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Numerical label used to identify a network interface in an IP network
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label, such as 192.168.1.1 or 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334, that is assigned to a
IP_address
Way to traverse IP address spaces without routing
Network address translation (NAT) is a method of mapping an IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of
Network_address_translation
Network using private IP addresses
private network is a computer network that uses a private address space of IP addresses. These addresses are commonly used for local area networks (LANs) in
Private_network
Method for IP address allocation and routing
allocating IP addresses for IP routing. The Internet Engineering Task Force introduced CIDR in 1993 to replace the previous classful network addressing architecture
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
Classless_Inter-Domain_Routing
Below is a list of reserved Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. In the Internet addressing architecture, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and
List_of_reserved_IP_addresses
Fourth version of the Internet Protocol
Suite. It gives the Internet a global-scale logical addressing system which allows the routing of IP data packets from a source host to the next router
IPv4
Principal protocol used to assign IPv4 addresses on an IPv4 network
management protocol used on Internet Protocol (IP) networks for automatically assigning IP addresses and other communication parameters to devices connected
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol
Depletion of unallocated IPv4 addresses
successor protocol, IPv6. IPv4 and IPv6 coexist on the Internet. The IP address space is managed globally by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
IPv4_address_exhaustion
Access restrictions based on IP address
IP address blocking or IP banning is a configuration of a network service that blocks requests from hosts with certain IP addresses. It is commonly used
IP_address_blocking
Creating IP packets using a false IP address
computer networking, IP address spoofing or IP spoofing is the creation of Internet Protocol (IP) packets with a false source IP address, for the purpose
IP_address_spoofing
Version 6 of the Internet Protocol
Standard on 14 July 2017. Devices on the Internet are assigned a unique IP address for identification and location definition. With the rapid growth of the
IPv6
Network address usable for communication within a subnet
Link-local addresses are typically assigned automatically through a process known as link-local address autoconfiguration, also known as auto-IP, automatic
Link-local_address
Logical subdivision of an IP network
IP network. The practice of dividing a network into two or more networks is called subnetting. Computers that belong to the same subnet are addressed
Subnet
Determining the physical location of internet user
localizing a device connected to the internet. For example, the device's IP address can be used to determine the country, city, or ZIP code, determining its
Internet_geolocation
Identification string in the Internet
application-specific naming and addressing purposes. In general, a domain name identifies a network domain or an Internet Protocol (IP) resource, such as a personal
Domain_name
Method of computer network management
IP address management (IPAM) is a methodology implemented in computer software for planning and managing the assignment and use of IP addresses and closely
IP_address_management
Early system for organizing the IPv4 address space
method divides the IP address space for Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) into five address classes based on the leading four address bits. Classes A,
Classful_network
Label to identify a network interface of a computer or other network node
network using IPv6. IP addresses are included in the packet header to indicate the source and the destination of each packet. The IP address of the destination
IPv6_address
Computer system that receives and forwards requests
originating IP address of the client. Although discovered easily as a proxy server, it can be beneficial for some users as it hides the originating IP address. Forwarding
Proxy_server
Means of addressing all devices on a network with a single transmission
and a unicast address is used to address a single device. For network layer communications, a broadcast address may be a specific IP address. At the data
Broadcast_address
IP address that does not correspond to a single physical network interface
A virtual IP address (VIP address or VIPA) is an IP address that does not correspond to a single physical network interface. Uses for VIPs include network
Virtual_IP_address
Communication protocol that allows connections between networks
establishes the Internet. IP has the task of delivering packets from the source host to the destination host solely based on the IP addresses in the packet headers
Internet_Protocol
Standards organization overseeing IP addresses
Numbers Authority (IANA) is a standards organization that oversees global IP address allocation, autonomous system number allocation, root zone management
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority
Associates addresses in the layers of a networked device implementation
MAC address associated with an IP address. The host broadcasts a request containing the target node's IP address, and the node with that IP address replies
Address_Resolution_Protocol
Website content based on a visitor's location
includes country, region/state, city, metro code/zip code, organization, IP address, ISP, or other criteria. A common usage of geotargeting is found in online
Geotargeting
Finding a domain name associated to an IP address
an IP address – the reverse of the usual "forward" DNS lookup of an IP address from a domain name. The process of reverse resolving of an IP address uses
Reverse_DNS_lookup
16,777,216 addresses, which covers the whole range of the last three delimited segments of an IP address. This means that 256 /8 address blocks fit into
List of assigned /8 IPv4 address blocks
List_of_assigned_/8_IPv4_address_blocks
Free DNS service maintained by Cloudflare in partnership with APNIC
Tor clients via an onion address. Users can set up the service by manually changing their DNS resolvers to the IP addresses below. Cloudflare also offers
1.1.1.1
IPv4 address for multiple purposes
Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) address 0.0.0.0 has multiple uses. The IP address 0.0.0.0 is used as a source address when the host is still in the process
0.0.0.0
Software-based endpoint of network communications
externally identified to other hosts by its socket address, which is the 3-tuple of transport protocol, IP address, and port number. The term socket is also used
Network_socket
Internet protocol used for error messages in network operations
information indicating success or failure when communicating with another IP address. For example, an error is indicated when a requested service is not available
Internet Control Message Protocol
Internet_Control_Message_Protocol
Internet protocol
IP in IP is an IP tunneling protocol that encapsulates one IP packet in another IP packet. To encapsulate an IP packet in another IP packet, an outer header
IP_in_IP
Framework for communication protocols used in IP networking
The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer
Internet_protocol_suite
Organization responsible for managing network numbering
resources within a region of the world. Internet number resources include IP addresses and autonomous system (AS) numbers. The regional Internet registry system
Regional_Internet_registry
System to identify resources on a network
prominently, it translates readily memorized domain names to the numerical IP addresses needed for locating and identifying computer services and devices with
Domain_Name_System
Expert in Internet routing disruptions
size of Comcast. The addresses belonged to the US Department of Defense, so this initially appeared to be the largest IP address hijacking in history
Doug_Madory
Hosting of multiple domain names on one server
hosting, name-based and IP-based. Name-based virtual hosting uses the host name presented by the client. This saves IP addresses and the associated administrative
Virtual_hosting
Supplemental data in an IP packet
across an IP network. IP packets consist of a header for addressing and routing and a payload for user data. The header contains information about IP version
IP_header
Standard hostname for a networked device's loopback interface
distinguished from any other packets traversing the TCP/IP stack only by the special IP address they were addressed to. Thus, the services that ultimately receive
Localhost
Cloud computing platform
available. Amazon added three new features on March 27, 2008: static IP addresses, availability zones, and user-selectable kernels. On August 20, 2008
Amazon_Elastic_Compute_Cloud
Identifier for a node or network interface in a telecommunications network
(such as an IP address). Examples of network addresses include: Telephone number, in the public switched telephone network IP address in IP networks including
Network_address
Network addressing and routing methodology
Anycast is a network addressing and routing methodology in which a single IP address is shared by devices (generally servers) in multiple locations. Routers
Anycast
server hosted in North Korea. It is accessible globally on a North Korean IP address, marking the country's first known direct connection to the Internet.
Internet_in_North_Korea
Experimental web platform
2011 that allowed users to enter an IP address and view a list of torrent files recently downloaded from that address. The site quickly gained international
YouHaveDownloaded
Network protocol
link. IPCP is responsible for configuring the IP addresses as well as for enabling and disabling the IP protocol modules on both ends of the point-to-point
Internet Protocol Control Protocol
Internet_Protocol_Control_Protocol
Computer networking protocol
Address Redundancy Protocol or CARP is a computer networking protocol which allows multiple hosts on the same local area network to share a set of IP
Common Address Redundancy Protocol
Common_Address_Redundancy_Protocol
Type of computer attack
the attacker replies with a new IP address. For instance, they could reply with an internal IP address or the IP address of a target somewhere else on the
DNS_rebinding
Methods of delivering voice communications and multimedia over IP networks
Protocol (VoIP), also known as IP telephony, is a set of technologies used primarily for voice communication sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks
Voice_over_IP
Data item stored in a browser by a website
users may be tracked based on the IP address of the computer requesting the page. The server knows the IP address of the computer running the browser
HTTP_cookie
Set of addresses in the IP address allocation hierarchy
of the Internet addressing structure, an address pool is a set of Internet Protocol addresses available at any level in the IP address allocation hierarchy
Address_pool
Communications endpoint in an operating system
associated with the combination of a transport protocol and the network IP address. Port numbers are 16-bit unsigned integers. The most common transport
Port_(computer_networking)
Restriction on accessing an online resource
Another form of content blocking is IP address blocking, where servers IP address, or entire blocks of IP addresses are blocked for multiple reasons. Some
DNS_blocking
Global system of connected computer networks
two principal name spaces on the Internet, the Internet Protocol address (IP address) space and the Domain Name System (DNS), are directed by a maintainer
Internet
Identifier of the destination where email messages are delivered
address, such as jane.smith@example.com, is made up of a local-part, the symbol @, and a domain, which may be either a domain name or an IP address enclosed
Email_address
Computer network protocol
registered users or assignees. These resources include domain names, IP address blocks and autonomous systems, but it is also used for a wider range of
WHOIS
Method for determining the origin of a packet on the Internet
authentication of the source IP address of an IP packet, enabling the source address to be falsified in a strategy called IP address spoofing, and creating
IP_traceback
Free and open-source anonymity network based on onion routing
editing when using Tor or when using an IP address also used by a Tor exit node, and the BBC blocks the IP addresses of all known Tor exit nodes from its
Tor_(network)
Associating more than one IP address
IP aliasing is associating more than one IP address to a network interface. With this, one node on a network can have multiple connections to a network
IP_aliasing
"List of countries by IPv4 address allocation". nossl.sh. Retrieved 2026-01-11. Maez, Dave (11 December 2024). "IP Address Allocation by Country". impliedchaos
List of countries by IPv4 address allocation
List_of_countries_by_IPv4_address_allocation
Internet top-level domain
Internet Protocol is identified by a numerical IP address for identification and location addressing. Each host is also assigned a more memorable hostname
.arpa
Internet Engineering Task Force standard communications protocol
maintaining a permanent IP address. Mobile IP for IPv4 is described in RFC 5944, and extensions are defined in RFC 4721. Mobile IPv6, the IP mobility implementation
Mobile_IP
2021 mobile operating system
trackers from reading the user real IP address. In the Mail app, the user can enable the setting to hide their IP address when downloading external content
IOS_15
TLS extension to serve multiple HTTPS sites
certificates on the same IP address and port number, allowing for multiple services (including HTTPS websites) to be served by the same IP address without using
Server_Name_Indication
Secure network protocol suite
32 bits Arbitrary value which is used (together with the destination IP address) to identify the security association of the receiving party. Sequence
IPsec
HTTP header field
HTTP header field is a common method for identifying the originating IP address of a client connecting to a web server through an HTTP proxy or load balancer
X-Forwarded-For
Configuration file for computer networking
not respond. The myIpAddress function has often been reported to give incorrect or unusable results, e.g. 127.0.0.1, the IP address of the localhost. It
Proxy_auto-config
Criteria to control computer access
mechanism that allows through all elements (email addresses, users, passwords, URLs, IP addresses, domain names, file hashes, etc.), except those explicitly
Blacklist_(computing)
Sending datagrams to multiple receivers
applications. It uses specially reserved multicast address blocks in IPv4 and IPv6. Protocols associated with IP multicast include Internet Group Management
IP_multicast
Load-balancing software
(Directors IP address): the IP address used by the director to connect to network of real IP addresses CIP (Client IP address): the IP address assigned
Linux_Virtual_Server
Regional Internet registry for Africa
Ocean, responsible for allocating and registering Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and autonomous system numbers (ASNs) in its service region. It also
AFRINIC
Network protocol
unmasked bits of the IP address.) As the node address is usually identical to the MAC address of the network adapter, the Address Resolution Protocol is
Internetwork_Packet_Exchange
Virtual private network application
client side the normal private IP address blocks 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16 are not used. The IP address assigned to the Hamachi client
LogMeIn_Hamachi
Discarding network packets with bogus addressing
computer network claiming to originate from invalid or bogus IP addresses, known as bogon addresses. The term bogon stems from hacker jargon, with the earliest
Bogon_filtering
Fax sent over the Internet
transmission standard for IP fax. Also, IP fax does not require a dedicated server or make use of the office mail server. IP Address Relay forwards to a multi-functional
Internet_fax
Technologies for automatic network connection configuration
method is called link-local address autoconfiguration. However, Microsoft refers to this as Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) or Internet Protocol
Zero-configuration_networking
Unique identifier assigned to network interfaces
Protocol (IP) networks, the MAC address of an interface corresponding to an IP address may be queried with the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) for IPv4
MAC_address
Update method for DNS name servers
These clients provide a persistent addressing method for devices that change their location, configuration or IP address frequently. In the initial stages
Dynamic_DNS
Attack on Internet routing infrastructure
as prefix hijacking, route hijacking or IP hijacking) is the illegitimate takeover of groups of IP addresses by corrupting Internet routing tables maintained
BGP_hijacking
Collection of information regarding user usage by websites
unique IP address, which is needed to enable devices to communicate with each other. With appropriate software on the host website, the IP address of visitors
Web_tracking
Study of behaviour of mobile website users
associate different IP addresses with "unique visits" may fail to actually identify unique visitors. This is due to IP addresses from each mobile device
Mobile_web_analytics
Topics referred to by the same term
across a network IP address, a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network IP, Ip, or ip may also refer to: IP College (Indraprastha
IP
Node in a computer network
other networks when no other route specification matches the destination IP address of a packet. A gateway is a network node that serves as an access point
Default_gateway
Load-balancing technique in the Internet's Domain Name System (DNS)
IP address, but with a list of potential IP addresses corresponding to several servers that host identical services. The order in which IP addresses from
Round-robin_DNS
Company that provides location data for IP addresses
Massachusetts-based data company that provides location data for IP addresses and other data for IP addresses, and fraud detection data. MaxMind was founded in 2002
MaxMind
Obsolete computer networking protocol
serving only IP addresses. Reverse ARP differs from the Inverse Address Resolution Protocol (InARP), which is designed to obtain the IP address associated
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
Reverse_Address_Resolution_Protocol
Regional Internet Registry representing Europe, the former USSR and West Asia
resources (IP addresses and autonomous system numbers) The allocation of IP addresses is important for several reasons. Public addresses need to be unique;
RIPE_NCC
Method of extracting data from websites
Blocking an IP address either manually or based on criteria such as geolocation and DNSRBL. This will also block all browsing from that address and is ineffective
Web_scraping
Internet protocol that uses a proxy server
Practically, a SOCKS server proxies TCP connections to an arbitrary IP address and provides a means for UDP packets to be forwarded. The SOCKS protocol
SOCKS
Type of cyber-attack
substantial amount of invalid data, to submitting requests with an illegitimate IP address. In a distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack /ˈdiː.dɒs/ DEE-doss)
Denial-of-service_attack
Type of network address translation
banning traffic based on IP addresses, a system might block the traffic of a spamming user by banning the user's IP address. If that user happens to be
Carrier-grade_NAT
Internet Protocol encapsulation for serial ports and router connections
its IP address configuration to be set before it is established. On microcontrollers, however, SLIP is still the preferred way of encapsulating IP packets
Serial_Line_Internet_Protocol
De facto technical standard for email
X-Originating-IP is a de facto standard email header field for identifying the originating IP address of a client connecting to a mail service's HTTP
X-Originating-IP
Leading case
to the originating IP Address, which allowed Bidder's Edge to evade eBay's attempts to block queries from the originating IP address. eBay sued Bidder's
EBay_v._Bidder's_Edge
Type of IP address
"IANA IPv6 Special-Purpose Address Registry". www.iana.org. R. Hinden; S. Deering (December 1995). IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture. Network Working
Unique_local_address
Type of resource record in the Domain Name System (DNS)
example.com, which in turn has an A record which points to the IP address. Then, if the IP address ever changes, one only has to record the change in one place
CNAME_record
Dutch cybersecurity company
through. In June 2023, Surfshark launched Dedicated IP, which gives a user a unique and static IP address when connected to a VPN. Later that year, Surfshark
Surfshark_B.V.
Inter-router protocol that automatically assigns routers to hosts
default gateway of an IP subnet by grouping multiple physical routers into a single virtual router that shares a common virtual IP address. The protocol is
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
Virtual_Router_Redundancy_Protocol
Type of cyberattack
(spoofed) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) messages onto a local area network. Generally, the aim is to associate the attacker's MAC address with the IP address
ARP_spoofing
Principal protocol used to stream data across an IP network
header, the payload and an IP pseudo-header. The pseudo-header consists of the source IP address, the destination IP address, the protocol number for the
Transmission_Control_Protocol
Type of proxy server
biggest websites on the Internet. A reverse proxy is capable of tracking IP addresses of requests that are relayed through it as well as reading and/or modifying
Reverse_proxy
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance