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Free software
GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library (GMP) is a free library for arbitrary-precision arithmetic, operating on signed integers, rational numbers, and
GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library
GNU_Multiple_Precision_Arithmetic_Library
C library for arbitrary-precision floating-point arithmetic
floating-point computation with correct rounding, based on GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library. MPFR's computation is both efficient and has a well-defined
GNU_MPFR
Precision Arithmetic Library GNU MP, p. 6 The GNU MPFR Library MPIR Multiple Precision Integers and Rationals Bignum C++ library Arbitrary precision package
List of C++ multiple precision arithmetic libraries
List_of_C++_multiple_precision_arithmetic_libraries
Programming language
GCC — GNU Compiler Collection Clang — LLVM C compiler MSVC — Microsoft Visual C++ compiler (supports C) TinyCC Turbo C The C standard library provides
Outline of the C programming language
Outline_of_the_C_programming_language
multiple precision arithmetic libraries List of C++ template libraries List of Java frameworks List of JavaScript libraries List of numerical libraries List
List of open-source code libraries
List_of_open-source_code_libraries
lists libraries, applications, and other software which enable or support arbitrary-precision arithmetic. Software that supports arbitrary precision computations:
List of arbitrary-precision arithmetic software
List_of_arbitrary-precision_arithmetic_software
General-purpose programming language
computationally intensive programs. For example, the GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library, the GNU Scientific Library, Mathematica, and MATLAB are completely
C_(programming_language)
C & C++ there are projects like the GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library. The Apache Commons Math library provides rational numbers for Java with
Rational_data_type
Topics referred to by the same term
Minimum Pension, in UK occupational pensions GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library, a software library Granulocyte-macrophage progenitor Guanosine
GMP
Book by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie
standard itself. Appendix B is a summary of the facilities of the standard library. It too is meant for reference by programmers, not implementers. Appendix
The_C_Programming_Language
Notation for expressing numbers
commonly used. For very large integers, for example, the GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library (GMP) uses bases 232 or 264—grouping binary digits by
Numeral_system
Multiprecision integer software library
Multiple Precision Integers and Rationals (MPIR) is an open-source software multiprecision integer library forked from the GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic
MPIR_(mathematics_software)
Floating-point number formats
expressions on the base format. In contrast to extended precision, arbitrary-precision arithmetic refers to implementations of much larger numeric types
Extended_precision
Computer algebra system
compiled with GMP (GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library) providing faster computations than PARI/GP's native arbitrary-precision kernel. PARI/GP's
PARI/GP
Type of arithmetic where output is limited to a fixed range of values
Saturation arithmetic for integers has also been implemented in software for a number of programming languages including C, C++, such as the GNU Compiler
Saturation_arithmetic
embedded web server and networking library Mpg123 — MP3 audio decoding library MPIR — multiple-precision arithmetic library MsQuic — Microsoft implementation
List_of_C_software_and_tools
Pseudorandom number generator
as of 1.7) Unix-likes libraries and software: GLib, GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library, GNU Octave, GNU Scientific Library Other: Microsoft Excel
Mersenne_Twister
Library for numerical analysis in C and C++
The GNU Scientific Library (or GSL) is a software library for numerical computations in applied mathematics and science. The GSL is written in C; wrappers
GNU_Scientific_Library
Computer format for representing real numbers
(fractional part with a minimum 7-bit precision) and _Accum (_Fract with at least 4 bits of integer part). The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) supports this
Fixed-point_arithmetic
IEEE standard for floating-point arithmetic
accuracy or implement multiple-precision arithmetic subroutines relatively easily. A property of the single- and double-precision formats is that their
IEEE_754
Computer approximation for real numbers
In computing, floating-point arithmetic (FP) is arithmetic on subsets of real numbers formed by a significand (a signed sequence of a fixed number of
Floating-point_arithmetic
Arbitrary-precision calculator supporting interactive and scripted use
commands dc and bc for multiple-precision-arithmetic. SIGNUM Newsl. 28, 2 (Apr. 1993), 8–11. Collection of useful GNU bc functions GNU bc (and an alpha version)
Bc_(programming_language)
Computational software program
(version 5, 2003), and by adopting the GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library to evaluate high-precision arithmetic. Version 5.2 (2005) added automatic
Wolfram_Mathematica
Exponentation in modular arithmetic
BC Math library has a bcpowmod() function [4] to perform modular exponentiation The GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library (GMP) library contains
Modular_exponentiation
Algorithm to smooth data points
PCCC employs rational number calculations, by using GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library, and yields a fully accurate C, in the rational number
Savitzky–Golay_filter
Method for bounding the errors of numerical computations
A library for the functional language OCaml was written in assembly language and C. MPFI is a library for arbitrary precision interval arithmetic; it
Interval_arithmetic
Microprocessor
Granlund, Torbjörn (November 14, 2020). The GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library (PDF) (Ed. 6.2.1 ed.). GNU Project. p. 13. Archived (PDF) from the original
Motorola_68000
Functional programming language
facilities for user-defined operator syntax, macros, arbitrary-precision arithmetic (multiple-precision numbers), and compiling to native code through the LLVM
Pure_(programming_language)
Algorithm for integer factorization
implementation of the Lenstra algorithm based on the GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library. It has been continually updated, with the latest version
Lenstra elliptic-curve factorization
Lenstra_elliptic-curve_factorization
Replacing a number with a simpler value
rounding to nearest only. This library uses up to 768 bits of working precision. It was included in the GNU C Library in 2001, but the "slow paths" (providing
Rounding
Concise notation for large or small numbers
(f77), Intel Fortran, Compaq/Digital Visual Fortran, and GNU Fortran (gfortran) "Double Precision, REAL**16". DEC Fortran 77 Manual. Digital Equipment Corporation
Scientific_notation
Probabilistic primality testing algorithm
The SymPy library does implement this. As of 6.2.0, GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library's mpz_probab_prime_p function uses a Baillie-PSW test and
Baillie–PSW_primality_test
Operation common in numerical signal processing
mathematical precision. That is, digital floating-point arithmetic is generally not associative or distributive. (See Floating-point arithmetic § Accuracy
Multiply–accumulate_operation
Type of parallel processing
multiply instruction. "SIMD library math functions". Stack Overflow. Retrieved 16 January 2020. "Vector Extensions". Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)
Single instruction, multiple data
Single_instruction,_multiple_data
capabilities. FreeMat is an alternative to MATLAB. The GNU Scientific Library (or GSL) is a software library for numerical computations in applied mathematics
List of open-source software for mathematics
List_of_open-source_software_for_mathematics
hdl:10317/17584.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Gough, B. (2009). GNU scientific library reference manual. Network Theory Ltd
Comparison of linear algebra libraries
Comparison_of_linear_algebra_libraries
Free and open-source calculator software
software List of open-source software for mathematics List of arbitrary-precision arithmetic software Comparison of software calculators "libqalculate ChangeLog"
Qalculate!
Data types supported by the C programming language
provides basic arithmetic types, such as integer and real number types, and syntax to build array and compound types. The C standard library contains additional
C_data_types
Computer algebra system
exponentials, with the GNU m4 preprocessor. Not currently implemented are general functions such as f(x), arbitrary-precision and interval arithmetic, as well as
Mathomatic
General-purpose programming language
optimization which reordered the machine code instructions to keep multiple internal arithmetic units busy simultaneously. Another example is CFD, a special
Fortran
Value for unrepresentable data
"ArithmeticException (Java Platform SE 8)". docs.oracle.com. "Math::BigInt". perldoc.perl.org. Retrieved 12 June 2015. "Parsing of Floats (The GNU C
NaN
Multi-Precision Library is a library for doing arbitrary-precision arithmetic. hypre (High Performance Preconditioners) is an open-source library of routines
List_of_numerical_libraries
Computer algebra system
GiNaC uses the CLN library for implementing arbitrary-precision arithmetic. Symbolically, it can do multivariate polynomial arithmetic, factor polynomials
GiNaC
List of notable software written in or for the C++ programming language
system that uses Class Library for Numbers for implementing arbitrary-precision arithmetic GLFW — OpenGL and window management library HarfBuzz — text rendering
List of C++ software and tools
List_of_C++_software_and_tools
Cryptographic software library
fundamental cryptographic building blocks: Libgcrypt features its own multiple precision arithmetic implementation, with assembler implementations for a variety
Libgcrypt
Software used in mathematical applications
NMath and NAG libraries; a free alternative is the GNU Scientific Library. A different approach is taken by the Numerical Recipes library, where emphasis
Mathematical_software
Algorithm in numerical analysis
know about floating-point arithmetic" (PDF), ACM Computing Surveys, 23 (1): 5–48, doi:10.1145/103162.103163, S2CID 222008826. GNU Compiler Collection manual
Kahan_summation_algorithm
General-purpose programming language
numbers, arithmetic with arbitrary-precision decimals, manipulating regular expressions, and unit testing. Some parts of the standard library are covered
Python_(programming_language)
Form of text that defines C code
instance, GCC and Clang have attributes under the gnu:: namespace, and all such attributes are of the form [[gnu::*]], though C does not have support for namespacing
C_syntax
System of digitally encoding numbers
increase in the complexity of the circuits needed to implement basic arithmetic as well as slightly less dense storage. BCD was used in many early decimal
Binary-coded_decimal
environment INTLAB Library made by MATLAB/GNU Octave kv Library made by C++. This library can obtain multiple precision outputs by using GNU MPFR. kv on GitHub
Validated_numerics
Family of RISC-based computer architectures
the FPA achieves conformance in single-precision arithmetic [...] Occasionally, double- and extended-precision multiplications may be produced with an
Arm_architecture_family
Programming language
A variety of libraries are directly accessible from OCaml. For example, OCaml has a built-in library for arbitrary-precision arithmetic. As the factorial
OCaml
Type of Linux installation
take much longer to build than binutils, including the GNU C Library (rated at 4.2 SBUs) and the GNU Compiler Collection (rated at 11 SBUs). The unit must
Linux_from_Scratch
Instructions for the x86 microprocessors
instruction on multiple pieces of data (see SIMD). Each YMM register can hold and do simultaneous operations (math) on: eight 32-bit single-precision floating-point
Advanced_Vector_Extensions
Set of computer software and specifications
projects (e.g. GNU Classpath and Apache Harmony) created free software partial Java implementations, the large size of the Sun libraries combined with
Java_(software_platform)
Class of mathematical software
interface are available. Tela is a software package similar to MATLAB and GNU Octave, but designed specifically for tensors. Tensor is a tensor package
Tensor_software
programs that provide a better user interface, such as the general-purpose GNU TeXmacs. Below is a summary of significantly developed symbolic functionality
List of computer algebra systems
List_of_computer_algebra_systems
Collection of classes and functions used in the C++ programming language
Standard Library 4.1.0) STLport C++ Standard Library documentation The GNU C++ Library online documentation LLVM/Clang C++ Standard Library documentation
C++_Standard_Library
Java virtual machine
implementations, in the past Kaffe used GNU Multi-Precision Library (GMP) to support arbitrary precision arithmetic. This feature has been removed from release
Kaffe
Comparison between two programming languages
cppreference.com. Retrieved 13 April 2026. GNU Compiler Collection. "Exceptions: Chapter 3. Using". gcc.gnu.org. GNU Compiler Collection. Retrieved 13 April
Comparison_of_Java_and_C++
64-bit extension of the ARM architecture
cryptography instructions supporting AES, SHA-1/SHA-256 and finite field arithmetic. An ARMv8-A processor can support one or both of AArch32 and AArch64;
AArch64
Procedural, imperative computer programming language
variables): The arithmetic type comprises these attributes: The base, scale, precision and scale factor of the Picture-for-arithmetic type is encoded
PL/I
Open-source CPU instruction set architecture
instructions in different stages of execution. This choice makes multiple-precision arithmetic more complex. Also, a few numerical tasks need more energy.
RISC-V
Family of instruction set architectures
"the biggest x86 addition since 64 bits". Intel contributed APX support to GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 14. Also Microsoft Visual Studio 2026 added APX
X86
Instruction set architecture
paired for double precision numbers. Odd numbered registers cannot be used for arithmetic or branching, just as part of a double precision register pair,
MIPS_architecture
Number of nonzero symbols in a string
uses fewer arithmetic operations than any other known //implementation on machines with slow multiplication. //This algorithm uses 17 arithmetic operations
Hamming_weight
R software and development tools
provides a replacement and extension of the optim Rmpfr — multiple-precision floating-point arithmetic dplyr — data manipulation toolkit edgeR — differential
List_of_R_software_and_tools
Algorithm for generating pseudo-randomized numbers
srand—pseudo-random numbers". Newlib git repository. Retrieved 2024-01-13. "GNU Scientific Library: gsl_rng_vax". The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7 IEEE Std
Linear_congruential_generator
Dialect of Lisp programming language
was released around version 6.3.0. In 2006, 64-bit precision was introduced for integer arithmetic and for some operations on files in version 9.0. Since
NewLISP
Criticism of the Java programming language and Java software platform
the handling of unsigned numbers, the implementation of floating-point arithmetic, and a history of security vulnerabilities in the primary Java VM implementation
Criticism_of_Java
Method for finding largest (or smallest) eigenvalues
stable compared to the Lanczos method, and can operate in low-precision computer arithmetic. Easy to implement, with many versions already appeared. Blocking
LOBPCG
Probability distribution
iterations to calculate the function with 16 digits of precision when x = 10). The GNU Scientific Library calculates values of the standard normal cumulative
Normal_distribution
Programming language standard
hardware and implementation, permitting more efficient arithmetic than on big integers or arbitrary precision types. Similarly, the compiler can be told on a
Common_Lisp
Dialect of Lisp
that provides Guile bindings to its library stack. There is a project to incorporate Guile into GNU Emacs, GNU's flagship program, replacing the current
Scheme_(programming_language)
"scalars". ^e PHP has two arbitrary-precision libraries. The BCMath library just uses strings as datatype. The GMP library uses an internal "resource" type
Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions)
Comparison_of_programming_languages_(basic_instructions)
solution of physical problems based on the deal.II library University of West Bohemia 2025 2025-06-06 GNU GPL Free Linux, Windows CalculiX It is an Open Source
List of finite element software packages
List_of_finite_element_software_packages
32-bit RISC CPU architecture
patch level from the GNU Compiler Collection point of view. The main purpose of this change is to implement saturation arithmetic at customers' request
V850
Multi-platform general-purpose programming language designed by Thomas Mertez in 2005
as call by name, multiple dispatch, function overloading, operator overloading, exception handling and arbitrary-precision arithmetic. Major features include:
Seed7
International standards for dates and times
virtually identical to the prior specification pioneered by the US Library of Congress. GNU CoreUtils's date command has an --iso-8601 option among other formating
ISO_8601
release RAR can store modification, creation and last access time with the precision up to 0.0000001 second (0.1 μs). WIM can store the ciphertext of encrypted
List_of_archive_formats
Number Generation in the GNU Scientific Library Reference Manual Random Number Generation Routines in the NAG Numerical Library Chris Lomont's overview
List of random number generators
List_of_random_number_generators
List of x86 microprocessor instructions
onwards, it only got assigned the mnemonic UD2 from Pentium Pro onwards. GNU Binutils have used the UD2A and UD2B mnemonics for the 0F 0B and 0F B9 opcodes
List_of_x86_instructions
Matrix decomposition method
diagonal entries of L to be positive. C programming language: the GNU Scientific Library provides several implementations of Cholesky decomposition. Maxima
Cholesky_decomposition
Number measuring the chance an event occurs
Grinstead, Laurie Snell Source Archived 25 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine (GNU Free Documentation License) (in English and Italian) Bruno de Finetti, Probabilità
Probability
File format
full-precision image and gamma-corrected tone-mapped 8-bit base image layer. These tools are intended for high dynamic range imaging with multiple photo
JPEG_XT
Type of feedforward neural network
course on CNNs in computer vision vdumoulin/conv_arithmetic: A technical report on convolution arithmetic in the context of deep learning. Animations of
Convolutional_neural_network
Units that are not part of a coherent system
the milliCrab (mCrab) may be used. One crab is approximately 24 pW/m2. GNU Units, a unit conversion program, which supports many uncommon units List
List of non-coherent units of measurement
List_of_non-coherent_units_of_measurement
Family of programming languages
(32/64-bit) integers are boxed. As required by ISLISP, arbitrary-precision arithmetic (bignums) are also implemented. Characters (hence strings) are either
OpenLisp
Extension of the factorial function
functions libraries, for example TK Solver, Matlab, GNU Octave, and the GNU Scientific Library. The gamma function was also added to the C standard library (math
Gamma_function
French mathematician
develop efficient arithmetic, in a general context and in particular in the context of algebraic curves of small genus; arithmetic on polynomials of very
Paul Zimmermann (mathematician)
Paul_Zimmermann_(mathematician)
Statistical method of dividing data into equal-sized intervals for analysis
equivalently is the k-th q-quantile for p = k/q), where μ is the distribution's arithmetic mean, and where σ is the distribution's standard deviation. In particular
Quantile
Probabilistic primality test
algorithm step-by-step) Applet (German) Miller–Rabin primality test in C# Miller–Rabin primality test in JavaScript using arbitrary precision arithmetic
Miller–Rabin_primality_test
Family of computers 1970–1990
the result when dividing; optional 128-bit (hexadecimal) floating-point arithmetic, introduced in the System/360 Model 85 a new higher-resolution time-of-day
IBM_System/370
Scientific area at the interface between computer science and mathematics
Implementation". October 2006. Retrieved 2023-11-29. "The GNU Multiple Precision (GMP) Library". Maplesoft. Retrieved 2023-11-29. Cassidy, Kevin G. (Dec
Computer_algebra
CISC microprocessor
six-stage pipeline, built-in memory-management unit, and floating-point arithmetic. It was manufactured using a two-layer aluminum CMOS process technology
NEC_V60
Algorithm for multiplying large numbers
from GMP documentation: "Toom 3-Way Multiplication". GNU MP multiple precision arithmetic library (version 6.3.0) manual. Free Software Foundation, Inc
Toom–Cook_multiplication
Class of software bugs
date calculation or display. These are most commonly manifestations of arithmetic overflow, but can also be the result of other issues. The best-known consequence
Time formatting and storage bugs
Time_formatting_and_storage_bugs
Method of data analysis
both the Fortran versions of the Library). NMath – Proprietary numerical library containing PCA for the .NET Framework. GNU Octave – Free software computational
Principal_component_analysis
Matrix decomposition
singular value decomposition. The same algorithm is implemented in the GNU Scientific Library (GSL). The GSL also offers an alternative method that uses a one-sided
Singular_value_decomposition
GNU MULTIPLE-PRECISION-ARITHMETIC-LIBRARY
GNU MULTIPLE-PRECISION-ARITHMETIC-LIBRARY
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Multiple
Boy/Male
Hebrew American Latin
God will multiply.
Boy/Male
Hebrew
God will multiply.
Boy/Male
Hebrew Gaelic
God will multiply.
Boy/Male
Hebrew
God will multiply.
Female
Egyptian
, child of Nu.
Boy/Male
Hebrew
God will multiply.
Girl/Female
Hebrew
God will multiply.
Male
Babylonian
, Anu, is prince; Anammelech.
Female
Thai/Siamese
Thai name A-GUN means "grape."
Boy/Male
Hebrew
God will multiply.
Boy/Male
Hebrew Spanish
God will multiply.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Multiple lights. Luster.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Un Countable; Multiple; Countless
Boy/Male
Australian, Vietnamese
Many; Multiple
Female
Finnish
Estonian and Finnish pet form of Greek Hanna, ANU means "favor; grace."
Boy/Male
Hebrew
God shall multiply.
Boy/Male
Hebrew
God will multiply.
Boy/Male
Hebrew Spanish
God will multiply.
Boy/Male
Hebrew
God will multiply.
GNU MULTIPLE-PRECISION-ARITHMETIC-LIBRARY
GNU MULTIPLE-PRECISION-ARITHMETIC-LIBRARY
Boy/Male
Tamil
One who bestows peace, Name of a himalayan peak, Abode of Shiva
Girl/Female
Australian, French, German, Latin
War Goddess; Universal; Complete
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from various places such as Headon, Nottinghamshire, Hedon in East Yorkshire, and Heddon on the Wall and Black Heddon. Northumberland. The first is probably named from Old English hēah ‘high’ + dūn ‘hill’; the others have the same second element, combined with Old English hǣþ ‘heath’, ‘heather’.North German (Frisian) : variant of Hadden.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, French
My Judge is God
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit, Traditional
With Divine Beauty
Boy/Male
Greek Latin
One of the attackers of Thehes.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, German, Norse, Teutonic
Thunder Ruler; Powerful; Thor; The God of Thunder; Follower of Thor
Boy/Male
Gaelic
Fair skinned.
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Daughter of Snow
Girl/Female
Tamil
Tushhyathi | தà¯à®‚à®·à¯à®¯à®¤à¯€
To be pleased
GNU MULTIPLE-PRECISION-ARITHMETIC-LIBRARY
GNU MULTIPLE-PRECISION-ARITHMETIC-LIBRARY
GNU MULTIPLE-PRECISION-ARITHMETIC-LIBRARY
GNU MULTIPLE-PRECISION-ARITHMETIC-LIBRARY
GNU MULTIPLE-PRECISION-ARITHMETIC-LIBRARY
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Multiply
a.
Manifold; multiple.
imp. & p. p.
of Multiply
a.
Cutting off; (Logic) exactly limiting by cutting off all that is not absolutely relative to the purpose; as, precisive censure; precisive abstraction.
n.
Want of precision.
n.
A book containing the principles of this science.
a.
Of or pertaining to arithmetic; according to the rules or method of arithmetic.
n.
The number by which another number is multiplied; a multiplier.
v. t.
To supply with food; to victual; as, to provision a garrison.
n.
The quality of being decided; prompt and fixed determination; unwavering firmness; as, to manifest great decision.
n.
One skilled in arithmetic.
n.
The science of numbers; the art of computation by figures.
n.
One who, or that which, multiplies or increases number.
n.
The act of revising; reexamination for correction; review; as, the revision of a book or writing, or of a proof sheet; a revision of statutes.
n.
The number by which another number is multiplied. See the Note under Multiplication.
n.
An account or report of a conclusion, especially of a legal adjudication or judicial determination of a question or cause; as, a decision of arbitrators; a decision of the Supreme Court.
n.
Foresight of consequences, and provision against them; prevision; premeditation.
v. t.
To add (any given number or quantity) to itself a certain number of times; to find the product of by multiplication; thus 7 multiplied by 8 produces the number 56; to multiply two numbers. See the Note under Multiplication.
n.
Arithmetic.
a.
Having many flues; as, a multiflue boiler. See Boiler.