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Greek minority in Turkey
The Greeks in Turkey constitute a small population of Greek and Greek-speaking Eastern Orthodox Christians who mostly live in Istanbul, as well as on
Greeks_in_Turkey
1923 agreement between Greece and Turkey
the Greeks living within the present-day borders of Turkey in 1914 could be as high as 2.130 million, a figure higher than the 1.8 million Greeks in the
Population exchange between Greece and Turkey
Population_exchange_between_Greece_and_Turkey
Cyprus Turkey–European Union relations Conflicts of Turkey Intermediate Region Greeks in Turkey Greeks in the Middle East Turks in Greece Turks in Europe
Greece–Turkey_relations
Ethnic Greeks native to Asia Minor
Asia Minor Greeks, Anatolian Greeks or Mikrasiates (Greek: Μικρασιάτες, romanized: Mikrasiates), refer to the Greek populations who lived in Asia Minor
Asia_Minor_Greeks
Ethnic group
The Pontic Greeks (Pontic: Ρωμαίοι, Ρωμιοί; Turkish: Pontus Rumları or Karadeniz Rumları; Greek: Πόντιοι, Ελληνοπόντιοι), also Pontian Greeks or simply
Pontic_Greeks
Genocide campaign in the Ottoman Empire
region prior to the Ottoman conquest, including Pontic Greeks, Caucasus Greeks, Cappadocian Greeks, Armenians, Kurds, Zazas, Georgians, Circassians, Assyrians
Greek_genocide
ethnically Turkish, notably Kurds, Armenians, Arabs, Assyrians, Greeks, Jews, and peripatetic groups like Romani people, Domari, Abdals and Lom. In recent
Xenophobia and discrimination in Turkey
Xenophobia_and_discrimination_in_Turkey
Armenians in Syria Armenians in Turkey Greeks Greek Cypriots Greeks in Egypt Greeks in Israel Greeks in Lebanon Greeks in Syria Iranian peoples Ajam of
Ethnic groups in the Middle East
Ethnic_groups_in_the_Middle_East
Ethnic Greek subgroup
The Cappadocian Greeks (Greek: Έλληνες Καππαδόκες; Turkish: Kapadokyalı Rumlar), or simply Cappadocians, are an ethnic Greek community native to the geographical
Cappadocian_Greeks
Azerbaijanis in Turkey Australians in Turkey Britons in Turkey Canadians in Turkey Chinese people in Turkey Crimean Tatars in Turkey Greeks in Turkey Iraqis in Turkey
Minorities_in_Turkey
Ethnic group and nation
Greeks or Hellenes (/ˈhɛliːnz/; Greek: Έλληνες, Éllines [ˈelines]) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Turkey, southern
Greeks
1964–1965 discriminatory measures by the authorities of the Republic of Turkey
of Greeks from Istanbul was an ethno-religious cleansing campaign undertaken by İsmet İnönü's CHP-led government of Turkey in 1964–1965. The Turkish government
Expulsion of Greeks from Istanbul
Expulsion_of_Greeks_from_Istanbul
Ethnic Greeks living within the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Greeks (Greek: Γραικοί, romanized: Graikoi) or Romioi (Greek: Ρωμιοί, romanized: Romioi; Turkish: Osmanlı Rumları) were ethnic Greeks who lived in the
Ottoman_Greeks
International border
200 kilometres (120 mi) long, and separates Western Thrace in Greece from East Thrace in Turkey. It mostly follows the river Evros. At some places the border
Greece–Turkey_border
1923 agreement between Greece and Turkey
signed with the Turkish government. Outline and timeline of the Greek genocide Christianity in Turkey Islam in Greece Greeks in Turkey League of Nations
Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations
Convention_Concerning_the_Exchange_of_Greek_and_Turkish_Populations
Conflict between the Kingdom of Greece and the Turkish National Movement
of Ottoman Greeks of Anatolia had either become refugees or had died. Greeks suffered in the Turkish labor battalions. Many of the Greek deportations
Greco-Turkish_War_(1919–1922)
Overview and topical guide of the Greek genocide
overview. The Greek Genocide was the mass killings and deportations of Greeks in the Ottoman Empire by Turkish forces. It resulted in the deaths of hundreds
Outline_of_the_Greek_genocide
Diaspora of the Greek people
The Greek diaspora, also known as Omogenia (Greek: Ομογένεια, romanized: Omogéneia), are the communities of Greeks living outside of Greece and Cyprus
Greek_diaspora
1914–1923 genocide in the Ottoman Empire
Greek community in the Pontus region (the northeast of modern Turkey) in the Ottoman Empire during World War I and its aftermath. The Pontic Greeks had
Pontic_Greek_genocide
Ethnoreligious group
753 Muslim Greeks lived in Greek Macedonia in 1912. In the 20th century, the Vallahades were considered by other Greeks to have become Turkish and were
Greek_Muslims
Peninsula of Turkey in Western Asia
Anatolia (Greek: Ανατολή, Turkish: Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It
Anatolia
Ethnic group
The Caucasus Greeks (Greek: Έλληνες του Καυκάσου or more commonly Καυκάσιοι Έλληνες, Turkish: Kafkas Rum), also known as the Greeks of Transcaucasia and
Caucasus_Greeks
Ethnic group in Georgia
Armenia Greeks in Azerbaijan Pontic Greek (language) Georgian Byzantine-Rite Catholics Greeks in Russia Greeks in Turkey Greek Diaspora Urums "Ethnic Composition
Greeks_in_Georgia
Discrimination against the Greek people
addition to the Greeks who had been expelled." Within months a total of 40,000 Greeks were expelled from Constantinople. In 1999, Turkey "was again swept
Anti-Greek_sentiment
European gas pipeline project
flows from Turkey to Greece through a pipeline which is almost 300 km long. It is an incomplete transportation project that was proposed in the framework
Turkey–Greece_gas_pipeline
1955 state-sanctioned violence against minorities in Turkey
insinuated that Greeks had set off the bomb. A Turkish mob, most of whose members were trucked into the city in advance, assaulted Istanbul's Greek community
Istanbul_pogrom
Greek Orthodox Turkish-speaking ethnic group
The Karamanlides (Greek: Καραμανλήδες, romanized: Karamanlídes; Turkish: Karamanlılar), also known as Karamanli Greeks or simply Karamanlis, are a traditionally
Karamanlides
Disaster-influenced relations
Greek–Turkish earthquake diplomacy is a phenomenon that has existed since the summer of 1999, when Greece and Turkey were hit by successive earthquakes
Greek–Turkish earthquake diplomacy
Greek–Turkish_earthquake_diplomacy
1974 military conflict
Cyprus was composed of both Greeks and Turks, who identified themselves with their respective homeland. Greek and Turkish Cypriots lived quietly side
Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus
Greek Irredentist concept until 1922
Orthodox Greeks were seen as part of the millet-i Rûm (literally "Roman community") which included all Orthodox Christians, including beside Greeks also Bulgarians
Megali_Idea
Topics referred to by the same term
several Greco-Turkish Wars: Orlov revolt (1770) Greeks' first major, organized Revolt against the Ottoman Empire with the support of Russia Greek War of Independence
Greco-Turkish_War
Ethnic Greek population of Cyprus
Cyprus–Greece relations Cypriot Australians Greek Cypriot diaspora Turkish Cypriots Greek Britons List of Cypriots Cappadocian Greeks Greeks in New Zealand
Greek_Cypriots
Assyrians in Turkey Greeks in Turkey Jews in Turkey Kurds in Turkey Yazidis in Turkey Secularism in Turkey Xenophobia and discrimination in Turkey Xenophobia
Christianity_in_Turkey
Greek community in Syria
Greece–Syria relations Greek diaspora Ethnic groups in Syria Syrians in Greece Antiochian Greek Christians Greeks in Armenia Greeks in Israel Greeks in
Greeks_in_Syria
Country in Southeastern Europe
Greeks from the Tsalka region of central Georgia and ethnic Greeks from southeastern Ukraine who arrived in Northern Greece as economic migrants in the
Greece
Overview of Eastern Orthodoxy in the Republic of Turkey
named by others) and Greeks, at least those educated, considered their ethnicity (genos) to be Hellenic. There were, however, many Greeks who escaped the second-class
Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Turkey
Dispute between Greek and Turkish Cypriots
between the Greek and Turkish communities in Cyprus, particularly in the north where Turkish troops are deployed. It began after the Greek Cypriot community
Cyprus_problem
Country in Southeastern Europe and West Asia
Catholics, Greeks, Jews, and Protestants. Sources estimate that the Christian population in Turkey ranges between 180,000 and 320,000. Turkey has the largest
Turkey
Portion of Turkey that is located in South-eastern Europe
the part of Turkey that is geographically in Southeast Europe. Turkish Thrace or also known as European Turkey accounts for 3% of Turkey's land area (an
East_Thrace
Interwar conflict in Turkey, 1919–1923
overarching aim was to achieve a Turkey free of Greeks. Meichanetsidis, Vasileios Th. (2015). "The Genocide of the Greeks of the Ottoman Empire, 1913–1923:
Turkish_War_of_Independence
Ghost town in Muğla Province, Turkey
Turkey. In 2022, its population was 975. Situated 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of Fethiye, it is mostly abandoned. It was anciently known in Greek as
Kayaköy
Ancient underground city in Turkey
exchange of populations between Turkey and Greece in 1923." — Darke (2011) "Its inhabitants were Cappadocian Greeks, who may have found a refuge here
Derinkuyu_underground_city
Island country in the Mediterranean Sea
clerics and with no Turkish Cypriot participation, where 96% of the participating Greek Cypriots voted in favour of enosis. The Greeks were 80.2% of the
Cyprus
Variety of modern Greek
Byzantine Greeks. Nowadays, Pontic speakers living in Turkey call their language Romeyka, Urumce, Rumca or Rumcika. Similar to most modern Greek dialects
Pontic_Greek
Forcible expulsion of Ottoman Greeks
citizens of Greece but also affecting Ottoman Greeks with Greek citizenship as well as eventually all Ottoman Greeks. Violence and looting were soon reported
1914_Greek_deportations
Series of controversies between Greece and Turkey over the Aegean Sea
between Greece and Turkey over sovereignty and related rights in the region of the Aegean Sea. This set of conflicts has strongly affected Greek-Turkish relations
Aegean_dispute
The national flag of Turkey, officially the Turkish flag (Turkish: Türk bayrağı), features a white crescent and star in a red background on its emblem
Flag_of_Turkey
Turkish labor battalions (1941–1942)
the Turkish government during World War II to conscript the male non-Muslim minority population mainly consisting of Christians (Armenians, Greeks, Assyrians)
The_Twenty_Classes
Unpopulated islet in southeastern Aegean
coast of Turkey. They are known in Turkey as Kardak. Imia was the object of a military crisis and subsequent dispute over sovereignty between Greece and Turkey
Imia
Bilateral relations
ballistic missiles, which he claimed were "frightening the Greeks." Erdogan stated, "(The Greeks) say 'It can hit Athens.' Of course, it will. If you don't
Turkey_in_NATO
Ethnic group
For millennia, the Greeks in Israel (also known as Rūm) have been prominently present in the Land of Israel. Greek expatriates comprise most of the leadership
Greeks_in_Israel
Form of unfree labour in the late Ottoman Empire
the Greeks were in a condition "worse than slavery". Even Mark Lambert Bristol, who had a notably pro-Turkish bias, reported that the Greek men in labour
Labour_battalions_(Turkey)
Greek regional and historical population group
population group of ethnic Greeks, inhabiting or originating from the Greek region of Macedonia, in Northern Greece. Most Macedonians live in or around the regional
Macedonians_(Greeks)
7.0 magnitude earthquake and tsunami affecting Turkey and Greece
14 km (8.7 mi) northeast of the Greek island of Samos. Although Samos was closest to the epicentre, it was the large Turkish city İzmir, 70 km (43 mi) northeast
2020_Aegean_Sea_earthquake
between Greece and the new Turkish Republic, which also uprooted approximately 1.5 million Greeks from Asia Minor. Many of the Muslims of Northern Greece were
Islam_in_Greece
Branch of the Circassian diaspora in Turkey
in Turkey refers to people born in or residing in Turkey that are of Circassian origin. The Circassians are one of the largest ethnic minorities in Turkey
Circassians_in_Turkey
Historical Muslim population of Crete
"Turks" by some Christian Greeks due to their religion; not their ethnic background. Many Cretan Greeks had converted to Islam in the wake of the Ottoman
Cretan_Muslims
Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan Greeks in Armenia Greeks in Georgia Greeks in Russia Greeks in Turkey Ivan Pilijov. Greeks in Azerbaijan Archived 2015-01-27
Greeks_in_Azerbaijan
The island of Cyprus and several regions of Turkey are home to long-standing communities of Greeks in Turkey with their own unique styles of music. Nisiotika
Music_of_Greece
Political concept of unifying Greek and Turkish nations
Intermarium Eurasianism Mediterraneanism Neo-Ottomanism Ottoman Greeks Greeks in Turkey Greek Muslims Turco-Mongol Turco-Persian На перекрестке цивилизаций:
Hellenoturkism
Island in Turkey
Population Census the Greeks had become a minority on the island. In 2014 there were around 300 Greeks and 8,300 Turks. Most of the former Greeks of Imbros and
Imbros
Caucasus in Ottoman Empire) Mübadil (Muslims from Greece in 1923 from Greece to Turkey) Göçmen (Muslims from Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania, Cyprus, Greece after
Immigration_to_Turkey
Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) atrocities
communities. In 1915, The New York Times reported that 19,000 Greeks from the Izmit province had been uprooted from their homes and driven to purely Turkish districts
İzmit_massacres
Greek natives in the Ottoman Empire who were forced to leave
Enlightenment and the subsequent Greek War of Independence, raised the hopes of the Asia Minor Greeks for sovereignty. Many Greeks from Anatolia fought as revolutionaries
Greek_refugees
Ethnic group in Cyprus
by the Greeks against the Turkish populations in Anatolia, and the Greek Occupation of Smyrna, produced further fears for their own future. Greek forces
Turkish_Cypriots
Indo-European language
the territories that have had populations of Greeks since antiquity: Greece, Cyprus, Egypt, Turkey, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and
Greek_language
Eastern Catholic church
Catholics in Greece from 2016 to January 2026. Byzantine Rite Catholic Greeks in Greece number were mildly rising to 6,016 (6,000 in Greece and 16 in Turkey) as
Greek Byzantine Catholic Church
Greek_Byzantine_Catholic_Church
Period of Ottoman rule of Greece
Empire, Greeks had to carry a receipt certifying their payment of jizya at all times or be subject to imprisonment. Most Greeks did not have to serve in the
Ottoman_Greece
been accepted by the Republic of Turkey as defined by the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) and thence strictly limited to Greeks, Jews and Armenians, only based
Demographics_of_Turkey
The flag of Cyprus (Greek: Σημαία της Κύπρου, romanized: Simaía tis Kýprou; Turkish: Kıbrıs bayrağı) came into use on 16 August 1960, under the Zürich
Flag_of_Cyprus
Mediterranean between Greece and Turkey
Kavala in Greece, and İzmir and Bodrum in Turkey. Several issues concerning sovereignty within the Aegean Sea are disputed between Greece and Turkey. The
Aegean_Sea
Ottoman Muslims who immigrated to Anatolia
emigrated from Greece to Turkey, and about 1.3 million Orthodox Christian Greeks from Turkey moved to Greece. The terms "Greek" and "Turkish" were defined
Muhacir
Geo-Political dispute between Greece and Turkey
of 1976 (Greek: Κρίση στο Αιγαίο, romanized: Krísi sto Aigaío, Turkish: Ege kıta sahanlığı krizi) was a confrontation between Greece and Turkey over sovereignty
1976_Aegean_Crisis
Bulgarian-speaking Muslims
inhabiting Bulgaria, northwestern Turkey, and northeastern Greece. The c. 220,000 strong ethno-confessional minority in Bulgaria is recognized officially
Pomaks
Religion in Turkey (Pew 2025 Report) Islam (95%) Other (5%) Religion in Turkey consists of various religious beliefs. Turkey is officially a secular state
Religion_in_Turkey
Combined military forces of Turkey
overarching aim was to achieve a Turkey free of Greeks. Meichanetsidis, Vasileios Th. (2015). "The Genocide of the Greeks of the Ottoman Empire, 1913–1923:
Turkish_Armed_Forces
1942 tax levied on Turkey's non-Muslim citizens
and Istanbul: 72 Years of Life in Turkey. Matador. p. 77. ISBN 978-1848767911. "Those mainly afflicted were the Greeks, Jews, Armenians, Assyrians, and
Varlık_Vergisi
The Greek and Turkish Assistance Act was a bill enacted into law on May 22, 1947. This bill was introduced in the Senate by Senator Arthur Vandenberg
Greek and Turkish Assistance Act of 1947
Greek_and_Turkish_Assistance_Act_of_1947
Book
book by Bruce Clark published in 2006 concerning the population exchange between Greece and Turkey which took place in the early 1920s, following the
Twice A Stranger: How Mass Expulsion Forged Modern Greece and Turkey
Twice_A_Stranger:_How_Mass_Expulsion_Forged_Modern_Greece_and_Turkey
List of books and journal articles about the Greek genocide
thousands of Greeks, including the extermination of Pontian and Anatolian Greeks, the destruction of Smyrna, and widespread ethnic cleansing in Greek areas of
Bibliography of the Greek genocide
Bibliography_of_the_Greek_genocide
Ethnic group
The Greeks in Lebanon (οι Έλληνες στο Λίβανο) had presence in present day Lebanon that dated to ancient history, and the Phoenicians and Greeks (both
Greeks_in_Lebanon
City in Turkey
of Kars. At the same time, many Armenians and Pontic Greeks (here usually called Caucasus Greeks) migrated to the region from the Ottoman Empire and other
Kars
Greek administration of the area around Smyrna/İzmir (1919–1922)
march, by both Greeks in the crowd and Greek troops. British officers in the harbor reported seeing Greek troops bayoneting multiple Turkish prisoners during
Occupation_of_Smyrna
Turkish ethnic minority in Greece
balance between the minority communities of both countries (Turks in Greece and Greeks in Turkey) on reciprocal obligations toward each of those minorities.
Turks_of_Western_Thrace
dominated by Greeks (but there is evidence that they had different names with Rum representing Greeks only). Devshirme was a child levy (in Greek: paidomazoma)
Greece–Ottoman Empire relations
Greece–Ottoman_Empire_relations
De facto state in West Asia and the Mediterranean Sea
(union with Greece), while Turkish Cypriots favoured taksim (partition of the island). A coup d'état in 1974, performed as part of the Greek military junta's
Northern_Cyprus
Coffee brewing method without filters
Turkish coffee (Turkish: Türk kahvesi) is a style of coffee prepared in a pot called a cezve using very finely ground coffee beans without filtering.
Turkish_coffee
Greek-written Turkish dialect of the Karamanlides
world of Greek and Turkish symbiosis". "Kamayim vurdum yere" is a folk dance belonging to the Karamanlides & Turkish-speaking Cappadocian Greeks. Armeno-Turkish
Karamanli_Turkish
Turkish opening of border for migrants
The 2020 Greek–Turkish border crisis along the Evros River began on 28 February when the government of Turkey announced that, in response to the death
2020 Greek–Turkish border crisis
2020_Greek–Turkish_border_crisis
Ethnic group
Black Greeks, also known as Afro-Greeks (Greek: Αφροέλληνες), are Black people who are citizens or residents of Greece. Some families of African descent
Black_Greeks
1922 fire during the Greco-Turkish War
of the Greeks and Armenians were Christians. Moreover, according to various scholars, prior to the war, the city was a center of more Greeks than the
Burning_of_Smyrna
Anatolian Greeks or Pontic Greeks and Caucasus Greeks were required to leave Turkey, and the 400,000 Muslims outside of Thrace, the whole Turks in Greece, Cretan
Muslim_minority_of_Greece
Eastern Catholic ecclesiastical jurisdiction in Turkey
Bishop of Theodoropolis of the Greeks; later Apostolic Exarch of Greek Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Greece (Greece) (June 11, 1932 – November 7, 1957)
Greek Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Istanbul
Greek_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Istanbul
minority languages are officially recognized in the Republic of Turkey by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne and the Turkey-Bulgaria Friendship Treaty (Türkiye ve
Languages_of_Turkey
Pontian Greeks (Pontic: Ῥωμαῖοι, romanized: Romaioi). Pontians are an ethnic group indigenous to the Pontos in modern-day Turkey. They have lived in the area
Pontic_Greek_culture
1923 treaty between Turkey and the Allies
Greek genocide Human rights in Turkey Aftermath of World War I Freedom of religion in Turkey Conspiracy theories in Turkey Greek refugees Greeks in Turkey
Treaty_of_Lausanne
Erbaa. Turkish accounts describe numerous caves in the area which were used by the Pontic Greek guerrillas as shelters and defensive positions. Turkish forces
Seventh_Battle_of_Dazli
Peninsula in northwestern Turkey
back in September 1376. The Greeks living there were allowed to continue their everyday activities. In the 19th century, Gallipoli (Ottoman Turkish: گلیبولو
Gallipoli
People of the Byzantine Empire
In most medieval Bulgarian sources the Byzantine Emperors were the "Tsars of the Greeks" and the Byzantine Empire was known as "Tsardom of the Greeks"
Byzantines
Ethnic cleansing in the Soviet Union
Great in the 18th century. 2) the Greeks who fled from the Erzurum vilayet to Georgia during the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. 3) the Pontic Greeks who
Deportation of the Soviet Greeks
Deportation_of_the_Soviet_Greeks
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