyddno Gwallog ap Llênog Gwenddolau Gwriad ab Elidyr Llywarch Hen Morcant Bulc Myrddin Wyllt
Elffin_ap_Gwyddno
Early Middle Ages kingdom of northern England
have been created from a larger kingdom ruled by the semi-legendary Coel Hen. The historian Alex Woolf suggests that the region of Elfed had a distinct
Kingdom_of_Elfed
Brittonic kingdom in early medieval Britain
Scotland and North West England, a region the Welsh tribes referred to as Yr Hen Ogledd ('the Old North'). At its greatest extent in the 10th century, it
Kingdom_of_Strathclyde
manuscripts are attributed to the bards Myrddin, Aneirin, Taliessin, and Llywarch Hen. The principal texts of the Four Ancient Books of Wales were edited and
Four_Ancient_Books_of_Wales
Medieval Welsh poem
Canu Llywarch Hen; indeed, in the White Book, Claf Abercuawg is entitled 'Englynion Mabclaf ap Llywarch' (‘englynion of Mabclaf son of Llywarch’). However
Claf_Abercuawg
King of Rheged
Clydno Eiddin Cunedda Coel Hen Saint Kentigern Elffin ap Gwyddno Gwallog ap Llênog Gwenddolau Gwriad ab Elidyr Llywarch Hen Morcant Bulc Myrddin Wyllt
Owain_mab_Urien
Medieval Welsh poem
stanza appears to be part of the separate cycle of poems associated with Llywarch Hen. The third interpolation is a poem entitled "Dinogad's Smock", a cradle-song
Y_Gododdin
Ancestor figure of the First Dynasty of Gwynedd
fought against Julius Caesar during his invasion of Britain in 54 BC. Coel Hen, possibly based on a historical figure from post-Roman Britain, was said
Cunedda
Welsh poems concerning Cadwallon ap Cadfan
similarities to other early Welsh 'saga' literature like Canu Heledd and Canu Llywarch Hen. 'Gofara Braint' survives only in five lines, and refers to Edwin's head
Canu_Cadwallon
Type of poetry
[citation needed] The 9th-century Canu Llywarch Hen and Canu Heledd are both associated with the earlier prince Llywarch Hen. Welsh poetry is connected directly
Welsh_poetry
Welsh scholar
earliest Welsh Poetry. He produced Canu Llywarch Hen in 1935 covering the poetry associated with Llywarch Hen, then in 1938 possibly his most important
Ifor_Williams
Prydain. He is also mentioned in a poem on the death of Urien of Rheged. Llywarch Hen says: "Let savage Unhwch guide me; It was said in Drws Llech, ‘Dunod
Dynod_Bwr
Sixth-century Brythonic monarch
as 'Gwallog son of Llênog son of Maeswig Gloff son of Cenau son of Coel Hen'. That Coel was truly the progenitor of these dynasties, however, is a matter
Gwallog_ap_Llênog
Welsh mythical objects
appears to refer to the Brân son of Ymellyrn who is depicted in the Llywarch Hen cycle of poems as an opponent of the kings of Rheged. The latter has
Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain
Thirteen_Treasures_of_the_Island_of_Britain
Ecoregion in the British Isles
Clydno Eiddin Cunedda Coel Hen Saint Kentigern Elffin ap Gwyddno Gwallog ap Llênog Gwenddolau Gwriad ab Elidyr Llywarch Hen Morcant Bulc Myrddin Wyllt
Caledonian_Forest
Kingdom on the Isle of Man, 550–825 AD
of Celemion ferch Tudwal; Ruled jure uxoris Male-line descendant of Llywarch Hen Coeling Elidyr (b. c.730) 790 Early 800s Son of Sandde ap Alcwn and Celemion
Ynys_Manau
County town of Shropshire, England
Shrewsbury in the poetry of the British prince Llywarch Hen, who mourned the destruction of Uriconium. Llywarch Hen's presence at the court of Prince Cynddylan
Shrewsbury
Britonnic kingdom or sub-kingdom of sub-Roman Britain
Scotland. Rachel Bromwich agrees that Kelso or a similar location in the Hen Ogledd is most likely, while noting that Kenneth Jackson doubted this identification
Calchfynydd
Myths related to longevity
Long Quân reigned from 2793 BC to 2524 BC (about 269 years). Welsh bard Llywarch Hen (Heroic Elegies) died c. 500 in the parish of Llanvor, traditionally
Longevity_myths
Welsh aristocrat and administrator (died 1311)
Tudur Hen ap Goronwy was a Welsh aristocrat and administrator. He was one of three sons of Goronwy ab Ednyfed who received lands from King Edward I of
Tudur_Hen_ap_Goronwy
Forms of poetry, genre lyric and epic in the medieval era
bards Aneirin Llyfr Aneirin Y Gododdin Canu Heledd Dafydd ap Gwilym Llywarch Hen Taliesin Llyfr Taliesin Armes Prydein Cad Goddeu Preiddeu Annwfn Wilhelm
Medieval_poetry
Someone who claims to be rightful holder of a throne that is vacant or held by another
claimed ancestors from among the rulers of British Rheged (in particular Llywarch Hen). It was acknowledged by all of the realms of Wales after the time of
Pretender
Seventh century Welsh ruler
(1932), 134-41 (edition, with manuscript orthography) Ifor Williams, Canu Llywarch Hen, 2nd edn (Cardiff, 1953), pp. 50–52 (edition, with modernized orthography)
Cynddylan
Welsh mythological figure, warrior in King Arthur's court
the Book of Llan Dav and in two poems in Canu Llywarch Hen, where it is the name of one of Llywarch Hen's sons. In at least one variant of the second poem
Sanddef
Village, civil parish and electoral ward in North Yorkshire, England
Clydno Eiddin Cunedda Coel Hen Saint Kentigern Elffin ap Gwyddno Gwallog ap Llênog Gwenddolau Gwriad ab Elidyr Llywarch Hen Morcant Bulc Myrddin Wyllt
Catterick,_North_Yorkshire
Anglo-Saxon battle (c. 642 CE)
Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, Book III, Chapters IX–XII. Llywarch Hen (attribution) (c.9th century). Canu Heledd. Remfry, P.M., Annales Cambriae
Battle_of_Maserfield
Kingdom in northwest Wales, c. 500–1283
Merfyn's male line went back to the Hen Ogledd to Llywarch Hen, a first cousin of Urien and thus a direct descendant of Coel Hen. Thus the House of Cunedda and
Kingdom_of_Gwynedd
Common elements in place-names of Celtic origin
origin. Berwick may have had the aber- prefix originally. According to Llywarch Hên, an Aber Lleu near Lindisfarne was the site of Urien of Rheged's assassination
Aber and Inver (placename elements)
Aber_and_Inver_(placename_elements)
Traditional Welsh short poem form
moments of characters' emotional reflection in stories now lost: Canu Llywarch Hen, Canu Urien, Canu Heledd. Others survey heroic tradition, for example
Englyn
King Arthur's dog
PT 38n. on caffon. (Ifor Williams, CA=Canu Aneirin, 1938; CLlH=Canu Llywarch Hen, 1935; PT=Poems of Taliesin) Ford, Patrick K. (1982), "On the Significance
Cavall
King of Gwynedd from c. 520 to c. 547
the song To Maenwyn found in the Red Book of Hergest and attributed to Llywarch Hen. The steward (Welsh: maer) Maenwyn is encouraged to resist a command
Maelgwn_Gwynedd
Creature from Welsh mythology
birds to mourn the death of their master. The lyrics are atributed to Llywarch Hen. Drudwas ap Tryffin trwm i ddiwarnawd Rhac trallawd a gorddin Adwyth
Adar_Llwch_Gwin
Human settlement in Wales
end of a 'Cynddylan' fragment in the Middle Welsh poetry known as Canu Llywarch Hen (XI. 112b.113b). When I hear the thundering roar, [it is] the host of
Abergwyngregyn
Historic building in Conwy, Wales
post-Roman kingdoms of Wales. Two significant encounters were in AD 610, when Llywarch Hen, a bardic prince of Rheged, fought a bloody battle nearby and later when
Gwydir_Castle
Collection of early Welsh englyn-poems
words. As with the other so-called 'saga englynion’ (pre-eminently Canu Llywarch Hen and Canu Urien), there is considerable uncertainty and debate as to how
Canu_Heledd
Calendar year
Northumbria invade Rheged ("Old North") in Northern England, and expel King Llywarch Hen. He flees to Powys, and becomes a famous bard. Edwin's armies fight against
620
King of Arfderydd
genealogies claim that the legendary figure of Coel Hen is Gwenddoleu's great-great-great-grandfather. Coel Hen was a semi-historical figure and legend often
Gwenddoleu_ap_Ceidio
400s–1160 kingdom in east-central Wales
6 April 2025. Davies, John (1990). History of Wales, Penguin Books. Llywarch Hen (attribution) (c. 9th century). Canu Heledd. Remfry, P. M., (2003) A
Kingdom_of_Powys
8th-century King of Dumnonia
"Geraint son of Erbin" (10th–11th century, traditionally ascribed to Llywarch Hen), although its title names an earlier, 5th-century Geraint of dubious
Geraint_of_Dumnonia
Civil parish in Cumbria, England
Clydno Eiddin Cunedda Coel Hen Saint Kentigern Elffin ap Gwyddno Gwallog ap Llênog Gwenddolau Gwriad ab Elidyr Llywarch Hen Morcant Bulc Myrddin Wyllt
Arthuret
Topics referred to by the same term
Powys (Elvan of Powys), a seventh century character named throughout Llywarch Hen's englyn-poem, Canu Heledd. Elvan Abeylegesse (born 1982), Ethiopian-Turkish
Elvan_(disambiguation)
primarily oral in nature. Y Gododdin Book of Aneirin Book of Taliesin Canu Llywarch Hen Y Llafurwr Sally Harper (5 July 2017). Music in Welsh Culture Before
Welsh_bardic_music
Breton druid and bard (6th century)
12th century Welsh poems attributed to the bards Aneurin, Taliesin and Llywarch Hen as his sources. Mary-Ann Constantine Prophecy and Pastiche in the Breton
Gwenc'hlan
Village in Shropshire, England
citypopulation.de. Retrieved 27 November 2025. Williams, Ifor, Canu Llywarch Hen University of Wales Press 1978. Jenny Rowland, Early Welsh Saga Poetry:
Baschurch
1829 historical romance by Thomas Love Peacock
adaptations of bardic poems by, among others, Taliesin, Myrddin and Llywarch Hen, though some, such as "The War-Song of Dinas Vawr", were original compositions
The_Misfortunes_of_Elphin
of Celemion ferch Tudwal; Ruled jure uxoris; Male-line descendant of Llywarch Hen Coeling Elidyr (b. c.730) 790 Early 800s Son of Sandde ap Alcwn and Celemion
List_of_Manx_monarchs
Welsh noble and statesman (died 1246)
had an elder brother named Gruffudd, the son of Llywarch by his mistress Tangwystl, daughter of Llywarch Goch. Llywelyn had intended that his younger son
Ednyfed_Fychan
Welsh poet and astrologer (b. 540 CE)
e., among the battles in Historia Brittonum) (index), i.e., that part of Hen Gogledd including Ettrick Forest and Tweeddale. Though in a later passage
Myrddin_Wyllt
Part of the Brythonic-speaking Kingdom of Gododdin in the post-Roman Era
Gododdin was located within the territory of modern Scotland, as a part of Yr Hen Ogledd (English: The Old North), it is also an intrinsic part of Welsh history
Manaw_Gododdin
Welsh courtier and soldier (c.1400–1461)
the Normans. Goronwy and Morfydd were parents of Tudur Hen, Lord of Penmynydd (d. 1311). Tudur Hen married Angharad ferch Ithel Fychan, daughter of Ithel
Owen_Tudor
Middle Welsh verse
further englynion survive as part of the poetic cycles of Heledd and Llywarch Hen in the Red Book of Hergest and two transcripts, supposedly from the White
Englynion_y_Beddau
11th-century Welsh nobleman
guardant or. Llywelyn traced his ancestry to Sandde, a different son of Llywarch Hen from that claimed by the kings of Gwynedd and Deheubarth. His eldest
Llywelyn_Aurdorchog
Parry (ed) – Baledi'r Ddeunawfed Ganrif Ifor Williams (editor) – Canu Llywarch Hen James Kitchener Davies – Cwm Glo Emlyn Williams – Night Must Fall Stephen
1935_in_Wales
Medieval Welsh realms and their rulers
Maredudd (d. 811) Triffyn ap Rhain (d. 814) Hyfaidd ap Bleddri (d. 893) Llywarch ap Hyfaidd (d. 904) Rhodri ap Hyfaidd (d. 905) Cunedda Wledig ap Edern
List_of_rulers_in_Wales
1200s–1600s raiders along the Anglo-Scottish border
behaviour appear in the Old Welsh (Hen Ogledd) poems attributed to bards such as Taliesin, Aneirin, and Llywarch Hen, which describe battles and raids
Border_reivers
7th-century princess of the Kingdom of Powys
"Yr Hen Iaith part ten: Voicing Loss - The Songs of Heledd". Nation.Cymru. Retrieved 2026-07-07. "BBC Wales - Arts - Early Welsh literature - Llywarch Hen
Heledd_ferch_Cyndrwyn
Juvencus Englynion. The englyn-cycles which were previously attributed to Llywarch Hen and Heledd are now seen as works of later (9th–10th century) poets. St
List of Welsh-language poets (6th century to c. 1600)
List_of_Welsh-language_poets_(6th_century_to_c._1600)
Legendary biography of the poet Taliesin
where he turned into a single grain of corn and she became a tufted black hen and ate him. She became pregnant because of this. She resolved to kill the
Hanes_Taliesin
Welsh aristocrat and soldier (died 1331)
Goronwy ap Tudur Hen (died 1331) was a Welsh aristocrat and Lord of Penmynydd. He was a member of the Penmynydd family and a direct ancestor of Owen Tudor
Goronwy_ap_Tudur_Hen
Hillfort in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
Clydno Eiddin Cunedda Coel Hen Saint Kentigern Elffin ap Gwyddno Gwallog ap Llênog Gwenddolau Gwriad ab Elidyr Llywarch Hen Morcant Bulc Myrddin Wyllt
Trusty's_Hill
Welsh poet
of poems in classical metres, and some free verse, such as "Pryddest Llywarch Hen" and "Rhieingerdd Elwy ac Alwen", he also wrote a novel, Y Sesiwn yng
John Davies (Taliesin Hiraethog)
John_Davies_(Taliesin_Hiraethog)
Human settlement in Wales
an unknown monk from Llanfor was reputedly responsible for converting Llywarch Hen, prince of Rheged, to Christianity. There is a legend that the Devil
Llanfor
Poem by Dafydd ap Gwilym
have been familiar to Dafydd from the englynion collected in the Canu Llywarch Hen and the Canu Heledd, such as the well-known poem on the destruction of
The Ruin (Dafydd ap Gwilym poem)
The_Ruin_(Dafydd_ap_Gwilym_poem)
Archaiology of Wales in the early 19th century. Other heroes include Llywarch Hen, Heledd, Urien Rheged, Gwenddolau and Geraint fab Erbin. From the world
Englynion_y_Clywaid
Poem
(1912–1913). "The Welsh bard and the poetry of external nature from Llywarch Hen to Dafydd ab Gwilym". The Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion:
Gorhoffedd Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd
Gorhoffedd_Hywel_ab_Owain_Gwynedd
Welsh Anglican priest and poet
followed in 1782. Other works included an edition and translation of Llywarch Hen's poems (published in The History of Wales by Warrington in 1788) and
John Walters (priest and poet)
John_Walters_(priest_and_poet)
Church in Shropshire, England
evidence for this is the Lament for Cynddylan incorporated in the poems of Llywarch Hen, which date in their written form to c. 850. The Historia Monacellae
St_Chad's_Church,_Shrewsbury
genealogist Llywarch ap Llywelyn (Prydydd y Moch, fl. 1173–1220, W), poet Llywarch Hen (c. 534 – c. 608, W), poet and prince Llywelyn Goch ap Meurig Hen (fl.
List_of_Welsh_writers
14th century Welsh manuscript
ap Meilyr, Bleddyn Fardd, Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr, Gwynfardd Brycheiniog, Llywarch ap Llywelyn, and Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd. Parts of the Hendregadredd Manuscript
Hendregadredd_Manuscript
Decade
Northumbria invade Rheged ("Old North") in Northern England, and expel King Llywarch Hen. He flees to Powys, and becomes a famous bard. Edwin's armies fight against
620s
Welsh composer
(1926). Contents: "O Fair Wen", "Berwyn" Stafell Gynddylan (attrib. Llywarch Hen) (c. 1926) Ten Welsh Folk Songs (Traditional, trans. David Vaughan Thomas)
David_Vaughan_Thomas
Fates of the Apostles, Juliana, Elene, and Christ II in Old English Llywarch Hen in Welsh Sequence of Saint Eulalia, earliest surviving poem in Old French
9th_century_in_poetry
Welsh nobleman and soldier
the Penmynydd family Members of the House of Tudor Tangwystl ferch Llywarch Ednyfed Fychan d. 1246 Gwenllian ferch Rhys d. 1236 Einion ap Gwalchmai
Maredudd_ap_Tudur
travel, tourism, insurance
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