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Hidden Markov model algorithm
The forward algorithm, in the context of a hidden Markov model (HMM), is used to calculate a 'belief state': the probability of a state at a certain time
Forward_algorithm
Inference algorithm for hidden Markov models
The forward–backward algorithm is an inference algorithm for hidden Markov models which computes the posterior marginals of all hidden state variables
Forward–backward_algorithm
Finds likely sequence of hidden states
The Viterbi algorithm is a dynamic programming algorithm that finds the most likely sequence of hidden events that would explain a sequence of observed
Viterbi_algorithm
British-Canadian computer scientist (born 1947)
(2022). "The Forward-Forward Algorithm: Some Preliminary Investigations". arXiv:2212.13345 [cs.LG]. "Hinton's Forward Forward Algorithm is the New Way
Geoffrey_Hinton
Algorithm for finding shortest paths
Dijkstra's algorithm (/ˈdaɪk.strəz/, DYKE-strəz) is an algorithm for finding the shortest paths between nodes in a weighted graph, which may represent
Dijkstra's_algorithm
Algorithm in mathematics
(HMM). It makes use of the forward-backward algorithm to compute the statistics for the expectation step. The Baum–Welch algorithm, the primary method for
Baum–Welch_algorithm
Method of finding a directed graph's strongly connected components
of the transpose graph during the forward traversal phase. The only additional data structure needed by the algorithm is an ordered list L of graph vertices
Kosaraju's_algorithm
Cryptographic key management algorithm
therefore called a double ratchet. The algorithm provides forward secrecy for messages, and implicit renegotiation of forward keys; properties for which the protocol
Double_Ratchet_Algorithm
Sequence of operations for a task
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm (/ˈælɡərɪðəm/ ) is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve
Algorithm
DPLL algorithm Resolution (logic) WalkSAT Baum–Welch algorithm Belief propagation Expectation–maximization algorithm Forward–backward algorithm Kalman
List of artificial intelligence algorithms
List_of_artificial_intelligence_algorithms
Statistical Markov model
This problem can be handled efficiently using the forward algorithm. An example is when the algorithm is applied to a Hidden Markov Network to determine
Hidden_Markov_model
Lossless data compression algorithms
LZ77 and LZ78 are the two lossless data compression algorithms published in papers by Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv in 1977 and 1978. They are also known
LZ77_and_LZ78
canon style one at a time. After each movement, the line takes a step forward. Algorithm March lyrics, in English and Japanese (Romaji). Note: this transcription
Algorithm_March
Sequence of locally optimal choices
A greedy algorithm is an algorithm which, at each step, makes the choice that is locally optimal, and subsequently does not reconsider past choices. Greedy
Greedy_algorithm
Algorithm for phase retrieval
The Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm is one of the most prevalent methods used to create computer-generated holograms. Let: FT – forward Fourier transform IFT
Gerchberg–Saxton_algorithm
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
multimodal optimization Expectation–maximization algorithm FastICA Forward–backward algorithm GeneRec Genetic Algorithm for Rule Set Production Growing self-organizing
Outline_of_machine_learning
Ability of numerical algorithms to remain accurate under small changes of inputs
y* is small. Hence, a backward stable algorithm is always stable. An algorithm is forward stable if its forward error divided by the condition number
Numerical_stability
String searching algorithm
computer science, the Boyer–Moore string-search algorithm is an efficient string-searching algorithm that is the standard benchmark for practical string-search
Boyer–Moore string-search algorithm
Boyer–Moore_string-search_algorithm
Algorithm for shuffling a finite sequence
The Fisher–Yates shuffle is an algorithm for shuffling a finite sequence. The algorithm takes a list of all the elements of the sequence, and continually
Fisher–Yates_shuffle
An algorithm is a fundamental set of rules or defined procedures that are typically designed and used to be a simpler way to solve a specific problem
List_of_algorithms
Algorithm to search the nodes of a graph
science, depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures. The algorithm starts at the root node (selecting
Depth-first_search
Way of calculating the day of the week of a given date
The Doomsday rule, Doomsday algorithm or Doomsday method is an algorithm of determination of the day of the week for a given date. It provides a perpetual
Doomsday_rule
Algorithm used in distributed computing
The Chandy–Lamport algorithm is a snapshot algorithm that is used in distributed systems for recording a consistent global state of an asynchronous system
Chandy–Lamport_algorithm
Statistical tool to model changing systems
sequence of states, the forward algorithm will compute the probability of the sequence of observations, and the Baum–Welch algorithm will estimate the starting
Markov_model
Numerical calculations carrying along derivatives
InCLosure. In practice, there are two types (modes) of algorithmic differentiation: a forward-type and a reversed-type. Presently, the two types are highly
Automatic_differentiation
Algorithms to complete a sudoku
computer programs that will solve sudoku puzzles using a backtracking algorithm, which is a type of brute force search. Backtracking is a depth-first
Sudoku_solving_algorithms
Automated methods for the creation of mazes
Maze generation algorithms are automated methods for the creation of mazes. A maze can be generated by starting with a predetermined arrangement of cells
Maze_generation_algorithm
Error correction algorithm
used as component decoders in iterative turbo decoding. The algorithm combines a forward pass and a backward pass through the trellis. Let S k {\displaystyle
BCJR_algorithm
Consensus algorithm
Raft is a consensus algorithm designed as an alternative to the Paxos family of algorithms. It was meant to be more understandable than Paxos by means
Raft_(algorithm)
Playback function of a recording
alternative fast forwarding algorithms and visualizations. In video streaming formats, such as H.264, fast forward algorithms use the I-frames to sample
Fast_forward
Semiring defined over probabilities
efficiency of the algorithm. Notably, this semiring perspective reveals that the forward-sum algorithm and the Viterbi-max algorithm are parallel concepts:
Viterbi_semiring
Practice in cryptography
exchange, leaving Diffie–Hellman (with forward secrecy) as the sole algorithm for key exchange. OpenSSL supports forward secrecy using elliptic curve Diffie–Hellman
Forward_secrecy
Electronic radiation calculation tool
as a result, the forward algorithm can lead to large computational times. The principle of the reverse method is to use: A forward particle tracking
FASTRAD
Mathematical model in economics
10 (2001): 1384–1395. Federgruen, Awi, and Michal Tzur. "A simple forward algorithm to solve general dynamic lot sizing models with n periods in 0 (n
Dynamic_lot-size_model
Parameter estimation method for probabilistic context-free grammars
introduced by James K. Baker in 1979 as a generalization of the forward–backward algorithm for parameter estimation on hidden Markov models to stochastic
Inside–outside_algorithm
On finding a repeating loop in a sequence
In computer science, cycle detection or cycle finding is the algorithmic problem of finding a cycle in a sequence of iterated function values. For any
Cycle_detection
Cryptography secured against quantum computers
quantum-resistant, is the development of cryptographic algorithms (usually public-key algorithms) that are currently thought, but not proven, to be secure
Post-quantum_cryptography
The Chang and Roberts algorithm is a ring-based coordinator election algorithm, employed in distributed computing. It was initially published by Ernest
Chang_and_Roberts_algorithm
Algorithm used to solve non-linear least squares problems
In mathematics and computing, the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LMA or just LM), also known as the damped least-squares (DLS) method, is used to solve
Levenberg–Marquardt_algorithm
Inference engine in an expert system
Forward chaining (or forward reasoning) is one of the two main methods of reasoning when using an inference engine and can be described logically as repeated
Forward_chaining
Computing joint values of a kinematic chain from a known end position
joint constraints. The most popular heuristic algorithms are cyclic coordinate descent (CCD) and Forward And Backward Reaching Inverse Kinematics (FABRIK)
Inverse_kinematics
Cryptographic system with public and private keys
public key and a corresponding private key. Key pairs are generated with algorithms based on mathematical problems termed one-way functions. Security of public-key
Public-key_cryptography
Alternative form of government or social ordering
also referred to as algorithmic regulation, regulation by algorithms, algorithmic governance, algocratic governance, algorithmic legal order, or algocracy
Government_by_algorithm
The top-nodes algorithm is an algorithm for managing a resource reservation calendar. The algorithm has been first published in 2003, and has been improved
Top-nodes_algorithm
Method for data management
require less virtual memory and supports data compression such as the BWT algorithm. Inverted index Stores a list of occurrences of each atomic search criterion
Search_engine_indexing
Monte Carlo algorithm
In statistics and statistical physics, the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm is a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for obtaining a sequence of random
Metropolis–Hastings_algorithm
path in the search space. Forward search and backward search are two of main samples of state-space planning. In the algorithms that follow, by "non-deterministic"
State-space_planning
Password authentication algorithm
HMAC-based one-time password (HOTP) is a cryptographic algorithm based on a one-time password (OTP) and hash-based message authentication code (HMAC)
HMAC-based_one-time_password
Method of executing orders
Algorithmic trading is a method of executing orders using automated pre-programmed trading instructions accounting for variables such as time, price,
Algorithmic_trading
Computational algorithm for radio astronomy
The CLEAN algorithm is a computational algorithm to perform a deconvolution on images created in radio astronomy. It was published by Jan Högbom in 1974
CLEAN_(algorithm)
Optimization algorithm
unconstrained mathematical optimization. It is a first-order iterative algorithm for minimizing a differentiable multivariate function. The idea is to
Gradient_descent
Fast Fourier Transform algorithm
The Cooley–Tukey algorithm, named after J. W. Cooley and John Tukey, is the most common fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. It re-expresses the discrete
Cooley–Tukey_FFT_algorithm
Method of exchanging cryptographic keys
initially proposed as part of the Double Ratchet Algorithm used in the Signal Protocol. The protocol offers forward secrecy and cryptographic deniability. It
Diffie–Hellman_key_exchange
System in which no randomness is involved in determining its future states
completely determined by the preceding state. A deterministic algorithm is an algorithm which, given a particular input, will always produce the same
Deterministic_system
String-searching algorithm
of the haystack. The two-way algorithm can be viewed as a combination of the forward-going Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm (KMP) and the backward-running
Two-way string-matching algorithm
Two-way_string-matching_algorithm
Simple routing algorithm sending incoming packets to all links other than the sender
the packet forward. If it is received from the next node, it sends it back to the sender. There are several variants of flooding algorithms. Most work
Flooding (computer networking)
Flooding_(computer_networking)
Optimized search algorithm
search algorithm that finds a shortest path from an initial vertex to a goal vertex in a directed graph. It runs two simultaneous searches: one forward from
Bidirectional_search
Algorithm for construction of suffix trees
science, Ukkonen's algorithm is a linear-time, online algorithm for constructing suffix trees, proposed by Esko Ukkonen in 1995. The algorithm begins with an
Ukkonen's_algorithm
Integer factorization algorithm
Pollard's rho algorithm is an algorithm for integer factorization. It was invented by John Pollard in 1975. It uses only a small amount of space, and
Pollard's_rho_algorithm
Adaptive filter algorithm for digital signal processing
Recursive least squares (RLS) is an adaptive filter algorithm that recursively finds the coefficients that minimize a weighted linear least squares cost
Recursive least squares filter
Recursive_least_squares_filter
Recursive algorighm in linear algebra
The algorithm proceeds in two steps. In the first step, two sets of vectors, called the forward and backward vectors, are established. The forward vectors
Levinson_recursion
Algorithm in computer graphics
The Greiner-Hormann algorithm is used in computer graphics for polygon clipping. It performs better than the Vatti clipping algorithm, but cannot handle
Greiner–Hormann clipping algorithm
Greiner–Hormann_clipping_algorithm
considerably longer compared to Kociemba's or Feather's algorithm. Bidirectional search works by searching forward from the scrambled state, and backward from the
Optimal solutions for the Rubik's Cube
Optimal_solutions_for_the_Rubik's_Cube
if jumping backwards takes significantly more time than jumping forward. The algorithm can be modified by performing multiple levels of jump search on
Jump_search
Graph colouring algorithm by Daniel Brélaz
DSatur is a graph colouring algorithm put forward by Daniel Brélaz in 1979. Similarly to the greedy colouring algorithm, DSatur colours the vertices of
DSatur
Limited memory technique for decoding free codes
and forward from a single point on the tree. The Fano algorithm is a sequential decoding algorithm that does not require a stack. The Fano algorithm can
Sequential_decoding
Algorithm used to determine the order of events in a distributed computer system
The Lamport timestamp algorithm is a simple logical clock algorithm used to determine the order of events in a distributed computer system. As different
Lamport_timestamp
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
of algorithms that carry out the encryption and the reversing decryption. The detailed operation of a cipher is controlled both by the algorithm and
Cryptography
Computational problem of graph theory
Find the Shortest Path: Use a shortest path algorithm (e.g., Dijkstra's algorithm, Bellman-Ford algorithm) to find the shortest path from the source node
Shortest_path_problem
Type of artificial neural network
change according to the derivative of the activation function, and so this algorithm represents a backpropagation of the activation function. Circa 1800, Legendre
Feedforward_neural_network
Regression algorithm
for each value of the L1 norm of the parameter vector. The algorithm is similar to forward stepwise regression, but instead of including variables at
Least-angle_regression
Computation method
In elementary arithmetic, a standard algorithm or method is a specific method of computation which is conventionally taught for solving particular mathematical
Standard_algorithms
Computer program for the Boolean satisfiability problem
the search space, hence their extension towards a parallel algorithm is straight forward. However, due to techniques like unit propagation, following
SAT_solver
Optimization algorithm for artificial neural networks
calculations. Strictly speaking, the term backpropagation refers only to an algorithm for efficiently computing the gradient, not how the gradient is used,
Backpropagation
Cryptographic algorithm
Symmetric-key algorithms are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both the encryption of plaintext and the decryption
Symmetric-key_algorithm
such an algorithm was put forward by C. W. Clenshaw and F. W. J. Olver in a paper published in 1980. In the problem of developing algorithms for computing
Unrestricted_algorithm
Divide and conquer sorting algorithm
sorting algorithm. Quicksort was developed by British computer scientist Tony Hoare in 1959 and published in 1961. It is still a commonly used algorithm for
Quicksort
Adaptive-Additive Algorithm (or AA algorithm), which derives from a group of adaptive (input-output) algorithms, can be used. The AA algorithm is an iterative
Adaptive-additive_algorithm
Software able to infer logical consequences
required. Drools, a forward-chaining inference-based rules engine which uses an enhanced implementation of the Rete algorithm. Evrete, a forward-chaining Java
Semantic_reasoner
Algorithm for solving systems of linear equations
mathematics, Gaussian elimination, also known as row reduction, is an algorithm for solving systems of linear equations. It consists of a sequence of
Gaussian_elimination
Number of bits in a key used by a cryptographic algorithm
in a key used by a cryptographic algorithm (such as a cipher). Key length defines the upper-bound on an algorithm's security (i.e. a logarithmic measure
Key_size
Searching for patterns in text
A string-searching algorithm, sometimes called string-matching algorithm, is an algorithm that searches a body of text for portions that match by pattern
String-searching_algorithm
Pattern matching algorithm
The Rete algorithm (/ˈriːtiː/ REE-tee, /ˈreɪtiː/ RAY-tee, rarely /ˈriːt/ REET, /rɛˈteɪ/ reh-TAY) is a pattern matching algorithm for implementing rule-based
Rete_algorithm
In backtracking algorithms, look ahead is the generic term for a subprocedure that attempts to foresee the effects of choosing a branching variable to
Look-ahead_(backtracking)
In applied mathematics, a technique to find the shortest path
paths. The shortest path in a graph can be computed using Dijkstra's algorithm but, given that road networks consist of tens of millions of vertices
Contraction_hierarchies
String search algorithm
In computer science, the Boyer–Moore–Horspool algorithm or Horspool's algorithm is an algorithm for finding substrings in strings. It was published by
Boyer–Moore–Horspool algorithm
Boyer–Moore–Horspool_algorithm
Problem optimization method
Dynamic programming (DP) is both a mathematical optimization method and an algorithmic paradigm. The method was developed by Richard Bellman in the 1950s and
Dynamic_programming
Property of an algorithm
science, algorithmic efficiency is a property of an algorithm which relates to the amount of computational resources used by the algorithm. Algorithmic efficiency
Algorithmic_efficiency
Surveillance strategy
algorithms to mitigate these threats. This new version of Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite uses publicly-available algorithms and is
Harvest_now,_decrypt_later
Attempts to formalize the concept of algorithms
Algorithm characterizations are attempts to formalize the word algorithm. Algorithm does not have a generally accepted formal definition. Researchers
Algorithm_characterizations
Raymond's Algorithm is a lock based algorithm for mutual exclusion on a distributed system. It imposes a logical structure (a K-ary tree) on distributed
Raymond's_algorithm
Control loop feedback mechanism
account for time taken by the algorithm itself during the loop, or more importantly, any pre-emption delaying the algorithm. A common issue when using Kd
PID_controller
Class of video frames processed in a distinct way by a compression algorithm
different algorithms with different advantages and disadvantages, centered mainly around amount of data compression. These different algorithms for video
Video compression picture types
Video_compression_picture_types
Sorting algorithm
(nicknamed stupid sort) is a variation of the insertion sort sorting algorithm that does not use nested loops. Gnome sort was known for a long time and
Gnome_sort
2012 book by John MacCormick
computer algorithms to a layman audience. The chapters in the book each cover an algorithm. Search engine indexing PageRank Public-key cryptography Forward error
9 Algorithms That Changed the Future
9_Algorithms_That_Changed_the_Future
Numerical eigenvalue calculation
The Lanczos algorithm is an iterative method devised by Cornelius Lanczos that is an adaptation of power methods to find the m {\displaystyle m} "most
Lanczos_algorithm
Type system used in computer programming and mathematics
{\displaystyle \vdash _{J}} algorithm J ⊢ W {\displaystyle \vdash _{W}} algorithm W The syntax of HM is carried forward to the syntax of the inference
Hindley–Milner_type_system
Improved reduction for specific matrices
In numerical linear algebra, the tridiagonal matrix algorithm, also known as the Thomas algorithm (named after Llewellyn Thomas), is a simplified form
Tridiagonal_matrix_algorithm
Responsibility to design fair algorithms
Algorithmic accountability refers to the allocation of responsibility for the consequences of real-world actions influenced by algorithms used in decision-making
Algorithmic_accountability
Arbiter on a node in a packet switching communication network
of the existing network scheduling algorithms. The network scheduler logic decides which network packet to forward next. The network scheduler is associated
Network_scheduler
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FORWARD ALGORITHM
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FORWARD ALGORITHM
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