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Welsh-language literature (Welsh: Llenyddiaeth Gymraeg) has been produced continuously since the divergence of Welsh as a distinct language from Brittonic
Welsh-language_literature
Index of articles associated with the same name
Welsh literature is any literature originating from Wales or by Welsh writers: Welsh-language literature for literature in the Welsh language Welsh literature
Welsh_literature
for this kind of writing arose because the term 'Welsh Literature' describes Welsh-language literature which has its own continuous tradition going back
Welsh_literature_in_English
Welsh-language literature in the Middle Ages
Medieval Welsh literature is the literature written in the Welsh language during the Middle Ages. This includes material starting from the 5th century
Medieval_Welsh_literature
Interdisciplinary field of research
Economy of Wales, Culture of Wales, Welsh language, Welsh-language literature, Welsh literature in English, and of Welsh people in Wales and elsewhere. It
Welsh_studies
Dialect of English spoken in Wales
the Welsh language in them, including by the use of the Welsh Not in some schools in the 18th and 19th centuries. "Anglo-Welsh literature" and "Welsh writing
Welsh_English
Brittonic language
Welsh (Cymraeg [kəmˈraːiɡ] or y Gymraeg [ə ɡəmˈraːiɡ]) is a Celtic language of the Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people. Welsh is spoken
Welsh_language
Children's Welsh-language national poet
2000, and managed by Literature Wales, and supported by the Welsh Government (specifically its Welsh Language Division), S4C, the Welsh Books Council and
Bardd_Plant_Cymru
Group of related texts in medieval manuscripts
amongst the Welsh bards or poets as a mnemonic aid in composing their poems and stories, and later became a rhetorical device of Welsh literature. The Medieval
Welsh_Triads
14th-century Welsh manuscript collection
most important medieval manuscripts written in the Welsh language. It preserves a collection of Welsh prose and poetry, notably the tales of the Mabinogion
Red_Book_of_Hergest
History of the Language and Literature of Wales, During the Twelfth and Two Succeeding Centuries : Containing Numerous Specimens of Ancient Welsh Poetry in
Four_Ancient_Books_of_Wales
Earliest Welsh prose stories
The Mabinogion (Welsh pronunciation: [mabɪˈnɔɡjɔn] ) is a collection of the earliest Welsh prose stories, compiled in Middle Welsh in the 12th–13th centuries
Mabinogion
Literature written in or related to the United Kingdom
of writing arose because of the parallel development of modern Welsh-language literature. Because Britain was a colonial power the use of English spread
British_literature
14th century Welsh manuscript
Andrew R.: Medieval Welsh Literature, Four Courts Press, 1997, p.30 – ISBN 978-1-8518-2229-4 Huws, Daniel (2000). Medieval Welsh Manuscripts. Aberystwyth:
Hendregadredd_Manuscript
1977 poetry anthology
Oxford Book of Welsh Verse in English is a 1977 poetry anthology edited by the author and academic Gwyn Jones. It covers both Welsh language poetry in English
The Oxford Book of Welsh Verse in English
The_Oxford_Book_of_Welsh_Verse_in_English
National literature promotion agency and writers' society
Literature Wales, formerly named the Academi, is the Welsh national literature promotion agency and society of writers, existing to promote Welsh-language
Literature_Wales
Wales portal Literature portal Contents A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z This is a list of Welsh-language authors. Richard Ithamar
List of Welsh-language authors
List_of_Welsh-language_authors
Late 13th century Welsh poetic manuscript
The Book of Aneirin (Welsh: Llyfr Aneirin) is a late 13th century Welsh manuscript containing Old and Middle Welsh poetry attributed to the late 6th century
Book_of_Aneirin
Poetic inspiration in Welsh
Awen is a Welsh, Cornish and Breton word for "inspiration" (and typically poetic inspiration). In Welsh mythology, awen is the inspiration of the poets
Awen
First complete translation of the Bible into Welsh (1588)
complete translated version of the Bible to appear in Welsh, and the first in any modern Celtic language. It was published in 1588, and the translator was
Y_Beibl_cyssegr-lan
Welsh mythology, created between 1050 and 1120
original Middle Welsh into other languages, including English. The Four Branches of the Mabinogi are the earliest prose stories in the literature of Britain
Four_Branches_of_the_Mabinogi
Old Welsh manuscript
University Library, MS Ff. 4.42; Welsh: Llawysgrif Juvencus) is one of the main surviving sources of Old Welsh. Unlike much Old Welsh, which is attested in manuscripts
Juvencus_Manuscript
Printed collection of medieval Welsh literature
Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales is a printed collection of medieval Welsh literature, published in three volumes by the Gwyneddigion Society between 1801
The Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales
The_Myvyrian_Archaiology_of_Wales
Welsh manuscript
Black Book of Carmarthen (Welsh: Llyfr Du Caerfyrddin) is thought to be the earliest surviving manuscript written solely in Welsh. The book dates from the
Black_Book_of_Carmarthen
Theatrical works associated with Wales
Theatre in Wales includes dramatic works in both the Welsh language and English language. Actors from Wales have also achieved international recognition
Theatre_of_Wales
Fictional Welsh heroine
Golden-Hand (/æŋˈhærəd/ ang-HARR-əd, Welsh: [aˈŋ̊arad]; otherwise Angharat or Angharad Law Eurawc) is the heroine of the Welsh Romance Peredur son of Efrawg
Angharad_Golden-Hand
Three Middle Welsh tales associated with the Mabinogion
The Three Welsh Romances (Welsh: Y Tair Rhamant) are three Middle Welsh tales associated with the Mabinogion. They are versions of Arthurian tales that
Three_Welsh_Romances
and over were able to speak the language in March 2024. Welsh is a de jure official language under the Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 in Wales. Irish
Languages of the United Kingdom
Languages_of_the_United_Kingdom
Welsh tale
earliest extant works of Welsh prose, although its date of composition remains debated. Culhwch and Olwen influenced later Welsh literature and has been adapted
Culhwch_and_Olwen
Welsh legendary hound
hunters by tracking or chasing the animal that is being hunted, however in Welsh mythology Dormarch's master is Gwynn ap Nudd although formerly owned by
Dormarch
Type of poetry
British literature Welsh-language literature List of Welsh-language authors Welsh literature in English Loesch, Katherine T. (1983). "Welsh bardic poetry
Welsh_poetry
One of the Three Welsh Romances
Peredur son of Efrawg is one of the Three Welsh Romances associated with the Mabinogion. It tells a story roughly analogous to Chrétien de Troyes' unfinished
Peredur_son_of_Efrawg
Development of Welsh language to present day
the Welsh language (Welsh: hanes yr iaith Gymraeg) spans over 1400 years, encompassing the stages of the language known as Primitive Welsh, Old Welsh, Middle
History_of_the_Welsh_language
Welsh manuscript
copied in the late fifteenth century, is probably the only illustrated Welsh-language medieval narrative. It is part of the Peniarth Manuscripts collection
History of the Kings (Peniarth 23C)
History_of_the_Kings_(Peniarth_23C)
14th century Welsh manuscript
companion to the literature of Wales. Cardiff : University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-1383-3. Parry, Thomas (1955), A history of Welsh literature. Translated
White_Book_of_Rhydderch
Ceremony in an eisteddfod
The Crowning of the Bard (Welsh: Coroni'r Bardd) is one of the most important events at the National Eisteddfod of Wales. The ceremony takes place at
Crowning_of_the_Bard
revealed he was disqualified because he was a member of the Eisteddfod's Literature Panel. The Chair was awarded instead to a "reluctant" Alan Llwyd. "The
List of winners of the Chair at the National Eisteddfod of Wales
List_of_winners_of_the_Chair_at_the_National_Eisteddfod_of_Wales
19th- and 20th-century movements
culture. Artists and writers drew on the traditions of Gaelic literature, Welsh-language literature, and Celtic art—what historians call insular art (the Early
Celtic_Revival
Traditional Welsh short poem form
Englyn (pronounced [ˈɛŋ.lɪn]; plural englynion) is a traditional Welsh short poem form, consisting of a stanza of either three or four lines. The metre
Englyn
Dialect of Welsh in Argentina
Patagonian Welsh (Welsh: Cymraeg y Wladfa) is a variety of the Welsh language spoken in the Patagonia region's Y Wladfa, Welsh settlements located in
Patagonian_Welsh
The "Druid's Prayer" (Welsh: Gweddi'r Derwydd) or "Gorsedd Prayer" (Gweddi'r Orsedd) is a prayer composed by Iolo Morganwg which is still a staple in
Druid's_Prayer
10th-century Welsh prophetic poem
at the Celtic Literature Collective (in Welsh) "The Great Prophecy of Britain" at the CLC "Armes Prydain Bychan" at the CLC (in Welsh) "The Lesser Prophecy
Armes_Prydein
24 traditional metres used in Welsh-language poetry
The traditional Welsh poetic metres consist of 24 types of metre, called Y Pedwar Mesur ar Hugain in Welsh. They are all written in cynghanedd of varying
Traditional Welsh poetic metres
Traditional_Welsh_poetic_metres
Britain Welsh-language literature Welsh literature in English Proto-Celtic paganism Gwyndaf, Robin; Jones, Margaret D. (1989). Welsh folk tales (in Welsh).
Welsh_mythology
Manuscripts are a collection of 1,549 volumes of medieval Welsh documents, mainly texts of Welsh literature, collected by John Humphreys Davies, who lived at
Cwrtmawr_manuscripts
Metrical forms in traditional Welsh poetry
plural cywyddau) is one of the most important metrical forms in traditional Welsh poetry (cerdd dafod). There are a variety of forms of the cywydd, but the
Cywydd
Welsh writer and politician (1893–1985)
solitude and study", and possessed a very large library of Welsh literature, the only Welsh-language books that Saunders Lewis read while growing up were Bishop
Saunders_Lewis
Pseudonym used by poets/artists in Wales, Cornwall or Brittany
his poetic sobriquet at some point in the early history of Medieval Welsh literature. The final bard was given the patronymic name Gwion Bach ap Gwreang
Bardic_name
Lost medieval Welsh manuscript
(Welsh: Llyfr Gwyn Hergest, sometimes given as Llyfr Gwyn o Hergest) was an important Welsh manuscript compiled in c. 1450. It contained many Welsh poems
White_Book_of_Hergest
Middle Welsh prose tale
The Dream of Rhonabwy (Welsh: Breuddwyd Rhonabwy) is a Middle Welsh prose tale. Set during the reign of Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys (died 1160)
The_Dream_of_Rhonabwy
Grade II* listed building in Gwynedd. National Centre for Writing in Wales
creative writing and retreats. The courses are in both the English and Welsh languages, and cover many genres, forms and styles. The centre also holds regular
Tŷ_Newydd
Welsh manuscript of c. 1330
Peniarth 20 is an early Welsh manuscript written on parchment that is part of the Peniarth collection in the National Library of Wales. It is also known
Peniarth_20
Lane in Eifionydd, Gwynedd
It was celebrated by the poet R. Williams Parry (1884–1956) in his Welsh-language poem Eifionydd. Lôn Goed starts in the hamlet of Afon Wen, on the A497
Lôn_Goed
Written works of art
literature Ulster literature Welsh literature in English Welsh-language literature Croatian literature Cypriot literature Turkish Cypriot literature Czech
Outline_of_literature
14th-century Welsh nobleman, patron of Dafydd ap Gwilym
the eyes of the Poets of the Nobility (Beirdd yr Uchelwyr) and subsequent Welsh poets. The epithet Hael (Generous) is a deliberate echo of the 'Three Generous
Ifor_Hael
Welsh translation of a book by Walt Whitman
Dail Glaswellt is the Welsh language translation of Leaves of Grass, (1855) by Walt Whitman. It was translated by the academic and author M. Wyn Thomas
Dail_Glaswellt
Sound form within Welsh poetry
In Welsh-language poetry, cynghanedd (Welsh pronunciation: [kəŋˈhaneð], literally "concinnity" or "harmony") is the concept of sound-arrangement within
Cynghanedd
Ceremony in the Welsh eisteddfod tradition
Bard (Welsh: Cadeirio'r Bardd) is one of the most important events in the Welsh eisteddfod tradition. The word 'eisteddfod' comes from the Welsh word 'eistedd'
Chairing_of_the_Bard
Verse form commonly used in Welsh-language poetry
classical period of Welsh-language poetry, when many of the most famous poets were active. (See Welsh poetry and Welsh-language literature.) During this time
Toddaid
Welsh poetic form
In Welsh poetry, an awdl (pronounced [ˈau̯dl̩]) is a long poem in strict metre (i.e. cynghanedd). Originally, an awdl could be a relatively short poem
Awdl
Welsh legendary figure
Seithennin) sometimes known as Seithenyn of the feeble mind is a figure from Welsh legend, apparently contemporary with King Gwyddno Garanhir. He is mentioned
Seithenyn
The Book of Baglan (Llyfr Baglan in Welsh) is a collection of old Welsh manuscripts, containing much genealogical data, compiled by John Williams from
Book_of_Baglan
1956 play by Saunders Lewis
Siwan is a play written in the Welsh language by Saunders Lewis, first produced in 1956. The first English language translation of the play (sometimes
Siwan_(play)
Welsh poetry tradition
the Welsh tradition of creating verse or poetry to a strict metre in the Welsh language. The history of cerdd dafod can be traced to 6th-century Welsh poets
Cerdd_dafod
Literature from or relating to the Celtic nations
modern context literature in the English language by writers of Irish, Welsh, Cornish, Manx, Scottish or Breton extraction. Literature in Scots and Ulster
Celtic_literature
1957 novel by Islwyn Ffowc Elis
the history of Welsh-language literature in that it was the first major science fiction work for adults to be written in the Welsh language[citation needed]
Wythnos_yng_Nghymru_Fydd
Welsh poet (1897–1981)
(in Welsh). Cyhoeddiadau Barddas. ISBN 978-1-900-437-349. Stephens, Meic, ed. (1997). Cydymaith i Lenyddiaeth Cymru [Companion to the Literature of Wales]
B._T._Hopkins
Prince of the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged
poems across several Welsh sources representing the literature of Llywarch the Old Ford, Patrick K. "Llywarch, Ancestor of Welsh Princes." Speculum 45
Llywarch_Hen
Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Welsh Language Act 1967 (c. 66) (Welsh: Deddf yr Iaith Gymraeg 1967) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which gave some rights to
Welsh_Language_Act_1967
Literature from Britain not written in English
In addition to English, literature has been written in a wide variety of other languages in Britain, that is the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man and the
British literature in languages other than English
British_literature_in_languages_other_than_English
2008 single-volume encyclopedia
The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales, published in January 2008, is a single-volume-publication encyclopaedia about Wales. The Welsh-language edition
Encyclopaedia_of_Wales
Celtic language family branch
comprises the extant languages Breton, Cornish, and Welsh. The name Brythonic was derived by Welsh Celticist John Rhys from the Welsh word Brython, denoting
Brittonic_languages
1962 anthology of poetry in Welsh
The Oxford Book of Welsh Verse (1962), edited by Thomas Parry, is an anthology of Welsh-language poetry stretching from Aneirin in the 6th century to
The Oxford Book of Welsh Verse
The_Oxford_Book_of_Welsh_Verse
Ethnic group native to Wales
British citizens. In Wales, the Welsh language (Welsh: Cymraeg) is protected by law. Welsh remains the predominant language in many parts of Wales, particularly
Welsh_people
Welsh news presenter (born 1961)
was a Plaid Cymru and Welsh language activist, and an author and academic, who was research professor of Welsh-language Literature at University College
Huw_Edwards
Cultural interactions between the English and the Welsh
relationship between the English and the Welsh manifests through many shared cultural elements including language, sport, religion and food. The cultural
English–Welsh cultural relations
English–Welsh_cultural_relations
American academic and novelist (born 1965)
professional life in Wales. His academic field is Welsh-language literature and he writes in the Welsh language as well as in English; as a fiction writer,
Jerry_Hunter
Much of Welsh language poetry has, until quite recently, been composed in various forms of strict metre (canu caeth), latterly with the encouragement of
List of Welsh-language poets (6th century to c. 1600)
List_of_Welsh-language_poets_(6th_century_to_c._1600)
Punitive device formerly used in schools
speaking the language. It could be followed by an additional discipline, sometimes involving corporal punishment. There is evidence of the Welsh Not's use
Welsh_Not
Celtic language of the High Middle Ages
This form of Welsh developed directly from Old Welsh (Welsh: Hen Gymraeg). Middle Welsh is the language of a rich body of literature. Nearly all surviving
Middle_Welsh
Type of Welsh festival of literature, music and performance
the primary reasons for the continued survival of the Welsh language, Welsh literature, and Welsh culture after more than eight centuries of colonialism
Eisteddfod
Welsh politician (born 1988)
She has served as a Shadow Cabinet Minister for Education and the Welsh Language and as a member of the Senedd (MS) for Bangor Conwy Môn since May 2026
Helen_Jenner
Traditional Welsh poetic four-line or six-line stanza
Gwawdodyn (Welsh pronunciation: [gwau̯'doːdɨn]) is a metre of Welsh poetry which exists in two forms. The more common Gwawdodyn byr ("short gwawdodyn")
Gwawdodyn
Prophet of the Jubilee (Welsh: Prophwyd y Jubili), also called Star of the Saints (Welsh: Seren y Saint), was a Welsh-language monthly periodical of the
Prophet_of_the_Jubilee
Welsh-language edition of Wikipedia
The Welsh Wikipedia (Welsh: Wicipedia Cymraeg) is the Welsh-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in July 2003. On 23 June 2007, it reached
Welsh_Wikipedia
Addaf, The Story of Adam) is the most commonly accepted title of a medieval Welsh translation of the Latin text Historia Adam, a version of the popular "Legend
Ystorya_Adaf
Grade II* listed building in Gwynedd, Wales
Nannau (Welsh for 'the place of streams'') refers to both an ancient estate and its current Georgian mansion near the village of Llanfachreth, Gwynedd
Nannau_Hall
Welsh printing and publishing company
Y Lolfa (Welsh for The Lounge, Welsh pronunciation: [ə ˈlɔlva]) is a Welsh printing and publishing company based in Tal-y-bont, Ceredigion, in Mid-Wales
Y_Lolfa
Welsh poet and writer (1895–1966)
contributed to various journals, including Welsh Outlook, throughout his career. In 1940 he won the Literature Medal for his story, "Sgweier Hafila", at
Thomas_Hughes_Jones
Welsh author (1891–1985)
was one of the foremost Welsh-language authors of the 20th century. Styled Brenhines ein llên ('The Queen of our Literature'), she is known mainly for
Kate_Roberts_(author)
Folklore of the Welsh people
Welsh folklore also known as Llên Gwerin or Llên y Werin (Welsh for 'Folk Literature/Learning') is the collective term for the folklore of the Welsh people
Welsh_folklore
Western literature Medieval literature Renaissance literature Old English literature British literature Welsh literature in English Scottish literature Irish
List_of_European_literatures
Literature by people from formerly colonized countries
possibility of Anglo-Welsh literature due to the language's status as the official tongue of the British state, affirming that "the literature which people called
Postcolonial_literature
attempt at creating a complete record of published Welsh language literature. "Welsh Journals Welsh Journals - Browse". journals.library.wales. Retrieved
Pryse's Cambrian Book Register
Pryse's_Cambrian_Book_Register
and other media currently being produced in the Welsh language. S4C broadcasts exclusively in Welsh and has an annual budget of approximately £100 million
List_of_Welsh-language_media
traethodl is a Welsh verse form consisting of couplets in which seven-syllabled lines rhyme. It is first attested in medieval Welsh literature. With the addition
Traethodl
Annual Welsh literary award
a Welsh literary award given annually to the best Welsh and English language works in the fields of fiction and literary criticism by Welsh or Welsh interest
Wales_Book_of_the_Year
Legendary king of the Britons
King Arthur (Welsh: Brenin Arthur; Cornish: Arthur Gernow; Breton: Roue Arzhur; French: Roi Arthur) was a legendary king of Britain. He is a folk hero
King_Arthur
Country within the United Kingdom
renewed interest in Welsh literature, the revival of Eisteddfodau. There was a thriving economy, a renewed interest in Welsh language, and music, non-conformist
Wales
Welsh-language name for Wales
Welsh-language name for Wales, a country of the United Kingdom, on the island of Great Britain. It, and the Welsh word Cymry referring to the Welsh people
Cymru
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WELSH LANGUAGE-LITERATURE
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WELSH LANGUAGE-LITERATURE
WELSH LANGUAGE-LITERATURE
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WELSH LANGUAGE-LITERATURE
WELSH LANGUAGE-LITERATURE
WELSH LANGUAGE-LITERATURE
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