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Class of enzymes
Retroviral integrase (IN) is an enzyme produced by a retrovirus (such as HIV) that integrates (forms covalent links between) its genetic information into
Integrase
Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of integrase
Integrase inhibitors (INIs) are a class of antiretroviral drug designed to block the action of integrase, a viral enzyme that inserts the viral genome
Integrase_inhibitor
version of its genome into the host cell DNA is called its "integrase". HIV-1 integrase catalyzes the “cut-and-paste” action of clipping the host DNA
HIV_integration
to NNRTIs. Integrase inhibitors (also known as integrase nuclear strand transfer inhibitors or INSTIs) inhibit the viral enzyme integrase, which is responsible
Management_of_HIV/AIDS
make development difficult. Integrase is a viral enzyme that integrates retroviral DNA into the host cell genome. Integrase strand transfer inhibitors
Discovery and development of integrase inhibitors
Discovery_and_development_of_integrase_inhibitors
Topics referred to by the same term
(insufflation), a method of administrating some medications and vaccines Integrase, a retroviral enzyme the "is an element of" operator ∈, denoting that
In
Genetic recombination enzyme
specific recombination events. The enzyme (38 kDa) is a member of the integrase family of site specific recombinase and it is known to catalyse the site
Cre_recombinase
Family of viruses
(backward). The new DNA is then incorporated into the host cell genome by an integrase enzyme, at which point the retroviral DNA is referred to as a provirus
Retrovirus
Chemical compound
breastfeeding is safe. Dolutegravir is an HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor which blocks the functioning of HIV integrase which is needed for viral replication
Dolutegravir
Spectrum of conditions caused by HIV infection
cell nucleus and integrated into the cellular DNA by a virally encoded integrase and host co-factors. Once integrated, the virus may become latent, allowing
HIV/AIDS
Chemical compound
Bictegravir (INN; BIC) is a second-generation integrase inhibitor (INSTI) class that was structurally derived from an earlier compound dolutegravir by
Bictegravir
Medication used to treat a viral infection
viral RNA. Another target is integrase, which integrate the synthesized DNA into the host cell genome. Examples of integrase inhibitors include raltegravir
Antiviral_drug
Fixed dose combination HIV drug
It contains bictegravir, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase strand transfer inhibitor; emtricitabine, an HIV-1 nucleoside analog reverse
Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide
Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir_alafenamide
Biochemist
discovering the first HIV Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (InSTIs) and leading the development of the first HIV integrase inhibitor to gain FDA approval
Daria_Hazuda
Gene editing method
foot ulcers, thus reducing death danger. Combination of CRISPR-Cas9 with integrases enabled a technique for large edits without problematic double-stranded
CRISPR_gene_editing
DNA strand exchange
usually identical, but there are exceptions (e.g. attP and attB of λ integrase). Based on amino acid sequence homologies and mechanistic relatedness
Site-specific_recombination
Large biological molecule that acts as a catalyst
Viruses can also contain enzymes for infecting cells, such as the HIV integrase and reverse transcriptase, or for viral release from cells, like the influenza
Enzyme
the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene. RT together with protease (PR) and integrase (IN) are translated as the Gag polyprotein. UTR = Untranslated region;
Retroviral_ribonuclease_H
Feature of bacterial genomes
integron platform by site-specific recombination reactions mediated by the integrase. Integrons were initially discovered on conjugative plasmids through their
Integron
Social insects related to cockroaches
"Whole-Genome Sequence of the Novel Enterobacter Bacteriophage Arya with an Integrase Pseudogene, Isolated from the Gut of the Formosan Subterranean Termite"
Termite
Combination drug
treatment of HIV/AIDS. each pill contains 50 mg dolutegravir, as the salt, an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), and 300 mg lamivudine, a nucleoside
Dolutegravir/lamivudine
Genus of viruses
early stages of genome replication, and include reverse transcriptase and integrase. Reverse transcriptase uses the viral RNA genome as a template for the
Lentivirus
Suite of automated protein docking tools
played a role in the development of the first clinically approved HIV-1 integrase inhibitor by Merck & Co. AutoDock consists of two main programs: AutoDock
AutoDock
Co-packaged antiretroviral medication
resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and integrase strand transfer inhibitors. Cabotegravir/rilpivirine must not be combined
Cabotegravir/rilpivirine
their name from two key proteins, a DNA polymerase and a retroviral-like integrase. A typical polinton is around 15–20 kilobase pairs in size, though examples
Polinton
Pharmaceutical drug classification
ATC code J05 Antivirals for systemic use is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric
ATC_code_J05
Docosanol Herpes Simplex Entry inhibitor 2000 (FDA) Dolutegravir HIV Integrase inhibitor Doravirine (Pifeltro) HIV Merck & Co NNRTI 2018 (FDA) Edoxudine
List_of_antiviral_drugs
Pharmaceutical company
longer available) Attachment inhibitors fostemsavir (brand name Rukobia) Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs): dolutegravir (brand name Tivicay)
ViiV_Healthcare
Human retrovirus, cause of AIDS
nucleus and integrated into the cellular DNA by a virally encoded enzyme, integrase, and host co-factors. Once integrated, the virus may become latent, allowing
HIV
Chemical compound
breastfeeding is safe. Raltegravir is an HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor which blocks the functioning of HIV integrase which is needed for viral replication
Raltegravir
Global network of association football clubs
Witness, 21 August 2017 Academica integrase no Club of Pioneers Académica-oaf.pt, 4 November 2017 Academica integrase no Club of Pioneers DSport.pt, 6
Club_of_Pioneers
Chemical compound
metabolize other medications used to treat HIV, notably elvitegravir, an HIV integrase inhibitor. By combining cobicistat with elvitegravir, higher concentrations
Cobicistat
Medication for HIV/AIDS
combination with rilpivirine under the brand name Cabenuva. It is an integrase inhibitor with a carbamoyl pyridone structure similar to that of dolutegravir
Cabotegravir
Chemical compound
non-catalytic site integrase inhibitor (NCINI). It inhibits HIV replication via binding to a conserved allosteric pocket of the HIV integrase enzyme. This makes
BI_224436
Combination medication for HIV
of action: abacavir (reverse transcriptase inhibitor), dolutegravir (integrase inhibitor) and lamivudine (nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
Abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine
Abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine
RNA family
established, but they are predicted to generally fit into a recombinase or integrase role. Given this genetic arrangement, it is likely that xerDC RNAs function
XerDC_RNA_motif
Genome engineering tools
and architecture. The founding member of the YR family is the lambda integrase, encoded by bacteriophage λ, enabling the integration of phage DNA into
Site-specific recombinase technology
Site-specific_recombinase_technology
Chemical compound
with acetic anhydride. A one-pot synthesis of an intermediate to the HIV integrase inhibitor S-1360 was based on the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of 2-acetylfuran
2-Acetylfuran
Genus of viruses
Maverick/Polinton family of transposons. The genome encodes a retroviral integrase, an adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), a cysteine protease and a protein
Mavirus
Family of viruses
genes that encode reverse transcriptase, integrase, and capsid proteins. The reverse transcriptase and integrase proteins are needed for the retrotransposon
Metaviridae
Realm of viruses
their genome into the DNA of their host by means of the retroviral enzyme integrase. This endogenization is part of their replication cycle, as mRNA is produced
Riboviria
Variants of the human immunodeficiency virus
poorly understood. Protease inhibitors have shown variable effect, while integrase inhibitors are also being evaluated. Combination regimens of the above
Subtypes_of_HIV
Type of genetic component
of the TE to be brought to the cleavage site of the retrotransposon's integrase, where it is reverse transcribed. In contrast, LTR retrotransposons undergo
Retrotransposon
Family of DNA sequences found in prokaryotic organisms
similar and all purified Cas1 proteins are metal-dependent nucleases/integrases that bind to DNA in a sequence-independent manner. Representative Cas2
CRISPR
American multinational pharmaceutical company
(raltegravir) ($0.4 billion in 2024 revenues) is a human immunodeficiency virus integrase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV infection. It is the first anti-HIV
Merck_&_Co.
American biotechnology company
Colossal's lab pairs CRISPR/Cas9 with other DNA-editing enzymes, such as integrases, recombinases, and deaminases, to splice woolly mammoth genes into the
Colossal_Biosciences
Chemical compound
from damage due to free radicals, and to inhibit the function of HIV-1 integrase. Caftaric acid (monocaffeyltartaric acid) John Shi; Giuseppe Mazza; Marc
Chicoric_acid
Formulary by the World Health Organization
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (a.k.a. Essential Medicines List or EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines
DNA sequence
flanked by a pair of LTRs will encode a reverse transcriptase and an integrase, allowing the element to be copied and inserted at a different location
Long_terminal_repeat
Realm of viruses
in all archaea and some bacteria. Singelavirians also commonly encode integrase, such as halicoviruses and nanicoviruses. Sphaerolipoviruses are lytic
Singelaviria
Inositol Insulin Insulin-like growth factor Integral membrane protein Integrase Integrin Intein Interferon Interleukin Inulin Ionomycin Ionone Iron–sulfur
List_of_biomolecules
RNA family
arrangement of DUF1874 motif examples and genes is typical of integrons, no integrase gene was detected in the metagenomic contigs that contain DUF1874 motif
DUF1874_RNA_motif
Family of chiral diphosphine ligands used for asymmetric catalysis
Hydrogenation of exocyclic methyl imine This key step to synthesize a HIV integrase inhibitor, Crixivan, is one of the few known homogeneous heteroarene hydrogenation
Josiphos_ligands
Process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
(cDNA). The cDNA is integrated into the host cell's genome by the enzyme integrase, which causes the host cell to generate viral proteins that reassemble
Transcription_(biology)
Virus classification system made by David Baltimore
with a DNA strand to create a dsDNA copy of the genome. The viral enzyme integrase then integrates the dsDNA molecule into the DNA of the host cell, where
Baltimore_classification
Chemical compound
Elvitegravir (EVG) is an integrase inhibitor used to treat HIV infection. It was developed by the pharmaceutical company Gilead Sciences, which licensed
Elvitegravir
Professor of chemistry
structure-activity probes to elucidate enzymatic activity. Targets include HIV-1 integrase, the c-Kit and src-abl proteins, and the metalloproteinases associated
Eamonn_Healy
British biochemist (born 1966)
inactivating proteins luffin and saporin are potent inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase". FEBS Letters. 471 (2–3): 169–72. Bibcode:2000FEBSL.471..169A. doi:10
Richard_A._Collins
pertaining to inhibitors of HIV protease (In Silico Biology, 8–033, 2008), HIV integrase (Archives of Virology 2014) and N. meningitides vaccine constructs (Indian
Kavita_Shah_(scientist)
this likely occurs by means of an interaction between the C-terminus of integrase and a target protein. The tight targeting patterns seen for the Ty elements
Ty5_retrotransposon
Topics referred to by the same term
recombinase technology, performed by a specific class of recombinase enzymes ("integrases") Economic integration, trade unification between different states Horizontal
Integration
All genetic material of an organism
gag (structural proteins of the virus), pol (reverse transcriptase and integrase), pro (protease), and in some cases env (envelope) genes. These genes
Genome
Combination drug for HIV
Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir Combination of Dolutegravir Integrase strand transfer inhibitor Lamivudine Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir
Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir
Invention of new medications based on knowledge of a biological target
inhibitor Nonbenzodiazepines like zolpidem and zopiclone Raltegravir, an HIV integrase inhibitor SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), a class of
Drug_design
American scientist (born 1958)
vaccine for prevention of cervical cancer), Isentress (the first HIV integrase inhibitor), Zostavax (the first vaccine for the prevention of shingles
Peter_S._Kim
Chemical reaction
Lui-Zai Gang et al. studied the use of quinoline derivatives as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors.[8] Conrad M.; Limpach L. (1887). "synthesen von Chinolinderivaten
Conrad–Limpach_synthesis
relevant MDR bacterial strains co-occurrence of ESBL genes and integron-integrase genes". Journal of Environmental Management. 351. Bibcode:2024JEnvM.35119938S
Bharwara Sewage Treatment Plant
Bharwara_Sewage_Treatment_Plant
Combination drug for HIV
Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir Combination of Elvitegravir Integrase inhibitor Cobicistat Cytochrome P450 inhibitor Emtricitabine Reverse-transcriptase
Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir
Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir
Bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli
PMC 1203628. PMID 2523838. Groth AC, Calos MP (January 2004). "Phage integrases: biology and applications". Journal of Molecular Biology. 335 (3): 667–678
Lambda_phage
Group of methods in synthetic biology
using other integrases have also been developed. For example, the Serine Integrase Recombinational Assembly (SIRA) method uses the ΦC31 integrase, while the
Artificial_gene_synthesis
American chemist
2024-08-28. Chmielewski, Jean. "Dimerization Inhibitors of HIV-1 Protease and Integrase". grantome.com. "Professor Chmielewski named Interim Dean - Purdue University
Jean_Chmielewski
Antiviral drug
properties. DCM205, is a small molecule based on L-chicoric acid, an integrase inhibitor. DCM205 has been reported to inactivate HIV-1 particles directly
Entry_inhibitor
Regular measurement of the viral load of HIV-positive people
transcriptase to produce DNA from the viral RNA genome. HIV also produces an integrase enzyme which is used to integrate the newly produced viral DNA into the
Viral_load_monitoring_for_HIV
Subclass of viruses
After this DNA is integrated into the host genome using the viral enzyme integrase, expression of the encoded genes may lead to the formation of new virions
RNA_virus
RNA family
The Enterobactericaea, Frequently Around STAXI and Integrases (EFASI RNA motif) is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. EFASI
EFASI_RNA_motif
Chemical compound
isolated from an unknown fungus, that has been shown to inhibit the HIV-1 integrase enzyme. Integrasone occurs naturally in an unidentified sterile fungus
Integrasone
Protein family
target. Unlike the viral enzymes (protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase) that are currently targeted by small-molecule antiretroviral drugs, p24
P24_capsid_protein
Protein found in humans
PMID 10764772. Mulder LC, Muesing MA (Sep 2000). "Degradation of HIV-1 integrase by the N-end rule pathway". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (38):
PSMF1
Topics referred to by the same term
major shareholders of Luxembourg's flag carrier airline Luxair Boolean Integrase Logic, a transcriptor based biological equivalent of electronic logic
Bil
Components of human immunodeficiency virus
the (positive sense) ssRNA genome, the enzymes reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease, some minor proteins, and the major core protein. The genome
Structure_and_genome_of_HIV
Immune modulating medication
Farnesyltransferase 2.6 GABA transaminase 2.7 Nucleotidyltransferase Integrase Reverse transcriptase Protein kinase Tyrosine kinase Janus kinase Hydrolase
Janus_kinase_inhibitor
Method of gene modification
(NC/p7) proteins. The "pol" domain codes for the reverse transcriptase and integrase enzymes. Lastly, the "env" domain of the viral genome encodes for the
Lentiviral vector in gene therapy
Lentiviral_vector_in_gene_therapy
Japanese pharmaceutical company
and ViiV Healthcare announce new agreement to commercialise and develop integrase inhibitor portfolio". viivhealthcare.com. Archived from the original on
Shionogi
Political party
For Andalusia. «La CUT de Sánchez Gordillo decide dejar IULV-CA y no integrase en otro partido», El Confidencial, 12 de febrero de 2015. La mayoría de
United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia
United_Left/The_Greens–Assembly_for_Andalusia
Order of viruses
structure and include aspartic protease (retroviral aspartyl protease) and an integrase belonging to the DDE recombinase superfamily (see Recombination-activating
Ortervirales
Mobile genetic elements
encode integrases that are essential for controlling the excision, transfer and integration of an ICE. The representative example of ICE integrases is the
Integrative and conjugative element
Integrative_and_conjugative_element
Virus matrix protein
Vesiculovirus matrix proteins RT Structure and genome of HIV VSPs: gag p24 pol Integrase Reverse transcriptase HIV-1 protease env gp120 gp41 VRAPs: transactivators
VP40
Virus mutation
the allosteric site, the NNRTI will not be effective. Integrase inhibitors prevent the HIV integrase enzyme from incorporating its viral genome into the
Resistance mutation (virology)
Resistance_mutation_(virology)
Database of mobile genetic elements
Moya, A; Llorens, C (July 2011). "GyDB mobilomics: LTR retroelements and integrase-related transposons of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum genome". Mobile
Gypsy_(database)
the capacity to recombine, which is usually shown by the presence of an integrase. The GC-content and codon usage of pathogenicity islands often differs
Pathogenicity_island
Public university in Stony Brook, New York, US
theoretical physicist Daria Hazuda, 1989, biochemist; discovered the first HIV Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Carl Heastie, 1990, Speaker of the New York
Stony_Brook_University
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein may also bind to and enhance the DNA joining activity of HIV-1 integrase. This gene has been found to be a tumor suppressor and mutations in it
SMARCB1
Protein found in humans
S2CID 25235070. Mulder LC, Muesing MA (2000). "Degradation of HIV-1 integrase by the N-end rule pathway". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (38): 29749–53. doi:10
PSME3
Species of virus
to elucidate the process of HIV integration, eventually leading to HIV integrase inhibitors such as raltegravir in 2008. Additionally, Montano et al. created
Bacteriophage_Mu
Parasitic disease
antiretroviral therapy (ART) to restore immune function, typically using an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)–based regimen rather than older protease-inhibitor
Cryptosporidiosis
Viral genome integrated into the DNA of a host cell
DNA by reverse transcriptase, then inserted into the host genome by an integrase. A provirus does not directly make new DNA copies of itself while integrated
Provirus
Biochemical research competition
SAMPL4 consisted of binding affinities for host–guest systems and HIV integrase inhibitors, as well as hydration free energies of small molecules. Host
SAMPL_Challenge
Nucleoprotein complex
into DNA. The PIC consists of viral proteins (including Vpr, matrix and integrase), host proteins (including Barrier to autointegration factor 1) and the
Pre-integration_complex
Formulary
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (aka Essential Medicines List for Children or EMLc), published by the World Health Organization
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children
WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines_for_Children
Biological database
database of integrative islands in prokaryotic genomes, the associated integrases and their DNA site specificities". Nucleic Acids Research. 32 (90001):
MvirDB
INTEGRASE
INTEGRASE
INTEGRASE
INTEGRASE
Girl/Female
Celtic Irish
Strong.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam
Best; Beautiful; Excellent
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Characterisation
Girl/Female
Hindu
Name of a Raga
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Sight; View
Boy/Male
Tamil
Ashtavakra | à®…à®·à¯à®Ÿà®¾à®µà®•à¯à®°
One of the great sages
Girl/Female
Biblical
Belly, heaping up.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Hello; Good
Girl/Female
Tamil
Blessing, Eye of God, Resembling a Goddess, Blessing
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Wise; Intelligent
INTEGRASE
INTEGRASE
INTEGRASE
INTEGRASE
INTEGRASE