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Subcategory of ether used in anesthesiology
Halogenated ethers are a subcategory of ethers—organic chemicals that contain an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl groups. Halogenated ethers differ from
Halogenated_ether
Organic chemical compound
anesthetics, such as isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane, are halogenated ethers. Diethyl ether was found to have undesirable side effects, such as post-anesthetic
Diethyl_ether
Chemical compound
alternative to diethyl ether because of its greater potency. Its use as an anaesthetic has since been supplanted by modern halogenated ethers which are much less
Methoxypropane
Semicrystalline thermoplastic with high mechanical and chemical resistance
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a beige coloured organic thermoplastic polymer in the polyaryletherketone (PAEK) family, used in engineering applications
Polyether_ether_ketone
Chemical compound
2-trifluoroethyl) ether) is a volatile liquid drug from the halogenated ether family, related to inhaled anaesthetic agents such as diethyl ether and sevoflurane
Flurothyl
Chemical compound
vinyl ether didn't enter widespread use in anesthetics, as superior halogenated ethers replaced it shortly after its first trials. Many divinyl ether derivatives
Divinyl_ether
Class of chemicals
polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other polyhalogenated compounds, consisting of two halogenated aromatic rings. PBDEs
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Polybrominated_diphenyl_ethers
Obsolete anaesthetic
Enflurane (2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether) is a halogenated ether. Developed by Ross Terrell in 1963, it was first used clinically
Enflurane
Volatile or gaseous anesthetic compound delivered by inhalation
reverse by this gas (i.e., nerve membrane compression). Also, some halogenated ethers (such as flurothyl) also possess this "anti-anaesthetic" effect, providing
Inhalational_anesthetic
This reduced the risk of operating room fires. In the sixties the halogenated ethers superseded Halothane due to the rare, but significant side effects
History_of_general_anesthesia
Index of chemical compounds with the same molecular formula
to: Flurothyl, a volatile liquid drug from the halogenated ether family Isoflurothyl, a fluorinated ether related to the inhalational convulsant flurothyl
C4H4F6O
Inhalational anesthetic
Isoflurane, sold under the brand name Forane among others, is a halogenated ether used as a general anesthetic. It can be used to start or maintain anesthesia;
Isoflurane
Chemical compound
Poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO), poly(p-phenylene ether) (PPE), poly(oxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene), often referred to simply as polyphenylene oxide, is
Poly(p-phenylene_oxide)
Volatile anaesthesia medication
methoxyflurane is 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoro-1-methoxyethane. It is a halogenated ether in form of a clear, colorless liquid, and its vapor has a strong fruity
Methoxyflurane
General anaesthetic
halothane. Attempts to find anesthetics with less metabolism led to halogenated ethers such as enflurane and isoflurane. The incidence of hepatic reactions
Halothane
Use of five or more medications daily
such as vecuronium, and in inhaled general anesthesia generally a halogenated ether anesthetic such as sevoflurane or desflurane. People who are at greatest
Polypharmacy
Class of polymers
by repeated application of the Ullmann Ether Synthesis: reaction of an alkali-metal phenate with a halogenated benzene catalyzed by copper. PPEs of up
Polyphenyl_ether
Substance dissolving a solute resulting in a solution
(acetone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate); in spot removers (hexane, petrol ether); in detergents (citrus terpenes); and in perfumes (ethanol). Solvents find
Solvent
Group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens
another molecule—thus leaving saturated hydrocarbons, as well as the halogenated product. Haloalkanes behave as the R+ synthon, and readily react with
Haloalkane
Chemical compound
Tetrabromobisphenol A diglycidyl ether is an epoxy resin consisting of tetrabromobisphenol A with ether linkages to two epichlorohydrin groups. An alternative
Tetrabromobisphenol A diglycidyl ether
Tetrabromobisphenol_A_diglycidyl_ether
Substance applied to items to slow burning or delay ignition
toddlers are particularly exposed to halogenated flame retardants found in breast milk and dust. Because many halogenated flame retardants are fat-soluble
Flame_retardant
American organic and nuclear chemist (1911–1998)
Project also included the first chemical synthesis of methoxyflurane, a halogenated ether that was in clinical use as an inhalational anesthetic from 1960 until
William_T._Miller
Chemical compound
electrophilic and forms a hydrate CF3CH(OH)2 upon contact with water like other halogenated acetaldehydes. It is commonly used in form of ethyl hemiacetal (1-ethoxy-2
Fluoral
Chemical compound
fluorination process used to produce PFOA. However, other perfluorinated ether isomers will also result. H(CH2)7COCl + HF → H(CH2)7COF + C7H16 + 2C8F16O
FC-75
Inhalational anesthesia medication
2-tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether), under the brand name Suprane, is a highly fluorinated methyl ethyl ether used for induction and maintenance
Desflurane
Chemical compound
1-Fluorohexane is a chemical compound from the group of aliphatic saturated halogenated hydrocarbons. The chemical formula is CH3(CH2)5F. 1-Fluorohexane can
1-Fluorohexane
Chemical compound
1,1-Dichloroethane is a chlorinated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless oily liquid with a chloroform-like odor. It is not easily soluble in water, but miscible
1,1-Dichloroethane
commonly known as R numbers. Many modern refrigerants are human-made halogenated gases, especially fluorinated gases and chlorinated gases, that are frequently
List_of_refrigerants
Chemical compound
compound with the chemical formula HC≡CCH2Br. A colorless liquid, it is a halogenated organic compound consisting of propyne with a bromine substituent on
Propargyl_bromide
Aromatic compounds containing Halogen atom(s) in place of Hydrogen
halide includes halogenated derivatives of any aromatic compound, it commonly refers to halobenzenes, which are specifically halogenated derivatives of
Aryl_halide
Substances delivering CO within the body
Hopper CP, Wollborn J (August 2019). "Delivery of carbon monoxide via halogenated ether anesthetics". review article. Nitric Oxide. 89: 93–95. doi:10.1016/j
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules
Carbon_monoxide-releasing_molecules
Chemical compound containing carbon and at least one halogen
polymers, and a few natural ones, contain halogen atoms; they are known as halogenated compounds or organohalogens. Organochlorides are the most common industrially
Halocarbon
Laboratory glassware
dense liquid, typically the aqueous phase unless the organic phase is halogenated, sinks to the bottom of the funnel and can be drained out through a valve
Separatory_funnel
Type of material
Higher molecular weight diglycidyl ethers (n ≥ 1) are formed by the reaction of the bisphenol A diglycidyl ether formed with further bisphenol A; this
Epoxy
Chemical compound
Lucas, D.; Koshland, C.; Dobraca, D.; Hanson, S.; Birnbaum, L. (2010). "Halogenated flame retardants: do the fire safety benefits justify the risks?". Reviews
Tetrabromobisphenol_A
Type of functional group in a molecule
reaction from an epoxide and can be considered a variant of the Williamson ether synthesis. Most of the world's supply of propylene oxide arises via this
Halohydrin
"Action du Chlorure de Thionyle en Presence d'une Base Tertiare sur quelques Ether d'Acides Alcohols" [Action of Thionyl Chloride in the Presence of a Tertiary
Darzens_halogenation
Chemical compound
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Quadrichlorinated Hydrochloric Ether in Gmelin, L., Hand-book of Chemistry NLM Hazardous Substances Data Bank
Pentachloroethane
Chemical compound
attempts to synthesize diethyl ether from ethanol and anhydrous sulfuric acid by Magnus. Early investigations focused on ether production from alcohols and
Methanedisulfonic_acid
Chemical compound
a face-capped octahedral geometry. In its ether adducts, samarium remains heptacoordinate with five ether and two terminal iodide ligands. Samarium iodide
Samarium(II)_iodide
Chemical compound
parts water) and is miscible with alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether, petroleum ether, acetone and oils. The molecule adopts tetrahedral molecular geometry
Bromoform
Working fluid in a refrigeration cycle
hydrocarbons (chlorine and fluorine are halogens, so these compounds are termed halogenated). By 1931, dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) came to market. R-12 was soon
Refrigerant
Chemical group with the structure RC(OR')3
can be converted to α,α‑dichloro ethers with phosphorus pentachloride. The resulting halogenated compounds undergo ether synthesis like the trichloroalkanes
Ortho_ester
Chemical compound
reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Like the diol, most simple ether derivatives are labile. Di-tert-butoxyacetylene is however a distillable
Acetylenediol
Organic compound containing at least one covalent carbon-bromine bond
synthetic organobromine compounds is the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as fire-retardants, and in fact fire-retardant manufacture is currently
Organobromine_chemistry
Pharmaceutical drug classification
in this list, which follows the WHO version. N01AA01 Diethyl ether N01AA02 Vinyl ether N01AB01 Halothane N01AB02 Chloroform N01AB04 Enflurane N01AB05
ATC_code_N01
CHCl3, historical anaesthetic and common solvent
chlorinated lime with ethanol; however, he mistook it for Chloräther (chloric ether, 1,2-dichloroethane). Samuel Guthrie, a U.S. physician from Sackets Harbor
Chloroform
Type of organic chemical
concerns for perflurocompounds are similar to chlorofluorocarbons and other halogenated compounds used as refrigerants and fire suppression materials. The history
Perfluorinated_compound
Cation containing an oxygen atom with 3 bonds and 1+ formal charge
of alcohols or ethers. Secondary oxonium ions have the formula R2OH+, an example being protonated ethers (e.g. protonated dimethyl ether is dimethyloxonium
Oxonium_ion
British chemist
diathermy became more common. Chloroform was toxic to the liver. The halogenated alkanes (alkyl halides, also known as haloalkanes) in general, and in
Charles_Suckling
Chemical compound
2,2-Trifluoroethyl vinyl ether, an inhaled drug introduced clinically under the tradename Fluoromar, features a vinyl ether of trifluorethanol. This species
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol
Organic compound
the compound C 2H 5−O−C 2H 5 (commonly called "ether" in English, more specifically called "diethyl ether"). According to the Oxford English Dictionary
Ethanol
Carbon compound
original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2018. Odabasi M. (2008). "Halogenated Volatile Organic Compounds from the Use of Chlorine-Bleach-Containing
Carbon_tetrachloride
Chemical acid found in vinegar
a catalyst for organic coupling reactions such as the Heck reaction. Halogenated acetic acids are produced from acetic acid. Some commercially significant
Acetic_acid
Monoamine releaser and entactogen
and α,N-dimethyltryptamine (α,N-DMT; NM-AMT), among others. Several 5-halogenated derivatives of BK-NM-AMT have also been described. These include BK-5F-NM-AMT
BK-NM-AMT
Chemical compound
hexafluoroisopropanol from impure mixtures and synthesis of a fluoromethyl ether therefrom". United States Patent 4,314,087. Retrieved 2006-10-18. Cheminal
Hexafluoro-2-propanol
Chemical compound
in the distribution system. In order to meet EPA-regulated limits on halogenated disinfection by-products, many utilities are switching from chlorination
Monochloramine
Chemical compound
Chlorbisan is a toxic halogenated organosulfide. It is used as a microbicide. Phenol, 2,2'-thiobis(4-chloro-6-methyl)- at cameochemicals.noaa.gov. v t
Chlorbisan
Chemical reaction involving repeated halogenation of an acetyl group (–COCH3)
formal +1 charge). 2. When the α(alpha) position has been exhaustively halogenated, the molecule reacts with hydroxide, with −CX3 being the leaving group
Haloform_reaction
Chemical compound
Vdovin et al. and Laane et al. in the 1960's synthesized the first halogenated silacyclobutanes, 1,1-dichloro-silacyclobutane and 1,1-difloro-silacyclobutane
Silacyclobutane
Antifungal medication used for dermatophytoses
griseophenone C is then halogenated at the activated site ortho to the phenol group on the left aromatic ring to form griseophenone B. The halogenated species then
Griseofulvin
Organic compounds of the form RC(=O)NR′R″
William (1925). "CCLXIX.—Imino-aryl ethers. Part III. The molecular rearrangement of N-phenylbenziminophenyl ether". Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions
Amide
Chemical compound
chlorine on the hydrochloric ether of methanol [i.e., chloromethane]), pages 377–380. Regnault gives dichloromethane the name éther hydrochlorique monochloruré
Dichloromethane
Chemical primarily responsible for cork taint in wines (TCA)
"Identification of Hydroxylated PCB Metabolites and Other Phenolic Halogenated Pollutants in Human Blood Plasma". Archives of Environmental Contamination
2,4,6-Trichloroanisole
adhesives is virtually impossible. The exception to this is with special halogenated solvents that have a surface energy lower than PTFE, such as 3M's FC
Surface_treatment_of_PTFE
Pharmaceutical drug
obstructing esophageal cancer. Porfimer is a mixture of oligomers formed by ether and ester linkages of up to eight porphyrin units. In practice, a red light
Porfimer_sodium
Chemical compound
Action and Mitochondrial Uncoupling Activity of AC-303,630 and Related Halogenated Pyrroles". Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 50 (2): 115–128. Bibcode:1994PBioP
Chlorfenapyr
Chemical compound
phosphorus pentoxide. The dehydration might also be carried out with excess α-halogenated acid chlorides. For example, with dichloroacetyl chloride: 2 CF3COOH
Trifluoroacetic_anhydride
Chemicals that can interfere with endocrine or hormonal systems
(PCBs), and have similar neurotoxic effects. Research has correlated halogenated hydrocarbons, such as PCBs, with neurotoxicity. PBDEs are similar in
Endocrine_disruptor
Chemical compound
is near 204°C. Its smell has been described as "usually ethereal" (like ether). 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane is mainly used as a solvent and foam blowing
1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane
Chemical element with atomic number 51 (Sb)
the trioxide for flame-proofing compounds, always in combination with halogenated flame retardants except in halogen-containing polymers. The flame retarding
Antimony
Chemical compounds containing iodine
reactive than the other halogens. For example, while chlorine gas will halogenate carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and sulfur dioxide (to phosgene, nitrosyl
Iodine_compounds
Organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation
have since been many new POPs added (e.g. PFOS). POPs typically are halogenated organic compounds (see lists below) and as such exhibit high lipid solubility
Persistent_organic_pollutant
Chemical compound
doi:10.1093/bja/72.6.710. PMID 8024925. Inhalational Anesthetics: Non-Halogenated in Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs Used in Anesthesia (2008), J. K. Aronson
Cyclopropane
Organic compound containing at least one covalent carbon-chlorine bond
gives alcohols. Reaction with alkoxides or aryloxides give ethers in the Williamson ether synthesis; reaction with thiols give thioethers. Alkyl chlorides
Organochlorine_chemistry
Chemical reaction
Blanc–Quelet reaction) is an organic coupling reaction in which a phenolic ether reacts with an aliphatic aldehyde to generate an α-chloroalkyl derivative
Quelet_reaction
Chemical element with atomic number 35 (Br)
saturated with chlorine and extracted the bromine with diethyl ether. After evaporation of the ether, a brown liquid remained. With this liquid as a sample of
Bromine
Chemical compound
Cohen, S. & Lacher, J. R. (1962). "Hydrolysis Reactions of Halogenated Cyclobutene Ethers: Synthesis of Diketocyclobutenediol". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 84 (15):
Squaric_acid
Class of organic compounds
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are fully or partly halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and
Chlorofluorocarbon
Hernández F, Ibáñez M (June 2019). "Characterization of a recently detected halogenated aminorex derivative: para-fluoro-4-methylaminorex (4'F-4-MAR)". Scientific
List_of_aminorex_analogues
Organic ion with a negatively charged carbon atom
like butyllithium (hexameric cluster, [BuLi]6) or methylmagnesium bromide (ether complex, MeMg(Br)(OEt2)2) are often referred to as "carbanions," at least
Carbanion
Chemical compound
was used as a chemical stabilizer to prevent decomposition of various halogenated hydrocarbons. It can be used as an explosive, when gelled with several
Nitromethane
Medicinal chemical compound, steroid
4-diene-3,20-dione cyclic 16,17-acetal with acetone, is a synthetic halogenated cyclic ketal pregnane corticosteroid. It is the C16α,17α acetonide of
Triamcinolone_acetonide
Chemical compound
Black A, Belcher DR. 1970. The excretion in breath of some aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons following administration by inhalation. Ann Occup Hyg 13:219
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Pharmaceutical compound
Luethi D, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (2022). "Structure-activity Relation of Halogenated 2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamines Compared to their α‑Desmethyl (2C) Analogues"
2C-H
Psychedelic drug
of psychedelic effects, in rodents, with intermediate potency among halogenated derivatives. In addition, it produces hypolocomotion and hypothermia
5-Chloro-DMT
Chemical compound
products via a cross coupling reaction. This can be done by treating the halogenated carborane with a Grignard reagent in the presence of a phosphine palladium
Ortho-Carborane
Chemical compound
[Citation Needed] Like all or most of the direct morphine derivatives, halogenated derivatives of these drugs and their hydromorphone and hydromorphinol
3,14-Diacetyloxymorphone
Antihistamine used to treat allergies
of a series of antihistamines including pheniramine (Naphcon) and its halogenated derivatives including fluorpheniramine, dexchlorphenamine (Polaramine)
Chlorphenamine
Chemical separation of spent nuclear fuel
lived radionuclides. If carbon is present in the spent fuel it'll form halogenated hydrocarbons which are extremely potent greenhouse gases, and hard to
Nuclear_reprocessing
Chemical compound
61 K) Solubility in water <0.1 g/100 mL at 21 °C Solubility soluble in ether, benzene, ethanol, acetone miscible in n-heptane, CCl4 Refractive index
Trifluorotoluene
Chemical compound
Essai sur l'Action du Chlore sur la Liqueur des Hollandais et sur quelques Ethers in Annales de Chimie, LXIII. (1836) page 379 On Chloroform and Tests for
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
such as N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and iodine leads to the formation of halogenated olefins. These products are useful for cross-coupling reactions. (9)
Alkenylaluminium_compounds
Chemical compound
5 g L−1 (at 20 °C) Solubility in ethanol Miscible Solubility in diethyl ether Miscible log P 2.319 Vapor pressure 19.5 kPa (at 20 °C) Henry's law constant (kH)
1-Bromopropane
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
linalool, and many others. Many monoterpenes found in marine organisms are halogenated, such as halomon. Selected Monoterpenes and Monoterpenoids Myrcene is
Monoterpene
Intravenous medication used in anesthesia
of voltage-operated skeletal muscle and neuronal sodium channels by halogenated propofol analogues". British Journal of Pharmacology. 155 (2): 265–275
Propofol
Synthetic polymer
C.G. (2001). "Thermolysis of fluoropolymers as a potential source of halogenated organic acids in the environment". Nature. 412 (6844): 321–324. Bibcode:2001Natur
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Halogen compounds derived from methane
and oxygen (only C, H and O) R-O-R Acetal Alcohol Alkoxy Methoxy Ether Enol ether Epoxide Peroxy Hydroperoxy Dioxiranes Ethylenedioxy Methylenedioxy
Halomethane
Compounds that damage or destroy monoaminergic neurons
1016/0014-2999(93)90350-q. PMID 7682511. Harvey JA (June 1978). "Neurotoxic action of halogenated amphetamines". Ann N Y Acad Sci. 305 (1): 289–304. Bibcode:1978NYASA
Monoamine_neurotoxin
Synthetic polymer
It is polymerized from oxetane monomer, which is a four-membered cyclic ether. Needed chemistry was observed and developed through the 1930s and 1940s
Polyoxetane
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HALOGENATED ETHER
HALOGENATED ETHER
HALOGENATED ETHER
HALOGENATED ETHER
HALOGENATED ETHER
HALOGENATED ETHER
HALOGENATED ETHER
HALOGENATED ETHER
HALOGENATED ETHER
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