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Abnormal increase in muscle tone due to nerve damage
Hypertonia is a term sometimes used synonymously with spasticity and rigidity in the literature surrounding damage to the central nervous system, namely
Hypertonia
Abnormal stiffness of skeletal muscle
with a combination of paralysis, increased tendon reflex activity, and hypertonia. It is also colloquially referred to as an unusual "tightness", stiffness
Spasticity
Triathlon for disabled athletes
Athletes with mobility impairments such as muscle power, limb deficiency, hypertonia, ataxia or athetosis that render them incapable of safely running or pedalling
Para_triathlon
Continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles
can result in abnormally low (hypotonia) or high (hypertonia) muscle tone. Another form of hypertonia is paratonia, which is associated with dementia.
Muscle_tone
Major international sport event for people with disabilities
imperfecta) Hypertonia – Hypertonia is marked by an abnormal increase in muscle tension and reduced ability of a muscle to stretch. Hypertonia may result
Paralympic_Games
Genetic disorder causing an exaggerated startle response
response to tactile or acoustic stimuli and an ensuing period of hypertonia. The hypertonia may be predominantly truncal, attenuated during sleep, or less
Hyperekplexia
Dissociative anesthetic and anti-depressant
causes tonic-clonic movements (greater than 10% of people) and rarely hypertonia. Vomiting can be expected in 5–15% of the patients; pretreatment with
Ketamine
Rare genetic disorder
delay and intellectual disability Speech and language delay Hypotonia/hypertonia Behavioral differences(autism spectrum ADHD) Seizures Short stature Ocular
KDM5C-related neurodevelopmental disorder
KDM5C-related_neurodevelopmental_disorder
Involuntary contraction of a muscle, organ or orifice
2026-06-16. Sheean, Geoffrey; McGuire, John R. (September 2009). "Spastic hypertonia and movement disorders: pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and quantification"
Spasm
Central nervous system stimulant
symptoms involving of abnormal sleep patterns, poor feeding, tremors, and hypertonia. This withdrawal syndrome is relatively mild and only requires medical
Methamphetamine
Group of muscles
performed on children with cerebral palsy. These children often have hypertonia of the adductor muscles, making abduction difficult, obstructing normal
Adductor_muscles_of_the_hip
Obsolete sedative–hypnotic drug
lead to coma and death. Additional effects are delirium, convulsions, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, vomiting, kidney failure, and death through cardiac or
Methaqualone
Anticonvulsant medication
drug. Acute overdosage may be manifested by drowsiness, tachycardia, and hypertonia. Plasma, serum, or blood concentrations of pregabalin may be measured
Pregabalin
Genetic disorder
As people with WS age, they frequently develop joint limitations and hypertonia, or abnormally increased muscle tone. Hypertension, gastrointestinal problems
Williams_syndrome
Para-athletics classification
events. It includes people who have coordination impairments such as hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis. It is the athletics equivalent of the more general
T37_(classification)
Para-athletics classification
cerebral palsy. It includes people who have coordination impairments such as hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis. Runners in this class may appear to have a slight
T38_(classification)
Class of CNS depressant drugs
as late as 21 days for chlordiazepoxide. The symptoms include tremors, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, hyperactivity, and vomiting and may last for up to three
Benzodiazepine
Movement disorders that appear in early childhood
encephalopathy and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. DCP is characterized by both hypertonia and hypotonia, due to the affected individual's inability to control muscle
Cerebral_palsy
Antispasmodic and muscle relaxant drug
inhibits the vicious circle of myotonia by decreasing pain, ischaemia, and hypertonia in skeletal muscles, thus alleviating stiffness and spasticity, and facilitating
Eperisone
Typical antipsychotic medication
extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms following delivery, such as agitation, hypertonia, hypotonia, tremor, somnolence, respiratory distress, and feeding disorder
Haloperidol
Muscle relaxant medication
symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms include rebound hypertension, tachycardia, hypertonia, tremor, and anxiety. Symptoms of overdose with tizanidine have been reported
Tizanidine
Medical condition characterized by muscle weakness
ophthalmoplegia Spastic paresis – exaggerated tendon reflexes and muscle hypertonia In the past, the term was most commonly used to refer to "general paresis"
Paresis
Para-athletics classification
athletes. It includes athletes who have coordination impairments such as hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis. Events for these classes include 100 metres and
T71-72_(classification)
Para-athletics classification
athletics. It includes people who have coordination impairments such as hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis. It includes people with cerebral palsy. T36 is
T36_(classification)
Para-athletics classification
competitions. It includes people who have coordination impairments such as hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis. This includes people with cerebral palsy. The classification
T35_(classification)
SSRI antidepressant
untoward effects, such as agitation and tachycardia. However, dyskinesia, hypertonia, and clonus may occur in some cases. Severe side effects of escitalopram
Escitalopram
Benzodiazepine medication
Neonatal withdrawal syndrome associated with benzodiazepines include hypertonia, hyperreflexia, restlessness, irritability, abnormal sleep patterns, inconsolable
Clonazepam
Para-athletics classification
quadriplegia, and difficulty with forward trunk movement. They also may have hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis. This classification is for disability athletics
T33_(classification)
Medical condition
often presents with spastic paralysis – paralysis accompanied by severe hypertonia. Muscle paresis or paralysis Fibrillations Fasciculations – caused by
Lower_motor_neuron_lesion
Para-athletics classification
athletes with cerebral palsy who use a wheelchair. People in this class have hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis. This class includes people who have cerebral palsy
T34_(classification)
Tricyclic antidepressant
transaminases Increased Alkaline phosphatase Speech disorders Paraesthesia Muscle hypertonia Dysgeusia Memory impairment Muscular weakness Disturbance in attention
Clomipramine
Type of sport with events contested at the Paralympic Games
structures. Hypertonia - Hypertonia is marked by an abnormal increase in muscle tension and reduced ability of a muscle to stretch. Hypertonia may result
Paralympic_sports
Para-athletics classification
three classes of wheelchair racing for people with athetosis, ataxia or hypertonia. The number of events available to people in this class has decreased
T32_(classification)
Form of cerebral palsy affecting the lower body muscles
asymmetry between the two sides. It is a chronic neuromuscular condition of hypertonia and spasticity in the muscles of the lower extremities of the human body
Spastic_diplegia
Neurological examination via a reflex test
in hypertonia, the tips of other fingers flex and the thumb flexes and adducts. A positive Hoffmann's reflex and finger jerks suggest hypertonia, but
Hoffmann's_reflex
National association football team
rankings. The team consists of neurologically impaired athletes with ataxia, hypertonia or athetosis, playing a similar formatted game to Association Football
Australia men's national cerebral palsy soccer team
Australia_men's_national_cerebral_palsy_soccer_team
Sedating antihistamine
unconsciousness, and sudden death. Other reactions may include hyperreflexia, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis, and extensor-plantar reflexes. Atypically and/or rarely
Promethazine
Muscle relaxant medication
impairments, perceptual disturbances, itching, anxiety, depersonalization, hypertonia, hyperthermia (higher than normal temperature without infection), formal
Baclofen
Part of the vertebral column in animals
characteristic pattern of ipsilateral deficits. These include hyperreflexia, hypertonia and muscle weakness. Lower motor neuronal damage results in its own characteristic
Spinal_cord
Neurological movement disorder
dystonia was then fully recognized. Medicine portal Extrapyramidal symptoms Hypertonia Sydenham's chorea Ulegyria (brain condition with dystonia symptoms) "Dystonia"
Dystonia
Human disease affecting newborns
leukomalacia Musculoskeletal Gray baby syndrome muscle tone Congenital hypertonia Congenital hypotonia Infections Vertically transmitted infection Neonatal
Infant respiratory distress syndrome
Infant_respiratory_distress_syndrome
Innervated muscle structure involved in reflex actions and proprioception
neuromuscular diseases. After stroke or spinal cord injury in humans, spastic hypertonia (spastic paralysis) often develops, whereby the stretch reflex in flexor
Muscle_spindle
Type of cerebral palsy associated with basal ganglia damage
cerebral palsies, dyskinetic cerebral palsy is characterized by both hypertonia and hypotonia, due to the affected individual's inability to control muscle
Dyskinetic_cerebral_palsy
Paralympic football for cerebral palsy
competing in CP football have one of three impairment types; ataxia, hypertonia or athetosis. These impairments are of a cerebral nature and cause permanent
CP_football
pain, diarrhoea, gastrointestinal haemorrhage acutely followed by coma, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, ataxia, nystagmus, miosis, hallucinations and convulsions
Chlorophenoxy_herbicide
Disability sport classification system
such as, but not limited to, muscle power disorders, limb deficiencies, hypertonia, ataxia, or athetosis. Each class competes in its own event. The three
Para_triathlon_classification
Neurological disorder
afflicted with the condition display stiff, jerky movements stemming from hypertonia of the muscles. Spastic quadriplegia, while affecting all four limbs more
Spastic_quadriplegia
Drug for chronic pain
nausea, confusion, nystagmus, and headache. Others may include weakness, hypertonia, ataxia, abnormal vision, anorexia, somnolence, unsteadiness on feet,
Ziconotide
Medication used to treat Alzheimer's disease
hallucinations. Less common adverse effects include vomiting, anxiety, hypertonia, cystitis, and increased libido. Like many other NMDA receptor antagonists
Memantine
Group of men with unusual behavioral symptoms
autosomal dominant neurological disease. The symptoms begin in infancy with hypertonia, an abnormal muscle tension that decreases flexibility, and an exaggerated
Jumping_Frenchmen_of_Maine
Medical condition
the infant sometimes becomes irritable and has increased muscle tone (hypertonia). After several months of life, seizures and hydrocephalus may develop
Hydranencephaly
International multi-sport event for disabled athletes
muscle power, range of movement, limb deficiency, leg length difference, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis) and vision impairment. The International Paralympic
Winter_Paralympic_Games
Involuntary muscle spasm that interferes with vaginal penetration
relationally damaging for anyone managing this disorder. It is linked to hypertonia of the pelvic floor muscles (chronic activation or tightening) and is
Vaginismus
Rare, severe disease of lysosomal storage
"startle response". There may also be listlessness or muscle stiffness (hypertonia). The disease is classified into several forms, which are differentiated
Tay–Sachs_disease
Medical condition
serum. Moderate symptoms include confusion, an increased heart rate, and hypertonia occur at a level of 2.5 to 3.5 mEq/L. Severe symptoms include coma, seizures
Lithium_toxicity
State of low muscle tone
weakness Amyotonia congenita Floppy baby syndrome Infantile hypotonia Hypertonia "Hypotonia". MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Sarah Bager (2009). "Central
Hypotonia
Reflex seen in infants
opisthotonic infants. An abnormal Landau reflex may indicate hypotonia or hypertonia and may indicate a motor development issue. Mitchell, Ross G. (2008).
Landau_reflex
Family of serotonergic psychedelics
include agitation or aggression, seizure, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, hypertonia, rhabdomyolysis, and death. Researchers report that NBOMe intoxication
25-NB
Ciliopathic recessive genetic disorder
(nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) Ataxia/poor coordination/imbalance Mild hypertonia (especially lower limbs) Diabetes mellitus Hepatic involvement Anosmia
Bardet–Biedl_syndrome
Synthetic hallucinogen
include agitation or aggression, seizure, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, hypertonia, rhabdomyolysis, and death. Researchers report that NBOMe intoxication
25I-NBOMe
Group of genetic disorders
with the MOF variants. Ataxia, dystonia, tremors, myoclonus, dyskinesia, hypertonia, and hypotonia have all been identified across KCNA2 disorders. Ataxia
KCNA2-related_disorders
Neurodegenerative disorder
walking. Other possible neurological problems include spasmodic dysphonia, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, rigidity, dysarthria, dysphagia and neck dystonic posture
Multiple_system_atrophy
New Zealand para-swimmer (born 2001)
damage to the right side of her head. She suffered bruising on the brain, hypertonia and has a left-sided hemiplegia and as a result the left side of her brain
Tupou_Neiufi
Chemical compound
hyperactivity, nervousness, sleep disturbances, hallucinations, confusion, hypertonia, and dizziness. Toxic epidermal necrolysis has been reported. In the UK
Cefaclor
Medical condition
motor delays and intellectual disabilities, progressive microcephaly, hypertonia, spasticity, clonus and epilepsy. MRI findings include severe cerebellar
Infantile cerebral and cerebellar atrophy with postnatal progressive microcephaly
Infantile_cerebral_and_cerebellar_atrophy_with_postnatal_progressive_microcephaly
Family of sleep disorders involving sleep disruptions
does not produce any pain. There is no lesion or physical damage, but hypertonia of the pelvic floor could be one cause. It affects biologically male people
Parasomnia
held. The T35 is for athletes who have coordination impairments such as hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis. "Men's 100 metres T35 Results". International Paralympic
Athletics at the 2000 Summer Paralympics – Men's 100 metres T35
Athletics_at_the_2000_Summer_Paralympics_–_Men's_100_metres_T35
Medical condition
occur only in some types of Gaucher's (see below): Type II: Seizures, hypertonia, developmental delay, difficulty swallowing, apnea and other brainstem
Gaucher's_disease
epitasis, hemitonia, hemitonic, heptatonic, hexatonic, hyperisotonic, hypertonia, hypertonic, hypotenuse, hypotonia, hypotonic, isotonic, microtone, monotone
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P–Z
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/P–Z
Form of gait abnormality
motor neuron lesion. This gait pattern is reminiscent of a marionette. Hypertonia in the legs, hips and pelvis means these areas become flexed to various
Scissor_gait
International multi-sport event for disabled athletes
range of movement, limb deficiency, leg length difference, short stature, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis, vision impairment and intellectual impairment. Each
Summer_Paralympic_Games
Estonian musical group
night is hot') "Vehi mis sa vehid" ('wave all you want') "Hüpertoonia" ('hypertonia') "Must meel" ('black mind' ~ frustration) "Selle ilma mured" ('the worries
Click_OK
Rare genetic overgrowth disorder
such as speech delay, epilepsy, intellectual disability, hypotonia or hypertonia, and behavioral problems.[citation needed] The cause for Weaver syndrome
Weaver_syndrome
Paralympic track and field event
Athletes who have coordination impairments, like athetosis, ataxia, or hypertonia. Key: ID : Classifications for intellectual disability RG : Les Autres
2025 World Para Athletics Championships
2025_World_Para_Athletics_Championships
Drug for angina pectoris sold under many brand names
parkinsonian (or extrapyramidal) symptoms (such as tremor, rigidity, akinesia, hypertonia), gait instability, restless leg syndrome, and other related movement
Trimetazidine
Typical antipsychotic medication
injection site) Increased appetite Weight gain Myalgia Tremor Dystonia Hypertonia Dizziness Headache Paraesthesia Disturbance in attention Amnesia Abnormal
Zuclopenthixol
Impairments in nervous system function affecting a specific region of the body
walking) muscular rigidity, resistance to passive movements of the limbs (hypertonia) paralysis of a limb (monoparesis) or a larger area on one side of the
Focal_neurologic_signs
Rare genetic condition of muscle and cartilage
lower lip, full cheeks, a disturbed gait, genu valgum, hip dysplasia, hypertonia, intellectual disability, joint stiffness, low-set posteriorly-rotated
Schwartz–Jampel_syndrome
Drugs that lower neurotransmission levels, reducing brain activity
overdose consists of hyperreflexia, vomiting, kidney failure, delirium, hypertonia, coma, myoclonic twitches, somnolence, euphoria, muscular hyperactivity
Depressant
Movement of the body while seated
specific challenges to both sitting posture and to upper extremity function. Hypertonia is high muscle tone that can vary in degree, and that can be influenced
Active_sitting
Autosomal recessive metabolic disorder
increased focal neurologic signs. These neurologic signs include athetosis, hypertonia, spasticity, and opisthotonus that lead to convulsions and coma. If MSUD
Maple_syrup_urine_disease
Australian paratriathlete
Dopa-Responsive Dystonia. Her disability has a variety of impairments, including hypertonia, involuntary muscle movements and gait abnormalities. In 2017, she graduated
Anu_Francis
Chemical compound
lowering effect and is therefore indicated for use in the treatment of hypertonia and circulatory illnesses, especially Angina pectoris and other stenocardiac
5-APDI
Class of enzymes
developmental delays and neurological dysfunction with trunk hypotonia, hypertonia of the extremities, abnormal movements, tremors, convulsions, and sometimes
GTP_cyclohydrolase_I
Type of therapy
"Efficacy of early use of intrathecal baclofen therapy for treating spastic hypertonia due to acquired brain injury". Brain Injury. 19 (5): 359–64. doi:10
Neuromodulation_(medicine)
Medical syndrome
identified as a risk factor for the syndrome. Some PCE children experience hypertonia (excessive muscle tone), and reduced reflexes and motor function have
Prenatal_cocaine_exposure
Golgi tendon reflex
inverse stretch reflex that relaxes the muscle due to autogenic inhibition. Hypertonia "Spinal Relexes". Musom.marshall.edu. Archived from the original on 3
Clasp-knife_response
Chemical compound
include agitation or aggression, seizure, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, hypertonia, rhabdomyolysis, and death. Researchers report that NBOMe intoxication
25H-NBOMe
Medical condition
unilateral cryptorchidism. All had neonatal hypotonia progressing to hypertonia, and cerebral atrophy on MRI; several, but not all, had neurogenic scoliosis
Ogden_syndrome
Graded system in Para equestrian sport
impaired muscle power, athetosis, impaired passive range of movement, hypertonia, limb deficiency, ataxia, leg length difference, short stature, and vision
Para equestrian classification
Para_equestrian_classification
Medical condition
lesions, nystagmus, developmental delay, microcephaly, leukodystrophy, hypertonia, multiorgan failure, spasticity, tetraparesis, and more. In the monallelic
Mitochondrial complex II deficiency
Mitochondrial_complex_II_deficiency
Class of cell surface receptors
with σ1. Physiologic effects when the σ-receptor is activated include hypertonia, tachycardia, tachypnea, antitussive effects, and mydriasis.[citation
Sigma_receptor
its receptors (if with subscripts) hemagglutinin Hx history HA ; H/A hypertonia arterialis headache calcium hydroxyapatite HAA hepatitis-associated antigen
List of medical abbreviations: H
List_of_medical_abbreviations:_H
vessels) Confusion Coordination disturbance Miosis Sleep disorder Rash Hypertonia Abdominal pain Weight loss Visual disturbance Flatulence Menopausal symptoms
List of side effects of tramadol
List_of_side_effects_of_tramadol
Medical condition
purely neurological. Some patients display axial hypotonia, peripheral hypertonia and normal tendon reflexes. Autistic-like behavior including poor eye
Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency
Adenylosuccinate_lyase_deficiency
False appearance of an athletic body due to disease or injury
(Berardinelli–Seip syndrome) General Infantile-onset Muscle hypertrophy Hypertonia (spasticity or rigidity) Spastic cerebral palsy Calf muscle Childhood-onset
Pseudoathletic_appearance
Medical condition
can cause developmental delays, cognitive disabilities, cerebral palsy, hypertonia, spasticity, ankle clonus, seizures, and liver failure. Milder forms of
Citrullinemia_type_I
Muscular disorder
movement velocity and probably also from movement repetition. Muscle tone Hypertonia Hypotonia Dementia Dupré, E (1910). "Débilité mentale et débilité motrice
Paratonia
difference. RR1, RR2, RR3 Athletes with severe co-ordination impairment (hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis) competing in RaceRunning events. Key: ID : Classifications
Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Paralympics
IPC now uses 10 eligible impairment types (e.g., impaired muscle power, hypertonia, ataxia, limb deficiency, short stature, vision impairment, intellectual
National_Paralympic_Games
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