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Organism that ingests organic carbon for nutrition
A heterotroph (/ˈhɛtərəˌtroʊf, -ˌtrɒf/; from Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros), meaning "other", and τροφή (trophḗ), meaning "nourishment") is an organism
Heterotroph
Symbiotism between certain parasitic plants and fungi
food from parasitism upon fungi rather than from photosynthesis. A myco-heterotroph is the parasitic plant partner in this relationship. Myco-heterotrophy
Myco-heterotrophy
Theoretical conditions under which life on the Earth might have begun
heterotrophic theory indicates that early life on earth consisted entirely of heterotrophs. A condition of heterotrophic metabolism, is that the energetic substrate
Primordial_soup
Source of carbon in a biological context
organism to synthesize biomass. Such sources may be organic or inorganic. Heterotrophs must use organic molecules as a source of both carbon and energy. In
Carbon_source_(biology)
Organism type
Other organisms, called heterotrophs, take in autotrophs as food to carry out functions necessary for their life. Thus, heterotrophs – all animals, almost
Autotroph
Species that is able to thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions
and can make use of a variety of different resources (for example, a heterotroph with a varied diet). A specialist species can thrive only in a narrow
Generalist and specialist species
Generalist_and_specialist_species
Organism using energy from light in metabolic processes
triphosphate (ATP) for the cell. Phototrophs can be either autotrophs or heterotrophs. If their electron and hydrogen donors are inorganic compounds (e.g.
Phototroph
Biological kingdom
on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2018. Bergman, Jennifer. "Heterotrophs". Archived from the original on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 30 September
Animal
Group of organisms
that transfer energy in the anabolic processes of ATP synthesis (in heterotrophs) or biosynthesis (in autotrophs). The electron or hydrogen donors are
Primary_nutritional_groups
Biological process
symbiotic associations between chemosynthesizers and aerobically respiring heterotrophs are quite common. Large populations of animals can be supported by chemosynthetic
Chemosynthesis
Hypothetical last common ancestor of all animals
for animals. It is universally accepted to have been a multicellular heterotroph — with the novelties of a germline and oogamy, an extracellular matrix
Urmetazoan
Organisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments
as a synonym of chemoautotrophy. Chemoheterotrophs (or chemotrophic heterotrophs) are unable to fix carbon to form their own organic compounds. Chemoheterotrophs
Chemotroph
Domain of microorganisms
compounds such as nitrate, sulfate, or carbon dioxide. Many bacteria, called heterotrophs, derive their carbon from other organic carbon. Others, such as cyanobacteria
Bacteria
Organisms living in water or air that drift in the current or wind
migration Dimethylsulfoniopropionate f-ratio Fish diseases and parasites Heterotroph HNLC Macroalgae Manta trawl Marine mucilage Microbial mat Ocean acidification
Plankton
Living creatures that eat organisms from a different population
creature that eats organisms from a different population. A consumer is a heterotroph and a producer is an autotroph. Like sea angels, they take in organic
Consumer_(food_chain)
Diverse clade of vertebrate animals
independently evolved various levels of endothermy. Bony fish can be any type of heterotroph: numerous species of omnivore, carnivore, herbivore, filter-feeder, detritivore
Osteichthyes
Organism belonging to kingdom Fungi
protists is having chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs: they acquire their nutrition by absorbing dissolved organic molecules
Fungus
through photosynthesis that does not get respired by animals, other heterotrophs, or the plants themselves. Net ecosystem production describes the total
Net_ecosystem_production
Natural interconnection of food chains
level, is used in ecology to broadly classify organisms as autotrophs or heterotrophs. This is a non-binary classification; some organisms (such as carnivorous
Food_web
Family of flowering plants in the order Asparagales
such as Armillaria, and saprotrophs. These orchids are known as myco-heterotrophs, but were formerly (incorrectly) described as saprophytes as it was believed
Orchid
Ancestor of all current life on Earth
life as a mixotroph or heterotroph. Weiss et al. in 2018 replied that no enzyme defines a trophic lifestyle, and that heterotrophs evolved from autotrophs
Last universal common ancestor
Last_universal_common_ancestor
Type of ecological mutualism
occurs between an autotroph and a heterotroph. Although there are many examples of trophic mutualisms, the heterotroph is generally a fungus or bacteria
Trophic_mutualism
Light emitted by the Sun
building-blocks and in other synthetic pathways that allow the organism to grow. Heterotrophs, such as animals, use light from the Sun indirectly by consuming the
Sunlight
Organisms that live in salt water
reef-building. Marine life can be roughly grouped into autotrophs and heterotrophs according to their roles within the food web: the former include photosynthetic
Marine_life
Diverse group of photosynthetic organisms
from foraging external nutrients. Some unicellular algae have become heterotrophs or parasites, relying entirely on external energy sources. Algae have
Algae
Species of bacterium
rod-shaped and motile denitrifier. It is aerobic as well as an anoxic heterotroph, having an atypical respiratory type of metabolism in which oxygen and
Microvirgula aerodenitrificans
Microvirgula_aerodenitrificans
Species of flowering plant
of the island of Borneo. T. neptunis lives underground, and is a myco-heterotroph, a plant which obtains nutrients through a parasitic relationship with
Thismia_neptunis
Basic unit of life forms
emerged around 4 billion years ago. The first cells were most likely heterotrophs. The early cell membranes were probably simpler and more permeable than
Cell_(biology)
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
(which use sunlight) and lithoautotrophs (which use inorganic oxidation). Heterotrophs, such as animals and fungi, are not capable of carbon fixation but are
Biological_carbon_fixation
Chemical compound
compound produced by the saprophytic orchid Gastrodia elata and by the myco-heterotroph orchid Galeola faberi. Noda, Naoki; Kobayashi, Yukio; Miyahara, Kazumoto;
2,4-Bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol
2,4-Bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol
Study of plant life
cyanobacteria gather energy directly from sunlight by photosynthesis. Heterotrophs including all animals, all fungi, all completely parasitic plants, and
Botany
Provision to cells and organisms to support life
structures. Organisms can be classified by how they obtain carbon and energy. Heterotrophs are organisms that obtain nutrients by consuming the carbon of other
Nutrition
Group of eukaryotes which includes animals and fungi, among other groups
than to animals or fungi.[citation needed] Animals and fungi are both heterotrophs, unlike plants, and while most fungi are sessile like plants, there are
Opisthokont
Autotrophic members of the plankton ecosystem
migration Dimethylsulfoniopropionate f-ratio Fish diseases and parasites Heterotroph HNLC Macroalgae Manta trawl Marine mucilage Microbial mat Ocean acidification
Phytoplankton
Study of organisms and their environment
chemosynthesis. Heterotrophs are organisms that must feed on others for nourishment and energy (respiration exceeds production). Heterotrophs can be further
Ecology
Organisms that feed on matter not typically considered food
and biodegradation agents.[citation needed] Chemotroph Extremophile Heterotroph Lithoautotroph Horikoshi, Koki (2010) Extremophiles Handbook, pg. 5 New
Extremotroph
Organism that consumes fungi
Monotropastrum humile, a myco-heterotroph dependent on fungi throughout its lifetime
Fungivore
Chemical element with atomic number 16 (S)
of thiobacilli and other sulphur-oxidizing autotrophs, mixotrophs and heterotrophs". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B
Sulfur
which contain a preponderance of such species. Herbivorous animals are heterotrophs, meaning that they consume other organisms for sustenance. The organisms
List_of_herbivorous_animals
Species of dinoflagellate
Teleaulax amphioxeia. Thus, D. acuminata is a mixotroph, primarily a heterotroph, but autotroph once it acquires plastids. This is also an example of
Dinophysis_acuminata
Genus of flowering plants
Unlike most plants, they do not contain chlorophyll; they are myco-heterotrophs, getting their food through parasitism upon fungi rather than photosynthesis
Voyria
heterogeneity Heterokaryon Heteroplasmon Heteroplasmy Heterothallic Heterotroph Heterozygosity Heterozygote Heterozygous Heterozygous DNA Hexaploid Hfr
Index_of_genetics_articles
Animals of the phylum Porifera
Sponges are similar to other animals in that they are multicellular heterotrophs that lack cell walls and produce sperm cells. Unlike other animals, they
Sponge
Taxonomic rank
Plantae were mostly multicellular autotrophs, his Animalia multicellular heterotrophs, and his Fungi multicellular saprotrophs. The remaining two kingdoms
Kingdom_(taxonomy)
Class of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota
species, chemolithoautotrophics, chemoorganotrophics, photoautotrophs and heterotrophs.[citation needed] The element "gamma" (third letter of the Greek alphabet)
Gammaproteobacteria
Decrease of pH levels in the ocean
Oceanic calcifying organism span the food chain from autotrophs to heterotrophs and include organisms such as coccolithophores, corals, foraminifera
Ocean_acidification
Genus of parasitic flowering plants
have chlorophyll and therefore are non-photosynthetic; they are myco-heterotrophs that obtain food through parasitism on subterranean fungi. Because they
Monotropa
Heterotrophic protistan or metazoan members of the plankton ecosystem
migration Dimethylsulfoniopropionate f-ratio Fish diseases and parasites Heterotroph HNLC Macroalgae Manta trawl Marine mucilage Microbial mat Ocean acidification
Zooplankton
Rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium
source of carbon for biomass production. In other words, this obligate heterotroph's metabolism can be altered to display autotrophic capabilities by heterologously
Escherichia_coli
Single-celled algae with silica cell walls
hypothesised. Diatoms are mainly photosynthetic; however a few are obligate heterotrophs and can live in the absence of light provided an appropriate organic
Diatom
Animals without a vertebral column
unites tortoises, snails and sponges. Being animals, invertebrates are heterotrophs, and require sustenance in the form of the consumption of other organisms
Invertebrate
Proposed eukaryotic kingdom
mostly of photosynthetic eukaryotes (algae), but he later brought many heterotrophs (protozoa) into the proposed group. As of 2022, the kingdom was nearly
Chromista
Introduced species that harms its new environment
Foraging Generalist and specialist species Intraguild predation Herbivores Heterotroph Heterotrophic nutrition Insectivore Mesopredators Mesopredator release
Invasive_species
Rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem
as plants, is called primary productivity, while the productivity of heterotrophs, such as animals, is called secondary productivity. The productivity
Productivity_(ecology)
Species of bacterium
hyperthermophilic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, fermentative heterotroph, with type strain RKU-1T. T. petrophila was first discovered and isolated
Thermotoga_petrophila
River in Spain coloured red
conditions. Such life forms include certain species of bacteria, algae and heterotrophs. The ore body was deposited during the Carboniferous period (300–350
Rio_Tinto_(river)
Animal that feeds on decomposing plant and animal parts as well as faeces
detrivores, detritophages, detritus feeders or detritus eaters) are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing plant and animal
Detritivore
Deepest region of the ocean lying within oceanic trenches
vesicomyid bivalves. Otherwise the first link in the hadal food web are heterotroph organisms that feed on marine snow, both fine particles and the occasional
Hadal_zone
heterokonts, which include both autotrophs such as golden algae and kelp; and heterotrophs such as water moulds. The classification of heterokonts is still unsettled:
Taxonomy_of_diatoms
Genus of bacteria
defined "species" Thiobacillus trautweinii was where sulfur oxidising heterotrophs and chemolithoheterotrophs were assigned in the 1910-1960s era, most
Thiobacillus
Organisms that live at the surface of a body of water
duckweed and water lettuce); and the zooneuston, which are floating heterotrophs such as protists (e.g. ciliates) and metazoans (aquatic animals). The
Neuston
Aquatic, unicellular protists with two flagella
autotrophs possessing chloroplasts and half are nonphotosynthesising heterotrophs. The peridinin dinoflagellates, named after their peridinin plastids
Dinoflagellate
Plastic debris suspended in water and organisms which live in it
found on the plastic debris comprise an entire ecosystem of autotrophs, heterotrophs and symbionts. The microbial species found within plastisphere differ
Plastisphere
Phylum of photosynthesising prokaryotes
Sara E.; Chisholm, Sallie W. (26 June 2018). Mason, Olivia (ed.). "Heterotroph Interactions Alter Prochlorococcus Transcriptome Dynamics during Extended
Cyanobacteria
Transfer of genes from unrelated organisms
about 180 million years ago. Transfer of mRNA between host plants and heterotrophs plants in the Orobanchaceae have been directly observed. mRNA transcripts
Horizontal_gene_transfer
Organism that uses light for energy but needs nutrients from elsewhere
dioxide through anaplerotic fixation. The flavobacterium is still a heterotroph as it needs reduced carbon compounds to live and cannot subsist on only
Photoheterotroph
Topics referred to by the same term
which obtain nutrients directly from dead organic matter or wastes Myco-heterotrophs; plants, fungi, or micro-organisms that live on dead or decomposing matter
Saprophytes
Fraction of plankton between 0.2 and 2 μm
and 2 μm that can be either prokaryotic and eukaryotic phototrophs and heterotrophs: photosynthetic heterotrophic They are prevalent amongst microbial plankton
Picoplankton
autotroph, auxotrophy, chemolithoautotroph, dystrophy, hemidystrophy, heterotroph, hypertrophy, lithoautotroph, lithotroph, mixotroph, organotroph, phagotrophy
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P–Z
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/P–Z
Natural processes of carbon exchange
in the form of carbon dioxide, converting it to organic carbon, while heterotrophs receive carbon by consuming other organisms. Because carbon uptake in
Carbon_cycle
Species of orchid plant
subterranean. The orchid obtains its energy and nutrients as a myco-heterotroph via mycorrhizal fungi that form associations with the roots of broombush
Rhizanthella_gardneri
Flow of energy through food chains in ecological energetics
obtain important nutrients such as nitrogen from other organisms, just as heterotrophs would giving them the unique title of carnivorous plants. With methods
Energy_flow_(ecology)
Complex living system in the soil
organisms to eat. Heterotrophs are consumers that cannot make their own food. In order to obtain energy they eat plants or other heterotrophs. In above ground
Soil_food_web
Second epoch of the Paleogene Period
MECO warming caused an increase in the respiration rates of pelagic heterotrophs, leading to a decreased proportion of primary productivity making its
Eocene
Species of bacterium
(September 2004). "Parvibaculum lavamentivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel heterotroph that initiates catabolism of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate". International
Parvibaculum_lavamentivorans
Plant organelle that conducts photosynthesis
is the frequent loss of photosynthesis. However, a majority of these heterotrophs continue to process a non-photosynthetic plastid. Apicomplexans are a
Chloroplast
Species of bacterium
nutrients from its host cell to carry out respiration, making it an organo-heterotroph. Maintenance of its genome is carried out through vertical gene transfer
Rickettsia_rickettsii
indicate stress in the plants, can have benefits for another organism (heterotrophs) that consumes it. Or in simpler terms, xenohormesis is interspecies
Xenohormesis
Phylum of bacteria
cultivated in 2020 each in the binary culture with alphaproteobacterial heterotroph. They are called "Candidatus Nitrohelix vancouverensis" and "Candidatus
Nitrospinota
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
traditionally algae), which photosynthesize their own organic molecules, and heterotrophs (consumers, traditionally protozoa), which obtain organic molecules from
Protist
Species of flowering plant
burrobush, Yerba Santa, California croton, rabbitbrush, and ragweeds. As a heterotroph which derives its nutrients from other plants, it lacks chlorophyll and
Pholisma_arenarium
terms "macrophage" and "microphage" are used in ecology to describe heterotrophs that consume food in two different ways. Both macrophages and microphages
Macrophage_(ecology)
Genus of single-celled organisms
species Chilomonas paramecium. Members of this genus are osmotrophic heterotrophs possessing leucoplasts but not pigmented plastids. The periplastidial
Chilomonas
Plant genus in the heath family
the species in Monotropsis do not contain chlorophyll. They are myco-heterotrophs, getting its food through parasitism upon fungi rather than photosynthesis
Monotropsis
Genus of orchids
ectomycorrhizal specialist orchid Corallorhiza trifida is a partial myco-heterotroph.[link removed] New Phytologist 178:2 395-400. Cameron, Duncan D.; Preiss
Corallorhiza
Class of bacteria
rods, curved rods, cocci, spirillae and multicellular 'tablets'. Both heterotrophs and photoheterotrophs are found along with some facultative autotrophs
Betaproteobacteria
Organism that obtains energy from organic substrates
processes. Some organotrophs such as animals and many bacteria, are also heterotrophs. Organotrophs can be either anaerobic or aerobic. Different from an organotroph
Organotroph
Eggs and larvae of fish that drift in the water column
migration Dimethylsulfoniopropionate f-ratio Fish diseases and parasites Heterotroph HNLC Macroalgae Manta trawl Marine mucilage Microbial mat Ocean acidification
Ichthyoplankton
Clade of eukaryotes
well-studied groups: ciliates (more than 8,000 species, mostly free-living heterotrophs), dinoflagellates (~4,500 species, many photosynthetic) and apicomplexans
Diaphoretickes
Multi-layered sheet of microorganisms
microorganisms would have created an ecological niche for scavenging heterotrophs, possibly methane-emitting and sulfate-reducing organisms that would
Microbial_mat
Species of flowering plant
Geosiris aphylla is sometimes called the earth-iris. It is a small myco-heterotroph lacking chlorophyll and obtaining its nutrients from fungi in the soil
Geosiris_aphylla
English affixes added before a word
gyroscope, gyrosphere hetero- different heterochromia, heterogeneous, heterotroph, heterozygous hemi- half hemimorphic, hemisphere Hispano- Spanish, Spain
English_prefix
Species of flowering plant
its nutrition from fungi in the soil (that is, it is a partial myco-heterotroph. There are four subspecies: Chimaphila umbellata subsp. umbellata – Europe
Chimaphila_umbellata
Mode of nutrition
This mode of nutrition is also known as heterotrophic nutrition. All heterotrophs (except blood and gut parasites) have to convert solid food into soluble
Heterotrophic_nutrition
Coastal ecosystem between land and open saltwater that is regularly flooded
salt marshes. Salt marshes provide habitat for chemo(litho)autotrophs, heterotrophs, and photoautotrophs alike. These organisms contribute diverse environmental
Salt_marsh
Series of secondary extinctions
Foraging Generalist and specialist species Intraguild predation Herbivores Heterotroph Heterotrophic nutrition Insectivore Mesopredators Mesopredator release
Cascade_effect_(ecology)
now known to be parasites on fungi. These species are now termed myco-heterotrophs. Necrophage Detritivore Decomposer Saprotrophic nutrition Consumer-resource
Thanatophage
Shower of organic detritus in the ocean
metabolically active and must be participating in nutrient cycling by not only heterotrophs but by autotrophs as well. There is a mismatch from the microbial carbon
Marine_snow
photosynthesis to conversion of organic matter into carbon dioxide by heterotrophs. Therefore, they have the potential to treat wastewater without an external
Oxygenic_photogranules
Academic journal
removed] Online Content genetics[permanent dead link] All organisms in the Kingdom Animalia are multicellular heterotroph's that are also eukaryotes. v t e
Animal_Genetics
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