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Geographic information systems (GIS) play a constantly evolving role in geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) and United States national security. These technologies
GIS in geospatial intelligence
GIS_in_geospatial_intelligence
Information on military opponents' location
Geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) is intelligence about the human activity on Earth derived from the exploitation and analysis of imagery, signals, or signatures
Geospatial_intelligence
System to capture, manage, and present geographic data
development. Geographic information systems (GIS) play a constantly evolving role in geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) and United States national security
Geographic_information_system
US DoD division
geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) to support national security. Founded in 1996 as the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), it changed names in
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency
Standard for encoding geographical information
as the USGS or National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency), GIS software vendors, standards bodies such as the Open Geospatial Consortium, informal user
GIS_file_format
Data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location
Remote sensing Spatial data analysis Surveying Topography Geospatial analysis Geospatial intelligence Earth observation data Geographic feature Geomatics engineering
Geographic data and information
Geographic_data_and_information
American scientific software company
NV5 Geospatial Software develops products for the visualization, analysis, and management of geospatial imagery and scientific data. The company develops
NV5_Geospatial_Solutions
Geographic information system software
information system (GIS) software. QGIS supports Windows, macOS, and Linux. It supports viewing, editing, printing, and analysis of geospatial data in a range of
QGIS
company based in Sterling, Virginia with offices in Atlanta, Georgia, and the UK that develops location intelligence, geospatial collaboration, GIS applications
TerraGo
View Geospatial (EVG), formerly East View Cartographic (EVC), is a provider of worldwide maps, geospatial data and geographic information systems (GIS) services
East_View_Geospatial
American geospatial software company
2015, Esri is one of the world's leading suppliers of GIS software, web GIS, local intelligence, and geodatabase management applications. The company
Esri
Type of geographic information system
information systems in geospatial intelligence Geodatabase (Esri) Geomatics GIS and aquatic science GIS and public health GISCorps GIS Day GIS in archaeology
Distributed_GIS
U.S. intelligence and covert action agency
analyzing intelligence from around the world and conducting covert operations. The agency is headquartered in the George Bush Center for Intelligence in Langley
Central_Intelligence_Agency
Family of proprietary spatial database formats
archaeology GIS and aquatic science GIS in geospatial intelligence GIS and public health List of GIS data sources List of GIS software Map database management
Geodatabase_(Esri)
Intelligence gathered by means of imagery
from space GIS in GEOINT Geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) National Collection of Aerial Photography (NCAP) National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (American
Imagery_intelligence
a list of GIS data sources (including some geoportals) that provide information sets that can be used in geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial
List_of_GIS_data_sources
Geographic information system maintained by Esri
released in 1982 as ARC/INFO, a command line-based GIS. ARC/INFO was later merged into ArcGIS Desktop, which was eventually superseded by ArcGIS Pro in 2015
ArcGIS
Database of data representing objects in geometric space
extensions, and some GIS software vendors have developed their own spatial extensions to database management systems. The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
Spatial_database
proposed geospatial extensions to ISO 32000, making them readable by applications such as Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Reader, Avenza PDF Maps, Touch GIS, Global
GeoPDF
British military intelligence organisation
Joint Air Reconnaissance Intelligence Centre (JARIC)) and then known for several years as the Defence Geospatial Intelligence Fusion Centre, it can trace
Defence Intelligence Fusion Centre
Defence_Intelligence_Fusion_Centre
Combined intelligence agency of the Finnish military
underrättelsetjänst) is the combined signals (SIGINT), geospatial (GEOINT) and imagery intelligence (IMINT) agency of the Finnish Defence Forces. Operational
Finnish Defence Intelligence Agency
Finnish_Defence_Intelligence_Agency
American technology provider
measurements, and geospatial intelligence based in Rochester, New York. The company was founded by Chris Pershing and Dave Carlson in 2008. EagleView merged
EagleView_Technologies
In business intelligence, location intelligence (LI), or spatial intelligence, is the process of deriving meaningful insight from geospatial data relationships
Location_intelligence
Organisation (DIO) Australian Signals Directorate (ASD) Australian Geospatial-Intelligence Organisation (AGO) Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung (BMLV):
List_of_intelligence_agencies
Scientific discipline
systems (GIS), which are the actual repositories of geospatial data, the software tools for carrying out relevant tasks, and the profession of GIS users
Geographic information science
Geographic_information_science
XML notation for geographic features
Inc, which was acquired by Google in 2004. KML became an international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium in 2008. Google Earth was the first program
Keyhole_Markup_Language
Cloud computing platform
Intelligence platform due to its tools for geospatial data analysis and visualization that do not require advanced GIS or development experience. As a cloud-native
Carto_(company)
Intelligence-gathering by interception of signals
of 2008 Geospatial intelligence Human intelligence (espionage) Imagery intelligence Intelligence Branch (Canadian Forces) List of intelligence gathering
Signals_intelligence
Geo-spatial intelligence organisation within the Australian Department of Defence
The Australian Geospatial-Intelligence Organisation (AGO) is an Australian government intelligence agency that is part of the Department of Defence responsible
Australian Geospatial-Intelligence Organisation
Australian_Geospatial-Intelligence_Organisation
American software company
engineering & GIS industries. In mid-1985, three Pacific Northwest photogrammetric firms combined resources to create DAT/EM Systems International based in Anchorage
DAT/EM_Systems_International
Intelligence directorate of the Indian Air Force
The Directorate of Air Intelligence (DAI) is the air-intelligence directorate of the Indian Air Force (IAF). It forms part of the staff structure at Air
Directorate of Air Intelligence
Directorate_of_Air_Intelligence
Business unit of Raytheon Company
Global Intelligence Solutions (GIS) mission area develops and integrates large-scale, high-performance signals intelligence (SIGINT), geospatial intelligence
Raytheon Intelligence, Information and Services
Raytheon_Intelligence,_Information_and_Services
Anglosphere intelligence alliance
(SIGINT) and often involves military intelligence (MILINT), human intelligence (HUMINT), and geospatial intelligence (GEOINT). The following table provides
Five_Eyes
Geospatial software programs
purpose of collecting and disseminating geospatial intelligence. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) is a user of RemoteView software. RemoteView
RemoteView
American corporation
Asset Lifecycle Intelligence (ALI, formerly PPM), Hexagon Safety & Infrastructure, and Hexagon Geospatial. The company's headquarters is in Huntsville, Alabama
Intergraph
Agency dealing with secret intelligence
An intelligence agency is a government agency responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement
Intelligence_agency
Information about military opponents
Military intelligence is a military discipline that uses information collection and analysis approaches to provide guidance and direction to assist commanders
Military_intelligence
Military unit
Exército; CIGeoE) is the military geographical, cartographical and geospatial intelligence agency of the Portuguese Army. The main mission of the CIGeoE is
Army Geospatial Information Center
Army_Geospatial_Information_Center
Intelligence agency of the United Kingdom
comprised: The National Centre for Geospatial Intelligence (NCGI), formerly known as the Defence Geospatial Intelligence Fusion Centre (DGIFC) and prior
Defence_Intelligence
Techniques to study geometric data
utilizes geospatial and hydrospatial analysis in a variety of contexts, operations and applications. Geospatial and Hydrospatial analysis, using GIS, was
Spatial_analysis
American business executive (born 1957)
Shea is also a co-founder of the United States Geospatial Intelligence Foundation (USGIF). Shea was born in Queens, New York, and attended Mineola High School
Stu_Shea
"Beyond CRM: Location intelligence", iStart, retrieved 2009-12-01. "GIS/Geospatial Industry Worldwide Growth Slows to 1% in 2009". Daratech Inc. 2009-08-19
Esri_Australia
Controversies involving the Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has been the subject of a number of controversies, both in and outside of the United States. Legacy of Ashes: The
List_of_CIA_controversies
Data pack for unclassified military digital imagery
commercial imagery that has been orthonormalized using the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)'s DTED. CIB is RPF and NITF compliant. (Source: FAS)
Controlled_image_base
Disclosures of NSA and related global espionage
Kurdistan, the agency collaborated with GCHQ and the U.S.'s National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, collecting radio transmissions between aircraft and airports
Snowden_disclosures
Hexagon Geospatial's (a division of Intergraph Corporation) GeoMedia Professional is a geographic information system (GIS) management solution for map
GeoMedia
Application of information science methods in geography and geosciences
(GIS), photo interpretation of aerial photographs, and Web mining. Geoinformatics combines geospatial analysis and modeling, development of geospatial
Geoinformatics
Russian computer scientist
named to the IEEE Visualization Academy in 2022. Author biography from Geospatial Visualisation, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, Springer
Natalia_Andrienko
Vector-based collection of geographic information system (GIS) data about Earth
information system (GIS) data about Earth at various levels of detail. Level 0 (low resolution) coverage is global and entirely in the public domain. Level
Vector_Map
Situational awareness tool developed by NATO
interim geospatial intelligence support tool". In Carapezza, Edward M (ed.). Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Technologies
IGeoSIT
Security agencies of the Australian Government
Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS), Defence Intelligence Organisation (DIO), Australian Signals Directorate (ASD), Australian Geospatial-Intelligence Organisation
Australian intelligence community
Australian_intelligence_community
United States Navy agency
The Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) is the military intelligence agency of the United States Navy. Established in 1882 primarily to advance the Navy's
Office_of_Naval_Intelligence
The Structured Geospatial Analytic Method (SGAM) is both as an analytic method and pedagogy for the Geospatial Intelligence professional. This model was
Structured Geospatial Analytic Method
Structured_Geospatial_Analytic_Method
U.S. DoD combat support agency
Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) is an intelligence agency and combat support agency of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) specializing in military
Defense_Intelligence_Agency
American defense industry venture capital firm
companies to keep the US Intelligence Community equipped with the latest in information technology in support of United States intelligence capability. The corporation
In-Q-Tel
Main component of geospatial processing programs suite
transportation. In addition, GE provides a number of cross-industry and integration tools, including: GeoSpatial Analysis for geospatial business intelligence with
Smallworld
American philosopher
information science (GIS). In this connection Smith introduced the idea of fiat objects to describe (often rectangular) geospatial entities, such as postal
Barry_Smith_(ontologist)
Swedish tech company
Asset Lifecycle Intelligence, Autonomous Solutions, Geosystems, Manufacturing Intelligence, and Safety, Infrastructure & Geospatial.[non-primary source
Hexagon_AB
stack. Comparison of GIS software GIS Spatial analysis Spatial network analysis software "Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial Information Systems
List of spatial analysis software
List_of_spatial_analysis_software
Geospatial and graph component of Oracle Database
referred to as its "geometry".) The Oracle Spatial geospatial data features consist of: a schema - MDSYS (as in "multi-dimensional system") - that prescribes
Oracle_Spatial_and_Graph
Geodetic reference system
United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. Efforts to supplement the various national surveying systems began in the 19th century with F
World_Geodetic_System
DoD standard mapping toolkit for C2I software
primary component of CJMTK is Esri's complete ArcGIS platform. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) is the U.S. Government program manager
Commercial Joint Mapping Toolkit
Commercial_Joint_Mapping_Toolkit
Process of collecting geospatial data from a mobile vehicle
Mobile mapping is the process of collecting geospatial data from a mobile vehicle, typically fitted with a range of GNSS, photographic, radar, laser, LiDAR
Mobile_mapping
Pakistan Air Force's intelligence agency
in Islamabad, Pakistan. It was established in 1948. The AI is responsible for the formulation of the aerial intelligence picture, and participates in
Air_Intelligence_(Pakistan)
U.S. Army's branch for military intelligence
The Military Intelligence Corps is the intelligence branch of the United States Army. The primary mission of military intelligence in the U.S. Army is
Military Intelligence Corps (United States Army)
Military_Intelligence_Corps_(United_States_Army)
Indian-American computer scientist
spatial computing, spatial data science, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Contributions include scalable roadmap storage methods and algorithms for
Shashi_Shekhar_(scientist)
Collaborative fantasy map
Contributor Bans". In Valcik, Nicolas A. (ed.). Geospatial Information System Use in Public Organizations: How and Why GIS Should be Used in the Public Sector
OpenGeofiction
Australian signals intelligence agency
Australian Intelligence Community, and its role within the so-called Five Eyes intelligence-sharing alliance is to monitor signals intelligence in South and
Australian Signals Directorate
Australian_Signals_Directorate
OLAP database developed by Kinetica DB, Inc
streaming geospatial and temporal data. In 2009, Amit Vij and Nima Neghaban founded GIS Federal, a developer of software they called GPUdb. The GIS stood
Kinetica_(software)
(spatial ETL), also known as geospatial transformation and load (GTL), is a process for managing and manipulating geospatial data, for example map data
Spatial_ETL
Spatial scientist, modeler, and author
primarily in the fields of remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), complex modelling, machine learning and Artificial intelligence (AI) based
Biswajeet_Pradhan
Digital dataset standard
DTED is a standard National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) product that provides medium resolution, quantitative data in a digital format for military
DTED
Australian military intelligence agency
the Australian Intelligence Community and is part of the Defence Intelligence Group (DIG) with the Australian Geospatial-Intelligence Organisation (AGO)
Defence Intelligence Organisation
Defence_Intelligence_Organisation
Python library for geographic vector data
Crickard, Paul; van Rees, Eric (April 2018). Mastering Geospatial Analysis with Python: Explore GIS Processing and Learn to Work with GeoDjango, CARTOframes
GeoPandas
Symbolic depiction of spatial relationships
use in its online zoomable global map. The projection has been criticized by the European Petroleum Survey Group and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
Map
Python package for street network analysis
"OpenStreetMap: Accessing Geospatial Data with OSMnx". Python for Geospatial Data Analysis: Theory, Tools, and Practice for Location Intelligence. O'Reilly Media
OSMnx
Iranian-American computer scientist
Shahabi: Toward Foundation Models for Mobility Enriched Geospatially Embedded Objects. SIGSPATIAL/GIS 2025: 774-779 Maria Despoina Siampou, Jialiang Li, John
Cyrus_Shahabi
Intelligence agency in the U.S. State Department
The Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) is an intelligence agency in the United States Department of State. Its central mission is to provide all-source
Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Bureau_of_Intelligence_and_Research
Earth observation and geospatial analysis at the Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (Z_GIS). His researcher profile appears in the University's departmental
Dr._Sapiens_Ndatabaye
The CFANR has a Geospatial Science Lab. This lab is central to the unit's research in the areas of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning
University of Arkansas at Monticello College of Forestry and Natural Resources
University_of_Arkansas_at_Monticello_College_of_Forestry_and_Natural_Resources
Data about other data
Geospatial metadata relates to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) files, maps, images, and other data that is location-based. Metadata is used in GIS
Metadata
Integration of multiple data sources to provide better information
systems-level information fusion design. In the geospatial (GIS) domain, data fusion is often synonymous with data integration. In these applications, there is often
Data_fusion
Joint Geospatial Support Facility (JGSF), is a joint team led by the Defence Force in collaboration with the GCSB. It is responsible for geospatial intelligence
New Zealand intelligence agencies
New_Zealand_intelligence_agencies
Source of statistical bias
Techniques in Modern Geography Counter-mapping Distributed GIS Geographic information systems in geospatial intelligence GIS and aquatic science GIS and public
Uncertain geographic context problem
Uncertain_geographic_context_problem
US Department of Homeland Security office
The Office of Intelligence and Analysis (I&A) is the civilian national intelligence component of the United States Department of Homeland Security and
DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis
DHS_Office_of_Intelligence_and_Analysis
Information gathering to prevent or monitor criminal activity
Criminal intelligence is information compiled, analyzed, and/or disseminated in an effort to anticipate, prevent, or monitor criminal activity. The United
Criminal_intelligence
Intelligence assessment of accounting and financial transactions
Generally the term applies in the context of law enforcement and related activities. One of the main purposes of financial intelligence is to identify financial
Financial_intelligence
ONI center of excellence
Nimitz Operational Intelligence Center on geospatial-intelligence (GEOINT) support to the fleet and other Nimitz Operational Intelligence Center priority
Nimitz Operational Intelligence Center
Nimitz_Operational_Intelligence_Center
Mercator variant map projection
the United States Department of Defense through the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency has declared this map projection to be unacceptable for
Web_Mercator_projection
Computing paradigm emphasizing 3D spatial interaction with technology
in the field of GIS around 1985 or earlier to describe computations on large-scale geospatial information. Early examples of spatial computing in GIS
Spatial_computing
3D software model or representation of Earth or another world
the Central Intelligence Corporation (CIC). The CIC uses their virtual globe as a user interface for keeping track of all their geospatial data, including
Virtual_globe
U.S. signals intelligence organization
information and data for intelligence and counterintelligence purposes, specializing in a discipline known as signals intelligence (SIGINT). The NSA is also
National_Security_Agency
Aeronautical data exchange format
the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the US National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA) and the European Organisation for the Safety of Air
AIXM
Multi-purpose grid reference system used in the United States
Safety GIS (NAPSG). "USNG and Pre-Scripted MIssions" (PDF). Retrieved 15 April 2019. Delta State University (September 2017). "DSU Geospatial Information
United_States_National_Grid
Set of geospatial design concepts and methods
discussions at a workshop on Spatial Concepts in GIS and Design in December 2008 and the GeoDesign Summit in January 2010. GeoDesign Summit 2010 Conference
Geodesign
Project to create a digital topographic database of Earth
Mission is an international project spearheaded by the U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), an agency of the U.S. Department of Defense, and
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
Shuttle_Radar_Topography_Mission
Software projects developed at universities
sensing software developed by Clark Labs (Clark) Whitebox Geospatial Analysis Tools – GIS and remote sensing software (Guelph) Alpine – email client
List of software developed at universities
List_of_software_developed_at_universities
Technical intelligence agency of India
Technical Research Organisation (NTRO) is a technical intelligence agency of India. It was set up in 2004. The agency reports to the National Security Advisor
National Technical Research Organisation
National_Technical_Research_Organisation
Process of turning a place name/address to coordinates
become more user-oriented, especially via open-source GIS software. Mapping applications and geospatial data had become more accessible over the Internet
Address_geocoding
Australian domestic intelligence agency
alongside the Australian Secret Intelligence Service, Australian Signals Directorate and Australian Geospatial-Intelligence Organisation. ASIO has the power
Australian Security Intelligence Organisation
Australian_Security_Intelligence_Organisation
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