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Data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location
geographic location or geographic position). It is also called geospatial data and information,[citation needed] georeferenced data and information,[citation
Geographic data and information
Geographic_data_and_information
System to capture, manage, and present geographic data
A geographic information system (GIS) consists of integrated computer hardware and software that store, manage, analyze, edit, output, and visualize geographic
Geographic_information_system
Scientific discipline
geographic information systems (GIS), which are the actual repositories of geospatial data, the software tools for carrying out relevant tasks, and the
Geographic information science
Geographic_information_science
The Cartography and Geographic Information Society (CaGIS) is a learned society in the fields of cartography and geographic information science. It includes
Cartography and Geographic Information Society
Cartography_and_Geographic_Information_Society
Restrictions on using GPS in China
Under Chinese law, the use of geographic information in the People's Republic of China is restricted to entities that have special authorization from the
Restrictions on geographic data in China
Restrictions_on_geographic_data_in_China
Visual representation of data
Data and information visualization (data viz/vis or info viz/vis) is the practice of designing and creating graphic or visual representations of quantitative
Data and information visualization
Data_and_information_visualization
Type of user-generated content
Volunteered geographic information (VGI) is the harnessing of tools to create, assemble, and disseminate geographic data provided voluntarily by individuals
Volunteered geographic information
Volunteered_geographic_information
Technologies for discovering content about a place
stages: geoparsing, text and geographic indexing, data storage, geographic relevance ranking with respect to a geographic query and browsing results commonly
Geographic information retrieval
Geographic_information_retrieval
GIS tracking temporal changes
historical geographic information system (also written as historical GIS or HGIS) is a geographic information system that may display, store and analyze data of
Historical geographic information system
Historical_geographic_information_system
United States government committee coordinating geospatial data
were in compliance. Geographic Information System Spatial Data Infrastructure "Steering Committee Members". Federal Geographic Data Committee. Retrieved
Federal Geographic Data Committee
Federal_Geographic_Data_Committee
Restrictions on using GPS in South Korea
South Korean geographic data and information is subject to several regulations which severely restrict its reuse. The South Korean government defends
Restrictions on geographic data in South Korea
Restrictions_on_geographic_data_in_South_Korea
of a geographic information system, providing the ability to create, store, manage, query, analyze, and visualize geographic data, that is, data representing
Geographic information system software
Geographic_information_system_software
Historical GIS project
files and the tabular data are formatted so as to be easily linked for use in Geographic Information System software. NHGIS was launched in 2007 and is maintained
National Historical Geographic Information System
National_Historical_Geographic_Information_System
Legal issues regarding the collection and dissemination of data
Information privacy, also known as data privacy or data protection, is the relationship between the collection and dissemination of data, technology, the
Information_privacy
Unit of information
literacy rates, and census data. In this context, data represents the raw facts and figures from which useful information can be extracted. Data is collected
Data
Network that allows computers to share resources and communicate with each other
engineering, and telecommunications, a network is a group of communicating computers and peripherals known as hosts, which communicate data to other hosts
Computer_network
Study of Earth's spatial information
"techniques of geographic analysis," "Geographic Information Technology," "Geography method's and techniques," "Geographic Information Science," "geoinformatics
Geography
Metadata used for describing geospatial data
(also geographic metadata) is a type of metadata applicable to geographic data and information. Such objects may be stored in a geographic information system
Geospatial_metadata
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are an important component of business, healthcare, security, government, trade, media, transportation, and tourism
Geographic information systems in China
Geographic_information_systems_in_China
Geographical database
The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) is a database of name and location information about more than two million physical and cultural features
Geographic Names Information System
Geographic_Names_Information_System
list of GIS data sources (including some geoportals) that provide information sets that can be used in geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial databases
List_of_GIS_data_sources
Data analysis is the process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions
Data_analysis
Early geographic information system developed for the Government of Canada
program and become a foremost promoter of geographic information systems (GIS). CGIS was designed to withstand great amounts of collected data by managing
Canada Geographic Information System
Canada_Geographic_Information_System
Geographic data discipline
processing, presentation of geographic data or geographic information". Under another definition, it consists of products, services and tools involved in the
Geomatics
University Consortium for Geographic Information Science (UCGIS) is an academic non-profit organization dedicated to geographic information science, incorporated
University Consortium for Geographic Information Science
University_Consortium_for_Geographic_Information_Science
Techniques to study geometric data
spatial data, and applying analytical methods to terrestrial or geographic datasets, including the use of geographic information systems and geomatics
Spatial_analysis
The National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA) was founded in 1988 and hosted at three member campuses: The University of California
National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
National_Center_for_Geographic_Information_and_Analysis
spatial data infrastructure (SDI), also called geospatial data infrastructure, is a data infrastructure implementing a framework of geographic data, metadata
Spatial_data_infrastructure
campaign. Data, information and framing conditions are visualized on maps to derive recommendations for action. In comparison to geographic information systems
Geographic_analytics
settlement maps. This information is produced using new geographic data mining tools and knowledge and analytics based on empirical data. The GHSL processing
Global_Human_Settlement_Layer
Geographic information system software
geospatial data in a range of data formats. Its name comes from an abbreviation of its previous name, Quantum GIS. QGIS functions as geographic information system
QGIS
Design of geospatial data storage
A geographic data model, geospatial geographical measurements, or simply data from modules in the context of geographic information systems (GIS), is
Data_model_(GIS)
Arizona state government committee
The Arizona Geographic Information Council (AGIC) was established by executive order as Arizona's primary forum and oversight group for coordination efforts
Arizona Geographic Information Council
Arizona_Geographic_Information_Council
Canadian government intitiave managing geospatial data of Canada
geomatics applications such as mapping, geocoding, geographic searching, and area delineations. NRN data can be used in a wide variety of activities, including
GeoBase_(geospatial_data)
Geographic Information Laboratories in Europe (AGILE) was established to promote academic teaching and research on geographic information science and
Association of Geographic Information Laboratories in Europe
Association_of_Geographic_Information_Laboratories_in_Europe
Institution responsible for surveying and mapping the national land of Japan
The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (国土地理院, Kokudo Chiri-in), or GSI, is the national institution responsible for surveying and mapping the national
Geospatial Information Authority of Japan
Geospatial_Information_Authority_of_Japan
Study of spatial information
communicate spatial information. The spatial data types a technical geographer employs may vary widely, including human and physical geography topics, with the
Technical_geography
Collaborative land cover mapping wiki project
existing geographical information and the collection of new geographical information through crowdsourcing and citizen science. Using data sources such
Geo-Wiki
XML grammar for geographical features
forms of geographic information, including not only conventional "vector" or discrete objects, but also coverages (see also GMLJP2) and sensor data. GML contains
Geography_Markup_Language
Method of spatial referencing
number Geocoding Geographic coordinate system Length measurement Milestone Road map Zero mile "All Road Network of Linear Referenced Data (ARNOLD) Reference
Linear_referencing
American organization
States Geographic Information Council (NSGIC) is an organization in the United States of America of the states, the District of Columbia, and the territories
National States Geographic Information Council
National_States_Geographic_Information_Council
Subfield of geographic methods
Qualitative geography is a subfield and methodological approach to geography focusing on nominal data, descriptive information, and the subjective and interpretive
Qualitative_geography
Indian multinational technology company
intelligence and Big Data Analytics, Geographic data and information and Engineering. The company is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock
Rolta
Visualization of geospatial data
for geographic visualization), also known as cartographic visualization, refers to a set of tools and techniques supporting the analysis of Geographic data
Geovisualization
Study of processes and patterns in the natural environment
analyzing, interpreting, and understanding spatial information. The three branches have significant overlap, however. Physical geography can be divided into
Physical_geography
Educational tool
Council for Geographic Education/Association of American Geographers Joint Committee on Geographic Education. The document was 28 pages, and suggested the
Five_themes_of_geography
programs designed to store and recall spatial information for navigation applications, and are thus a form of Geographic information system. They are widely
Map_database_management
Ohio State University unit
social, political, economic, geographic, economic, and public health issues using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and other spatial analysis techniques
Center for Urban and Regional Analysis
Center_for_Urban_and_Regional_Analysis
Software services that use location data
software service which uses geographic data and information to search systems, in turn providing services or information to users. LBS can be used in
Location-based_service
(NSPS) Cartographic and Geographic Information Society (CaGIS) Geographic and Land Information Society (GLIS) During the 2000s, CaGIS and GLIS removed themselves
American Congress on Surveying and Mapping
American_Congress_on_Surveying_and_Mapping
Type of web portal for geographic information
effective use of geographic information systems (GIS) and a key element of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI). Geographic information providers, including
Geoportal
servers, undersea cables, and data centers /located in specific geographic regions. Zook shows that the Internet has distinct geographic patterns rather than
Internet_geography
Type of spatial relationship
study and application of qualitative spatial relationships between geographic features, or between representations of such features in geographic information
Geospatial_topology
Obtaining information through non-contact sensors
acquiring information about Earth and other planets. Remote sensing is used in numerous fields, including geophysics, geography, land surveying and most Earth
Remote_sensing
Photograph associated with a geographical location
The photo is taken without geographical information and is processed later using software in conjunction with the GPS data. Timestamps made by the camera
Geotagged_photograph
georelational data model is a geographic data model that represents geographic features as an interrelated set of spatial and attribute data. The georelational
Georelational_data_model
specification of semantics and topology information. CityJSON is a JSON-based format for storing 3D city models. It mostly follows the CityGML data model, but aims
3D_city_model
Types of interactive mapping services
of using, creating, and distributing maps on the World Wide Web (the Web), usually through the use of Web geographic information systems (Web GIS). A
Web_mapping
US intelligence agency in charge of satellite intelligence
actually using." The NRO Management Information System (NMIS) is a computer network used to distribute NRO data classified as Top Secret. It is also
National Reconnaissance Office
National_Reconnaissance_Office
Santa Barbara centered on geographic data science. The center was a spinoff of the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA), also
UCSB Center for Spatial Studies and Data Science
UCSB_Center_for_Spatial_Studies_and_Data_Science
Multi-Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside (MAGIC) is a governmental website in the United Kingdom which provides geographic information, in map
Multi-Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside
Multi-Agency_Geographic_Information_for_the_Countryside
Angular measurements, typically for latitude and longitude
expressing latitude and longitude geographic coordinates as decimal fractions of a degree. DD are used in many geographic information systems (GIS), web
Decimal_degrees
Symbolic depiction of spatial relationships
cartographic data is a geographic information system: a computer system that stores and analyzes geographic data. GISs can contain a wide variety of data to support
Map
System that supports business decisions
storage and processing of data, comprising digital products that process data to facilitate decision making and the data being used to provide information and
Information_system
Intergovernmental organization
Display and Information System (ECDIS) made it clear to the IHO it also needed to standardize how electronic navigational data is transferred and displayed
International Hydrographic Organization
International_Hydrographic_Organization
Subfield of spatial analysis and econometrics
general text in the field was the 1979 book by Paelinck and Klaasen. Geographic information science Spatial autocorrelation Complete spatial randomness
Spatial_econometrics
Technologies employing the World Wide Web to manage spatial data
GIS, are Geographic Information Systems (GIS) that employ the World Wide Web (the Web) to facilitate the storage, visualization, analysis, and distribution
Web_GIS
Discrete phenomenon that exists at a location on Earth
In geography and particularly in geographic information science, a geographic feature or simply feature (also called an object or entity) is a representation
Geographical_feature
3D computer-generated imagery and measurements of terrain
refers to a discrete global grid. DEMs are used often in geographic information systems (GIS), and are the most common basis for digitally produced relief
Digital_elevation_model
geography is a subdiscipline of human geography and economic geography that examines the spatial relationships and geographic trends within labor and
Labor_geography
CALFORM, and POLYVRT. The Laboratory's Odyssey project created a geographic information system that served as a milestone in the development of integrated
Harvard Laboratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis
Harvard_Laboratory_for_Computer_Graphics_and_Spatial_Analysis
Technical Committee 211 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
ISO/TS 19129:2009 Geographic information -- Imagery, gridded and coverage data framework ISO/TS 19130:2010 Geographic information - Imagery sensor models
ISO/TC 211 Geographic information/Geomatics
ISO/TC_211_Geographic_information/Geomatics
Branch of geography
Regional geography is one of the major traditions of geography. It focuses on the interaction of different cultural and natural geofactors in a specific
Regional_geography
UN group that standardizes place names
Country Names Working Group on Geographical Names Data Management (until 2021 as Working Group on Toponymic Data Files and Gazetteers) Working Group on
United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
United_Nations_Group_of_Experts_on_Geographical_Names
Type of dictionary
ontology developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to describe, manage and exchange data related to geopolitical entities
Geopolitical_ontology
American billionaire businessman
geographic methods Quantitative geography – Subfield of geographic methods University Consortium for Geographic Information Science "Laura Herman is bride
Jack_Dangermond
Framework for the quality of digital geographic datasets
19114 Geographic information - Quality evaluation procedures provides a procedural framework for evaluating the quality of digital geographic datasets
ISO_19114
Digital representation of spatio-temporal phenomenon
play an important role in geographic information systems (GIS), geospatial content and services, GIS data processing, and data sharing. A coverage is represented
Coverage_data
Stored data in computer systems
In information technology, a backup, or data backup is a copy of computer data taken and stored elsewhere so that it may be used to restore the original
Backup
Data about other data
Metadata (or metainformation) is data (or information) that defines and describes the characteristics of other data. It often helps to describe, explain
Metadata
Coordinate transformation of raster or vector dataset in geographic space
that the image can be visually and analytically integrated with other geographic data in geographic information systems and remote sensing software. A number
Georeferencing
Management of personal data across media
and manages a customer or client's data, while a privacy notice tells clients or data subjects what data is held by an organisation and how that data
Privacy_policy
geography or transportation geography is a branch of geography that investigates the movement and connections between people, goods and information on
Transport_geography
Representation of a surface as a triangle mesh with elevated vertices
relationships. Digital TIN data structures are used in a variety of applications, including geographic information systems (GIS), and computer aided design
Triangulated irregular network
Triangulated_irregular_network
some capabilities of geographic information systems (GIS), although their primary function is the reporting of statistical data rather than the analysis
Local_information_systems
Branch of human geography
Population geography is the study of the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of human populations in relation to the geographic characteristics
Population_geography
Australia Surveying and Spatial Sciences Institute "Reference at www.anzlic.gov.au". Masser, I. (2003). Governments And Geographic Information. Taylor & Francis
ANZLIC
Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access (PASDA) is Pennsylvania's official public access geospatial information clearinghouse. PASDA serves as Pennsylvania's
Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access
Pennsylvania_Spatial_Data_Access
Association of professional geographers
in counteracting geographical illiteracy in all countries of the world. In the 1992 charter there is also information on geographic questions, key concepts
International Geographical Union
International_Geographical_Union
geospatial data. Location or geographical information system (GIS) tools enable spatial experts to collect, store, analyze and visualize data. Location
Location_intelligence
Subfield of geographic methods
geographic questions and problems. Quantitative geography can be divided into many broad categories, such as: Geoinformatics Geographic information science
Quantitative_geography
1969 law by Waldo Tobler
Walker, Arbia's law of geography Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography Geographic information science Geographic information systems Indicators of
Tobler's first law of geography
Tobler's_first_law_of_geography
Information management system
incorporates information security and protection, compliance, data quality, data governance, electronic discovery, risk management, privacy, data storage and archiving
Information_governance
Mechanism for exchanging geospatial data
Countries. The United Nations Spatial Data Infrastructure (UNSDI) was an initiative of the United Nations Geographic Information Working Group (UNGIWG), a voluntary
United Nations Spatial Data Infrastructure
United_Nations_Spatial_Data_Infrastructure
One of several proposed laws of geography
geography). The laws of geography need not be numbered, however. In spatial analysis with geographic information systems, both raster and vector data
Arbia's_law_of_geography
Computer graphics images defined by points, lines and curves
the software based on these data models (especially graphic design software, computer-aided design, and geographic information systems). Vector graphics
Vector_graphics
such as Ajax is inspiring to move GIS (Geographical Information Systems) into the web. Geographic Information Retrieval (GIR) has emerged as an academic
Geoweb
Geospatial vector data format
vector data format for geographic information system (GIS) software. It is developed and regulated by Esri as a mostly open specification for data interoperability
Shapefile
NATO military standard (STANAG 7074)
on interoperability standards for geographic data exchange between various military systems and geographic information systems in general.[citation needed]
Digital Geographic Exchange Standard
Digital_Geographic_Exchange_Standard
and knowledge transfers. IGN FI is the subsidiary of the National Institute of Geographic and Forest Information (IGN) and is involved in geographic information
IGN_FI
travel, tourism, insurance
GEOGRAPHIC DATA-AND-INFORMATION
GEOGRAPHIC DATA-AND-INFORMATION
Female
Hungarian
 Short form of Hungarian Katalin, KATA means "pure." Compare with other forms of Kata.
Female
Russian
 Short form of Russian Yekaterina, KATA means "pure." Compare with other forms of Kata.
Female
English
 English surname transferred to unisex forename use, possibly DANA means "from Denmark." Compare with other forms of Dana.
Female
Slavic
 Short form of Slavic Bogdana, DANA means "gift from God." Compare with other forms of Dana.
Male
English
English surname transferred to unisex forename use, possibly DANA means "from Denmark."
Male
Irish
 From Irish Gaelic Mac Dara, DARA means "son of oak." Compare with other forms of Dara.
Male
Turkish
Turkish name ATA means "ancestor."
Female
Hebrew
(×“Ö¼Ö¸× Ö¸×”) Feminine form of Hebrew Dan, DANA means "judge." Compare with other forms of Dana.
Female
Finnish
 Short form of Finnish Katariina, KATA means "pure." Compare with other forms of Kata.
Male
Hebrew
(דֶּרַע) Hebrew name DARA means "the arm." In the bible, this is the name of a son of Zerah. Compare with other forms of Dara.
Male
Hebrew
Variant spelling of Hebrew Dathan, DATAN means "belonging to a fountain."
Female
Finnish
Variant form of Finnish Aada, AATA means "noble."
Female
Hebrew
(דִּיתָה) Pet form of Hebrew Yehuwdiyth, DITA means "Jewess" or "praised." Compare with another form of Dita.
Female
Polish
 Variant spelling of Polish Dyta, DITA means "rich battle." Compare with another form of Dita.
Female
English
 Middle English name DARA means "brave, daring." Compare with another form of Dara.
Female
Hindi/Indian
(लता) Hindi name derived from a plant name, from the Sanskrit word lata, LATA means "creeper," in reference to a creeping plant.
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : nickname for someone with a deformed hand or who had lost one hand, from Middle English hand, Middle High German hant, found in such appellations as Liebhard mit der Hand (Augsburg 1383).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : nickname from German Hand ‘hand’ (see 1).Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Flaithimh (see Guthrie), resulting from an erroneous association of the Gaelic name with the Gaelic word lámh ‘hand’. It is used as an English equivalent for several other names of Gaelic origin too, e.g. Claffey, Glavin, and McClave.Dutch : from a variant of hont ‘dog’, ‘hound’, either a derogatory nickname, or a habitational name for someone living at a house distinguished by the sign of a dog.
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : topographic name from Old English land, Middle High German lant, ‘land’, ‘territory’. This had more specialized senses in the Middle Ages, being used to denote the countryside as opposed to a town or an estate.English : topographic name for someone who lived in a forest glade, Middle English, Old French la(u)nde, or a habitational name from Launde in Leicestershire or Laund in West Yorkshire, which are named with this word.Norwegian : habitational name from any of three farmsteads so named, from Old Norse land ‘land’, ‘territory’ (see 1 above).
Female
Polish
Short form of Polish Edyta, DYTA means "rich battle."
Male
Iranian/Persian
 Short form of Persian Dârayavahush, DARA means "possesses a lot, wealthy." Compare with other forms of Dara.
GEOGRAPHIC DATA-AND-INFORMATION
GEOGRAPHIC DATA-AND-INFORMATION
GEOGRAPHIC DATA-AND-INFORMATION
GEOGRAPHIC DATA-AND-INFORMATION
GEOGRAPHIC DATA-AND-INFORMATION
GEOGRAPHIC DATA-AND-INFORMATION
GEOGRAPHIC DATA-AND-INFORMATION
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